• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

Now we have faced to two fundamental population problems: The one is over-population problem in proportion to the nation's total area, 99,434 $km^2$, and the other is unbalanced population distributions in the provincial districts of administration (16th local governments). For example, the population density of Seoul city is 16,335 persons, and the nations population density of South Korea is 464 persons for 1 km$^2$. At the first part of this study, we introduced the origins and historical back grounds of Formal Demorgraphy. And the second part, we suggest some useful indicators of urbanization of rural populations in terms of Gini's Coefficients of Concentration. As the result, we can show that the ecological Gini's Coefficients of Concentration, during the periods covered by this study, have been increasing extraordinary: 0.349, 0.433, 0.532, 0.581, 0.633 and 0.626 in 1970, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 A.D. respectively. However, the trend of urbanization (concentration of population) of Korean population has been the relative equilibrium state of 0.63 from 1995 to 2000 A.D.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The sofa industry, which is now one of the major furniture industries in Korea, has developed since 1970s as the apartment building boom and the rise of living standards triggered its demand. Among others, durable and high-quality leather sofa had been most favored and excelled other sofas since mid-1980s along with the growth of national economy before IMF control tightened money market in late 1990s. Leather sofa is still favored and its industry has great possibilities to increase as people tend to seek higher and more personalized living conditions with the stabilization of economy. However, there are several problems in the sofa industry due to the current economic difficult conditions, i.e.; 1. It is hard to cut down the cost of raw material as the supply mostly depend on import. 2. It is hard to keep product quality due to technical difficulties. 3. There are still illegal duplicates of foreign or domestic competitors'design. The aim of this study is to examine the reality of the leather sofa industry in Korea and to suggest new vision for its progress.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 2009

This paper introduces the development of safety assessment technology in Korea, focusing on the activities of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in the areas of system thermal hydraulics, severe accidents and probabilistic safety assessment. In the 1970s and 1980s, safety analysis codes and methodologies were introduced from the United States, France, Canada and other developed countries along with technology related to the construction and operation of nuclear power plants. The main focus was on understanding and utilizing computer codes that were sourced from abroad up to the early 1990s, when efforts to develop domestic safety analysis codes and methodologies became active. Remarkable achievements have been made over the last 15 years in the development and application of safety analysis technologies. In addition, significant experimental work has been performed to verify the safety characteristics of reactors and fuels as well as to support the development and validation of analysis methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2001

The relatively rapid rising trends of crime rates in marine situations leads to social concerns in Korea. This study reviews some theoretical backgrounds of the economics of crime and apply econometric models to Korean marine crimes. We find that there is a positive relationship between marine crime rates and unemployment rates in Korea and the degree of the relationship is higher in the 1990s' in comparison with the results of 1970s' and 1980s'. This findings are compatible with the previous theoretical researches in advanced countries. These findings show that recently the structure of our economy and the economic behaviors of economic agents in Korea have been similar to those of the advanced economies. Therefore this study shows that there exists the additional social costs of economic depression by causing the social crimes and the necessity of public policies to reduce unemployment rates would be higher.

• IE interfaces
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2006

The main objective of this study is to analyze the structure of efficiency of R&D input variables and the attributes of patent information as output of R&D activities in the major manufacturing industries (electric & electronics, machinery, chemical, textile) from the mid-1970s to the late-1990s by the development of "mapping technique". To attain this objective we first have examined the attribute of time-lag which depends on the absolute, and the cumulative values between input and output. And on the basis of this result, we have made an analysis on the impact to extract the main variables affecting patent by industries. Moreover, according to time trend of the impact variables, we have analyzed the structure of R&D efficiency, and of technological progress which will be changed with time by patent information. It has been aimed at constructing technological progress patterns in the Korea industry.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the trend of the study of elderly housing for the suggestion of the direction in Korea. This study was the first series about the study of elderly housing and analysed the 164 pieces of researches in Japan. The data were analysed classification with contents first, then examined the class in chronological order, and suggest the trend in the study of elderly housing in Japan. 1. The study of elderly facilities was reported the highest interest and was completed in the latter half of the 1980s except the payment elderly home in Japan. 2. Their second interest was the study of general elderly housing. Rural elderly facilities as a local elderly housing were researched frequently. 3. The study of housing for three generation was studied much in early 1980s, but decreased concerns these days. The study of housing for the elderly was studied the latter of 1980s and concerns were sustained. 4. Trend of the study of elderly housing was classified as follows; 1950s was the stage of unconsciousness, 1960s was the stage of sprout, 1970s was the stage of blossom, 1980s was the stage in full bloom and then the study was peak in 1986 and slowly decrease the concern. 5. In 1990s the study of elderly housing was moved into elderly facilities in a consumer's view and older people's life their family relation.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.133-156
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• 2006

