• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2007

화전과 화전민은 일제의 강한 규제와 정리 계획, 해방 이후 토지개혁에도 불구하고 1970년대까지 지속적으로 증가했다. 본 논문에서는 강고하게 존재했던 화전과 화전민이 1974-1979년의 화전정리사업으로 완전히 사라지게 된 필요 충분조건을 살펴보고자 했으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일제시대 이후 지속적으로 증가하던 농촌 인구와 최하층의 농가수가 1967년경을 정점으로 감소하면서 화전과 화전민 발생의 근본 원인이었던 토지에 대한 인구의 압력이 약화되었다(사회적 필요조건). 둘째, 1960년대 중반부터 본격화된 경제개발계획으로 1974년의 국민총생산과 정부예산이 1960년의 25배 수준이 되어 화전정리사업에 충분한 투자가 가능해졌다(경제적 충분조건). 셋째, 항공사진을 이용한 산림자원조사 기술의 발전과 도로 시설의 확대로 화전민의 은닉성이 제거되어 재모경(再冒耕)을 철저히 감시할 수 있게 되었다(기술적 충분조건).

• 문화경제연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.197-229
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• 2018

본 연구는 현대 한국 여성의 여가에 대한 사회적 인식을 시대별로 분석, 여성들이 여가 문제에 있어 어떤 이데올로기 갈등을 겪어왔는지 그 사회적, 문화적 맥락을 종합적으로 분석하여 향후 여성의 여가향유 환경 개선을 위한 의미 있는 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 여성 여가에 대해 다룬 총 4,614개의 언론 기사의 652,513개의 단어를 '의미연결망' 기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 1960년대에는 '현대화'와 '현모양처' 이데올로기가 혼재된 양상을 보였고, 1970년대에는 전통적 현모양처에 뿌리를 두되 부업을 통해 가정 경제에 기여하는 희생적인 여성의 모습을 미덕화 했다. 1980년대 여성의 고등교육과 사회진출 증가로 '현대 여성 이데올로기'가 강조되었으나, 이 시기부터 여성 여가 문제에 있어 '현모양처' 이데올로기와의 본격적 갈등이 시작된다. 여성의 지위가 향상된 1990년대에는 오히려 두 이데올로기의 갈등이 심화된 양상을 보였고, 2000년대에도 이러한 갈등은 지속되며 오히려 이데올로기 갈등 사이에서 여성은 자신의 여가를 희생하는 경향을 보였다. 2010년대에는 두 이데올로기 간의 갈등이 여전한 가운데, 쉽게 소비할 수 있는 여가상품의 증가로 자투리 시간을 활용한 스낵컬쳐 여가를 선호하는 양상을 보이게 되었다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.001-026
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• 2023

This paper dealt with the Korean manpower policy in science and technology, focusing on the contents and tools of the Special Act and its Master Plans. After briefly introducing the historical development of the Korean manpower policy from the 1960s to the present, it discussed and analyzed the Special Act and Plans from the framework of personnel development, distribution, utilization and infrastructure. Korea's science and technology manpower policy has focused on fostering and supplying manpower in line with the country's industrial growth strategy. In the early stage of industrial development during the 1960s and 1980s, government research institutes were direct and effective tools for nurturing S&T manpower. Since the 1990s, the importance of university research has increased. The government fostered graduate research manpower through the research-oriented university policy of the BK21 program. After the IMF financial crisis in 1997, the tendency of students to avoid careers in science and technology led to enacting the Special Act (2004) governing the field of S&T human resources. The Special Act has contributed to leveling up the university education system in science and engineering and sophisticated the policy to include entrepreneurship training, spin-off startups, industry-university cooperation, and offering degree programs. The Special Act and the regularly revised Master Plans have been essential tools in systematically managing the science and technology manpower policies of the Korean government.

• 복식
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2006

The objective of the study is to review trends of clothing export in important countries of the world and thus to know the present stage of clothing export in Korea. For the purpose, changes of export amount, competitiveness and product life cycle were analysed in the countries from the 1960's to the 1990's. The results are as following: First, on the aspect of export amount, industrialized countries lost the lead to newly industrializing countries from the 1960's. Developing countries, as China, win the lead. Second, on the competitiveness aspect, industrialized countries lost competitiveness to newly industrializing countries before the 1960's. And newly industrializing countries were outpaced by China in the export competitiveness from the early 1990's. Third, on the aspect of product life cycle, industrialized countries go first through each period of product life cycle, introduction, growth, maturity and decline, and they all, excluding Japan, sustained period of Maturity for a long time. newly industrializing countries and developing countries go orderly through each period of product life cycle after industrialized countries. As to Korea, duration of each period was short. Specially characteristics of decline period appeared partly in the early 1990's. From the results, the theory of product life cycle, helping to explain changes in production and trade in new product lines, estimated to applicable to clothing export. The phenomena, Italy, Hong Kong and America sustain high competitiveness in the world clothing market for a long time, is needed to be studied carefully. The study about strong points in their clothing industries and competitiveness drive program be to influence Korean export policy in the future.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.181-215
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• 2017

