• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.533-547
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• 1997

In periodontics, much progress was made in the understanding of periodontal disease from 1960s to 1980s and in prevention and management of periodontal disease since the end of 1980s. This presentation will discuss about the prevalence of periodontal disease, treatment need, and provision of periodontal treatment in Korea, and how we could manage the periodontal disease efficiently in the future. According to an epidemiological study in Korea, periodontal disease(including gingivitis) was present in 82% of general population and periodontitis in 30-40% in adult population over 30y and juvenile periodontitis in 0.1% of adolescents. If we consider that at least 17% of these patients may have recurrent or refractory forms, there is obviously an abundance of disease that needs treatment, As a result of increase in life expectancy, senile population over 65 y will be increased from 6% in 1996 to 6.9% in 2000, and tooth retention rate and periodontal treatment need are expected to increase. Periodontists need all the help they can get from the general dentists to control periodontal disease. As for provision, postgraduate course in periodontics started in 1957 in Korea and produced over 700 specialized dentists in periodontics. One report indicated that the periodontists as well as general practitioners did periodontal therapy on only a few periodontal patients, because of specific control by current medical insurance system in Korea. Comprehensive periodontal examination is rarely done in local dental clinic. Therefore, enhancement of periodontal care in medical insurance system and education of simplified periodontal examination such as Periodontal Screening & Recording will make dentists diagnose and manage the management of adult patients is based on the recognition that there are multiple diseases, including gingivitis, chronic adlt periodontitis, and other more aggressive forms of periodontitis, and requires the earliest possible recognition of these three disease categories. In this presentation, we discuss practical approach using PSR to diagnose, manage and refer the patients, to facilitate the separation of the simple from the complex and the predictable from the unpredictable form of periodontal diseases and to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic techniques into private practice today.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-148
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• 2012

Deforestation and forest degradation in Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) accelerated from the mid 1980s through the economic crisis in 1990s and is still happening. DPRK has conducted afforestation and reforestation activities against this trend. However there are not many official documents on achievement of forest rehabilitation in DPRK. "Rodong Shinmun," as an official newspaper published by North Korean Workers Party, represents governmental policies and is one of a few accessible information on DPRK which is available in Republic of Korea (ROK). This paper aims to investigate the national forest policies of the DPRK represented in Rodong Shinmun. Total of 499 articles using the word 'Sanlim (forest)' and 'Rimsan (forest product)' in the title of articles were selected for content analysis. The national forest plans and forest policy instruments contained in the selected articles were analyzed. The subjects of represented forest policies were classified into four groups; forestation, forest management, land management and forest protection or conservation. The focus of forest policy was changed from economic utilization of forest resources such as timber production in the 1990s to forest protection in the 2000s. Rodong Shinmun reported more frequently about regulatory instruments and informational instruments than the economic instruments. Official commendation and awards were the main incentives given to the people who contributed to forestry achievements. In particular, forest policies were emphasized by Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il and afforestation and forest protection were described as patriotic activities in the Rodong Shinmun. In conclusion, this research revealed that Rodong Shinmun plays a role as a means for introducing, propagating and instigating forest policies in the society of the DPRK. The findings help to understand the forest policies of the DPRK which could be useful when designing development aids for DPRK.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.22
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• pp.327-370
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• 2011

Shakespeare's text "Hamlet" was first introduced in Korea in the first part of 1920s by Hyeon Cheol via 『Gaebyeok』. Its performance of whole acts was realized in Kinema Theater in Daegu by the direction of Lee Hae-Rang (translated by Han Lo-Dan) in September, 1951, during the Korean War. Since then, a variety of performances were carried out by numberless performing artists and performing groups in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The purpose of this study was, among numberless performing artists and performances appeared in the history of performance of "Hamlet", to examine Lee Hae-rang's direction standpoint of "Hamlet", which has been one of the mainstays since the 1950s. For this, among many performances directed by Lee Hae-rang, the investigator referred to the performing scripts and performance criticisms for the opening performance of Drama Center in 1962 and the performances in HOAM Art Hall in 1985 and 1989, focusing on the text "Hamlet" performance in 1951. In the second chapter, the concept, standpoint and background of realism, the base of his theatrical activities in his lifetime, were examined. In the third chapter, before analyzing his direction standpoint for text "Hamlet", the traditional and modern concept of text was summarized and a variety of standpoints and viewpoints for the text were analyzed. And based on the above summary and analysis, his direction standpoint was analyzed and examined, thus presenting a clue for the discussion on the position of Shakespeare's text "Hamlet" directed by Lee Hae-rang in the Korean history of performance and its performance aesthetics.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