This paper tries to explore the overall profile of Korean female labor force over the period of 1960-2000. A particular emphasis is put on portraying major over-time characteristics of female labor force, following five different political regimes--that of Park, J.H.(1960 and 1970s), of Chon D.H. (early and late 1980s), of Roh T.W. (late 1980-early 1990s), of Kim,Y.S. (early 1990-1ate 1990s), and of Kim. D. J. (late 1990-early 2000s), respectively. Discussions have centered around: 1) utilization of young single girls from rural areas during the early industrialization process of 1960-1985; 2) the beginning of married women's entry into labor market and issues of the socalled &M-curve& thesis in Korean experiences since 1990s; 3) the emergence and enlargement of non-regular workers; and 4) the launching of labor related legal measures such as the Equal Employment Act of 1988 and its successive revisions, the Maternity Leave Acts, the On-the-Job Chi1dcare Centers, and the prohibition of sexual harassments on the job setting, and so on. All in all, although it is undeniable that the Korean female labor force has experienced much progress over the period of time in terms of &equality and protection& issues, overall industrial reality we are facing with has not been so prosperous in the sense that most women workers have become the victims of industrial polarization, as time goes by.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the relationship between the improvement of the income distribution index from the late 1980s to the 1990s and large-scale housing supply projects such as the 2 million housing construction project. Looking at Korea's economic development in terms of income growth and distribution, GDP has continuously increased since the establishment of the government, especially in the late 1980s. The Gini Index, a representative income inequality index, rapidly deteriorated in the early 1970s, and gradually improved from the late 1980s. The 2 million housing construction project, announced in 1988, supplied a third of the existing nationwide housing stock of 6.5 million units in three years. The project cost was 65 trillion won, equivalent to 50% of Korea's GDP at the time. This study questioned whether the ratio of the number of employed workers in the construction industry was a variable directly affecting the Gini Index. To verify this, the causal relationship between the proportion of employed workers in the construction and manufacturing industries and the Gini Index from 1979 to 2008 was statistically analyzed. For this, the ARIMA model was established for each variable, and the correlation of their residuals was verified. The 2 million housing construction project had the effect of improving income inequality in terms of rising wages for production workers and creating jobs for the low-educated and low-income class. During the project period, the number of middle-income earners increased sharply, and the income gap between the high-income and low-income earners greatly decreased. The expansion of the construction volume can be used as a powerful and direct policy tool for improving income distribution. However, the effect may be limited. When the proportion of workers exceeds the threshold, the effect is weakened.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1649-1660
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• 2006

IIn the United States, professional dress codes for working women have changed over time since the 1970s. Considering the changes, from conservative and traditional business uniforms in the 1970s, business casual in the late 1980s through 1990s, and the current revival of tailored business suits, this study investigated working women's business jacket practices and their association with personal, psycho-social, and physical characteristics. Working women's job satisfaction and corporate culture were also examined in relation to business jacket practices. Research data were collected by implementing mail surveys to 1,500 randomly selected working women in the United States. Of the 1,500 distributed questionnaires, a total of 312 were returned, of which 265 were deemed usable, yielding a 20.8% response rate. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage distribution, mean scores, standard deviations, and Canonical Correlation were tabulated. The respondents ranged in age from 22 to 65. The mean age of the respondents was 44 years(SD=9.63). Most respondents were married(77.4%), working full-time(81.4%), career-oriented (77.2%), Caucasian(89.8%), had at least one child(78.9%), and had a professional job(75.9%). Working women's age, number of children, self-confidence in dressing, perceived importance of clothing, body frame size, and visibility to superiors and public were positively associated with business jacket practices, while age of first child, family size, dress size, and job satisfaction were negatively associated with business jacket practices.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-123
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• 2020

The advanced industrial economies have been suffering from rapid de-industrialization since the 1970s. In order to overcome such crisis, many countries have attempted to establish science parks and technopoles. Sophia Antipolis in France is one of the best examples of the worldly known technopoles, which was launched in the late 1960s. However, earlier evaluations on the technopole were not positive, while there were no dynamic innovative activities among institutions and firms of the technopole at least up to the early 1990s. While some changes in such circumstance have been observed since then, this paper attempts to investigate the changes and transformations occurring from the technopole since the late 1990s. Based on the review of the recent publications, statistics and expert interviews, the current paper concludes that Sophia Antipolis has been transformed into a dynamic and innovative technopole.