본 연구는 미군정시기 분배체계에 대한 연구를 통해 현대 한국복지체제의 기원이 미군정시기의 정치와 경제질서와 매우 밀접하게 연관되어 있다는 점을 밝혔다. 1960년대 계급의 이해로부터 자유로운 개발국가의 탄생은 1945년부터 1948년까지의 미군정기를 사상하고는 상상할 수 없다. 미군정은 노동운동과 농민운동을 물리력으로 해체시키고, 좌파 정치세력에게 괴멸적 타격을 가했다. 이러한 과정을 통해 미군정은 1945년 8월 해방 당시 좌파가 지배적인 한국의 정치지형을 우파가 지배적인 정치지형으로 완전히 전환시켰다. 더욱이 조선 민중 대다수가 바라던 사회(민주)주의 대신 미국식 자본주의를 이식시키는데도 미군정의 물리력이 없었다면 불가능했을 것이다. 농지개혁을 통해 전통적 지주계급을 몰락시키고, 혁명적 농민들을 보수적인 농민으로 전환하고, 일본인이 소유했던 공장들의 배분을 통해 국가에 종속되는 새로운 자본가 계급을 탄생시켰다. 복지체제의 관점에서 미군정 시기의 가장 큰 의미는 미군정이 1960년대 계급의 이해로부터 자유로운 개발국가, 즉 노동력의 상품화에 기초한 한 복지체제가 만들어질 수 있는 토대를 만든 것이다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2015

Gwanghwamun was dismantled and displaced to the east side of the palace, at that time, the Chosun Government General Building was constructed in the Gyeongbokgung palace. After the Korea war, it remained as a stonework as a result of the fire. In 1968, The Gwanghwamun came back in front of the palace. Then, why it was rebuilt in the 3rd Republic period? What was the reason for selecting concrete? Since the May 16 coup, the military regime had been utilized palace and surrounding urban space to show a visible practice of modernization. Attempting the combination of modern technology in the 1960s and traditional cultural property and reconstructing a city as a pretext called Cultural Heritage conservation was a typical mechanism of the 1960s. In this study, I start by assume that reconstructing Gwanghwamun(1968) was a part of project to change the surrounding urban space of Gwanghwamun than to preserve cultural assets. Two main contributions of the study are following. First, I collect availabe data on the reconstructing surrounding urban space of the Gwanghwamun and re-organize them in chronological order to make them as fragments of a map. Second, I analysis and identify the nature and phase of the Gwanghwamun reconstruction.

• Architectural research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main policies of the last half century that have shaped the urban architectural fabric of Seoul today, and explore whether a modified approach might better address the current socioeconomic conditions in Korea. The paper defines and examines urban planning in Korea through an overview of the four main urban project policies implemented in Seoul from the 1960s to the present: Land Readjustment (LR), Housing Site Development (HSD), Urban Redevelopment (UR), and Housing Reconstruction (HR). While the fundamental ideology behind these policies served well during a prolonged period of high economic growth, evidence is growing that these policies are losing steam under today's conditions. A growing legacy of stalled and incomplete urban projects from the mid-2000s-the New Town Project is an example-begs the fundamental question as to whether an alternative urban planning paradigm is needed for Korea in an age of low economic growth, low birth rates and a fossil fuel energy crisis. Through the urban morphologies of the three residential areas in Seoul developed by LR projects, this paper looks at the possibility of urban regeneration through the sustainment of urban architecture in those residential areas that have not been affected by HSD, UR, and HR.

• 한국화재조사학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

범죄자 프로파일링은 최신 과학수사기법으로 외국에서는 물론 국내에서도 많은 관심을 받고 있는 분야이며, 이에 대한 연구가 최근 들어 경찰 실무에서 뿐만 아니라 사회과학자들에게서도 주목을 받고 있는 실정이다. 범죄자 프로파일링은 미국에서 1960년대 이후 급증한 연쇄살인 범죄에 대한 새로운 수사기법으로 개발된 분야로서, 연쇄살인 범죄자에 대해서는 비교적 다양한 연구가 수행된 반면 방화범죄자에 대해서는 국내 외의 연구가 매우 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 외국에서 수행된 연구 및 방화범죄자의 유형 구분이 가능한가에 대한 외국의 연구 결과들을 검토하여 국내에서 방화범죄자의 프로파일링이 어떻게 이루어져야할 것인가에 대한 기초 연구를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.5-27
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• 2002

This paper evaluate and compare effectiveness of urban growth management measures in Korea using system dynamics model. Simple urban dynamics model was used to compare urban growth management measures. Since the late 1960s, Korean government has been implementing various urban growth management measures without much success. In the 1960s, factories, universities, and public agencies were strongly encouraged to move out to local areas. During the 1970s, regulations on greenbelt area was adopted to prevent urban sprawl. Besides, regulations to prevent location of population inducing facilities, and promoting dislocation of those facilities were implemented simultaneously. During the 1990, regulations on total number of factories in the metropolitan area, development fees were adopted. These various method of urban management were compared. Simulation results shows that promoting decentralization of population, preventing population immigration, expanding greenbelt area are effectiveness ones compared to controlling total number of population inducing facilities, and preventing construction of new industries. Some implications of the findings were discussed.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

Modern Joseon Architecture is North Korea's unique building style that interprets Korean traditional architecture in a modern way, and its most distinctive design feature is the Paljak roof that decorates the upper part of the buildings. This paper argues that continuous attempts at characterizing the nature of traditional Korean architecture in the late 1950s and early 1960s developed the theoretical rationale for the exclusive use of the Paljak roof in Modern Joseon Architecture. It also argues that the construction of the Pyongyang Grand Theater and the Okryu Restaurant during this period became a decisive moment for the formalization of the Paljak roof. The double roof rafters and gables and the "cheerful yet solemn" roofline were considered as main characteristic features of the Korean roof and the Paljak roof perfectly fits this description. Particularly, in North Korean society where Kim Il Sung became idolized as an impersonalized deity, an anecdote in which Kim Il Sung fixed a prominent gabled roof in the Pyongyang Grand Theater into a Paljak roof has allowed for the roof to gain an exclusive status. Hence, almost all Modern Joseon Architecture since the 1960s accepted the Paljak roof's monopoly position, rather than experimenting with other traditional roof types.