1980년대 아날로그 이동전화서비스로 시작된 이동통신 기술은 매 10년을 주기로 빠르게 발전해 오고 있다. 디지털화를 거쳐 모바일 광대역 서비스에 초점을 맞춘 이전 세대와는 달리, 5G 이동통신서비스는 다양한 미래 정보통신 융합서비스의 플랫폼으로서, 산업구조 혁신을 통해 새로운 스마트 비즈니스 모델 및 산업 생태계를 창출하는 4차 산업혁명의 핵심 인프라로 주목받고 있다. 이러한 변화의 흐름속에서 이동통신서비스는 우리 실생활과 더욱 밀접해지고 있으나, 다른 한편으로 이동통신 환경의 취약점을 악용한 사이버 공격 위험에 노출될 가능성도 점차 확대되고 있다. 이런 배경에는 국제전기통신연합(ITU)의 IMT-2020 비전 및 요구사항을 충족시키기 위한 5G 네트워크의 구조적인 변화에 따라 공격접점이 크게 확대 되었기 때문이다. 본 고에서는 5G 시대의 도래와 함께 가장 큰 구조적 변화를 겪으며 5G 융합서비스의 핵심 인프라로서 새롭게 주목받고 있는 5G 엣지의 주요 특징을 살펴보고, 5G 엣지에서 제기되고 있는 보안위협과 이에 대한 대응 기술의 동향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.204-229
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• 1988

This paper documents and discusses trends and differentials in youth's participation in the labor force and employment. Youth in this study is defined asthe young aged 15-29. Youth passes through a series of life-course transitions,which include school completion own family formation(marriage and childbirth) .mandatory service in the army (by males) , and their economic activities are affectedby those life-course events. Accordingly we show how and to what extent youth'slabor force participation and employment varies with age and how the age patternhas changed over time.Throughout the 1980's and 1990's, youth's labor force participation showeddifferent trends by age group Labor fDrce participation rate of the 15-19 agedsteeply decreased, while that of the 25-29 steadily increased during the twodecades, the rate fsr the 20-24 aged showing not much variation. The former is dueto the increased rate of school enrollment among the age group, while the lattercould be attributed, in part, to the young women s increased and more steadyparticipation in the labor force over time.While labor force participation could be considered as a result of one's choicesand preferences, employment opportunities are more or less restricted by labormarket structure and institutions . This study documents how the structuralconstraints have interacted with individual and group attributes to differentiateemployment opportunities between individuals (educational background) and groups(especially sex diffrences) . One of the most salient feature of youth's em[ploymentstructure is the recent high unemployment rate of the college graduates. We discusshow that is related to the'credential society'in which one's educational credentials and it's social status play major role in determining who gets what in terms of job opportunities. Also is discussed the discordance between school and labor marketsupply and demand system, which is apparent in the prolonged oversupply of thecollege graduates, which is due to the consistently high rate of college entranceobserved since the early 1980's. Theoretically the job market for college graduates isviewed not as the'neoclassical'wage competition market but as job competition market in which one's (good) job opportunity is determined by one s position in thejob queue, which is in turn heavily dependent on from which college one get shis/her college degree as well as one's sex.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.157-186
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• 2018

Ulsan Soeburi song was reenacted in the 1980s based on the testimony and songs of late Choi Jae man (1987 death), the last blacksmith of the iron production plant at Dalcheon dong, Ulsan in August 1981. The purpose of this study is to analyze Soeburi song from the musical perspective based on 13 kinds of data including video in 1981, and confirm the changing patterns in the tradition process. The derived results are summarized as follows. In the results of examining Soeburi Song data in 2017, the percussion instruments consist of kkwaenggwari 2 (leading small gong 1, follow small gong 1), jing 2 (large gong 2), buk 4 (drum 4), janggu 4 (double headed drum 4), taepyongso 1 (Korean shawm 1), and Jangdan (rhythm) consists of five such as Jilgut, Jajinmori, Dadeuraegi, Deotbaegi, Jajin Deotbaegi. The vocal songs are sung accompanied by the Deotbaegi Jajin Deotbaegi (beat) of quarter small triplet time, or without accompaniment. The scale is mostly Mi La do's third note or Mi La do re's fourth note, and the range does not exceed one octave. All the cadence tones are the same as La. From the results of observing Soeburi song performance until today after the excavation in 1981, it is found that there are four major changes. First, the composition of the music is differentiated into 'long Jajin (slow fast)', and , , and are added. Second, the singing method is based on 'single cantor + multi post singers' since 1980's reenactment, and a single post singer was also specified from time to time. In addition, , which was performed in 2013, became the foundation of . Third, a melodic change of was observed. All beat structures are quarter small triplet time, but the speed gets slow, Mi La do's three notes are skeletonized to be corrected with high re and low sol, and then the characteristics of Menari tori (the mode appeared in the eastern province of the Korean peninsula) are to be clear. Lastly, the four percussion instruments such as kkwaenggwari, jing, janggu, and buk are frequently used, and depending on the performance, sogo (hand drum), taepyongso, yoryeong (bell) are also added. Jangdan played Jajinmori, Dadeuraegi, Deotbaegi and Jajin Deotbaegi from the beginning, and thereafter, the Jilgut Jangdan was added. Through these results as above, it is confirmed that at the time of the first excavation, a simple form of such as has been changed into a male labor song, the purpose of which has changed, and that the playability has become stronger and changed into a performing arts.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

연구 목적: 1980년대 이후 미국 여성들의 유방암 조기 진단을 위한 방사선 검진율은 급속히 증가하였음에도 불구하고 유색 인종의 여성들은 여전히 조기 검진의 혜택을 받지 못하고 있다. 유색인종 여성들의 낮은 검진율을 설명하기 위해 여러 건강행위이론을 이용한 관련 요인들이 연구되어 왔다. 이 논문은 미국 보건 의료관련 연구에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 다섯 건강행위 이론을 유색 인종 여성, 특히 한국 이민 여성들의 유방암 조기검진 이행에 적용하기 위해 사회문화적 적합성을 평가하기 위해 고안되었다. 연구 방법: 네 종류의 데이터 베이스(CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts)를 이용한 심층적 문헌 고찰을 통해 각각의 이론으로 유방암 조기 검진을 설명한 연구들을 모두 분석하였다. 연구 결과: 각 이론들의 배경, 주요 요인, 그리고 유색인종의 유방암 조기 검진에서의 적용 연구 등을 분석하였다. 결론: 서양 문화권 속에서 개발된 각 이론들이 한국적 정서와 행동을 설명하는데 명확한 한계가 있으며 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해서는 기존의 이론들을 면밀하게 재분석하여 한국적 특성을 담아낼 수 있는 새로운 이론의 도출이 요구된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.476-483
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to make a suitable images for korean emotional expressions. KSFI(Korean Standard Facial Image)-AUs was produced from korean standard apperance and FACS(Facial Action coding system)-AUs. For the objectivity of KSFI, the survey was examined about emotion recognition rate and contribution of emotion recognition in facial elements from six-basic emotional expression images(sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, anger and surprise). As a result of the experiment, the images of happiness, surprise, sadness and anger which had shown higher accuracy. Also, emotional recognition rate was mainly decided by the facial element of eyes and a mouth. Through the result of this study, KSFI contents which could be combined AU images was proposed. In this future, KSFI would be helpful contents to improve emotion recognition rate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.43-50
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• 2003

시뮬레이션의 궁극적인 목표인 분산 시뮬레이션은 Virtual Simulation과 Constructive Simulation 이외에 Live Simulation이 동시에 참여하여 동일한 환경 내에서 상호작용 하는 것을 추구하고 있다. 따라서 서로 다른 목적과 기술로 제작된 시뮬레이션은 통합된 환경 내에서 사실적으로 상호작용 해야만 할 것이다. 통합 환경(Synthetic Environment)은 시각적 영상을 표현하기 위한 Visual Database 이상의 의미를 내포하고 있다. 상호운용성(Interoperability)은 타 Model 및 Simulation에서 부터 제공되는 기능을 사용하거나 기능을 제공할 수 있는 유용성(Availability)을 뜻하기 때문에 표준화된 통합 환경의 사용 및 교환을 요구한다. 1980년대 중반, 미 국방성은 Image Generator 제작 회사마다 독자적인 데이터베이스 포맷을 사용함으로 인해 시뮬레이터 데이터베이스의 중복성이 야기되고 있다는 것을 지적하고 통합 환경 데이터 교환 문제를 해결하기 위한 최초의 관련 연구를 수행하였다. Virtual Simulation에서 막대한 비용이 소모되는 시뮬레이터 데이터베이스의 제작 및 유지 보수에 들어가는 이중적인 비용 절감에 대한 관심은 최근 SEDRIS에 이르러 표준 교환에 대한 명세의 필요성이 보다 구체화되어 지구상에 존재하는 각종 주변 환경을 기술하기 위한 통합 환경표현 및 교환의 표준화가 진행되고 있다. 국내에서는 문화콘텐츠진흥원, 한국게임산업개발원, 한국전자통신연구원, 국방과학연구소, 서울대, 아주대, 세종대 등을 중심으로 연구가 진행 중이며, 그중 세종대학교는 SEDRIS 데이터로 사용될 원본 데이터의 충실도와 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 연구하고 있다. SEDRIS는 그 응용가능성이 무궁무진하여 향후 인공적인 가상환경을 대표하는 용어로 사용될 것이며, 공개된 표준을 통한 소스 데이터의 공유로 상호운용성을 위한 초석을 제공하여 궁극적으로는 비용 절감 효과가 있을 것으로 전망된다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

The aim the this paper is to explore the processes of three Korean consumer electronics chaebols'entries into, and exits from tile EU in the context of European integration and enlargement and at the global, regional(EU), national and local level. Korean FDI in the EU has increased sharply since the late 1980s, while interacting with the processes of European integration and enlargement. In particular, the chaebols'FDI was caused by reactions against the intensification of Euro-trade regulations. As a result, these defensive entries have led such chaebols to create a strategy of ‘defensive Europeanisation’through the formation of forward and backward linkages between chaebols’affiliates and Korean suppliers within the EU. Nonetheless, defensive FDI has given rise to exits through active relocation within and outside the EU, since the ‘late 1980s’due in the main to (1) sensitive reactions against changing EU trade regulations and (2) failures to maintain cost-competitiveness in particular host regions. Along with these trends, chaebols’entries and exits are placed in contingent and paradoxical structures of the global -regional - national-local nexus, which has resulted from the mismatch of different EU policies such as trade, inward investment and regional policies.