• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.7
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• pp.75-105
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• 2003

Russian State Historical Archive (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv - RGIA) received its present name in June 1992, and before 1961 was known as TsGIA. RGIA holds the major records of high-level and central state and administrative institutions and agencies of tsarist Russia from the eighteenth century to 1910s (except the records of the Army, Navy, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), as well as fonds of social organizations, institutions, and individuals of prerevolutionary Russia. The main goal of this article is to assist understanding russian principle on arrangement and classification archives with its historical development focusing on one of the biggest historical archive in Russia. The primary set of historical records in RGIA remain arranged in 3-steps classification system: fond (collection) -- opis' (inventory) -- delo (file). In this general survey of RGIA author offers detailed information on the collection of archives and the system for classification of its huge amounts of primary sources in connection with influence upon historical studies. Despite the general economic crisis Russian archives are struggling to keep their doors open for public research and are exerting their energies in present electronic information to scholars and other researchers from throughout the world. The result, however, is not rewarded enough, considering the effort involved.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.6
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• pp.161-223
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• 2002

Let me conclusion the regulation of the archival management organizations and it's development From the 1894(甲午改革) First, the archival management organizations(記錄局, 總務局) had been made in the office of prime ministry(議政府) and each ministry, which had managed the records and archives in the era of 1894. Second, the archival management organizations had been changed by the beginning of cabinet system from the march of 1895. They had been divided into three parts. One(參事官室) had managed the current records Another one(記錄局) had managed the compilation. Third, from the 1896(俄館播遷) to 1904(露日戰爭), the archival management organizations had been returned to old system of the era of 1894. I mean that the records management ministry(文書課) and the one (記錄局) had been reduced to the small office each other. For more effect research, I studied from the archival aspect. So I focused the archival institution (記錄局, 記錄課) and the related regulations(各府各衛門通行規則)in the era of 甲午改革. My conclusion is they had introduced directly from the regulations(各省官制通則) of Japan. And I did find the related regulations of some agencies (內部, 度支部, 宮內府 奎章閣). From the research of these regulations, I concluded these had been introduced directly from the regulations of Japan, too.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

This study examines changes and features of provincial office buildings in Suwon and Chungju after relocation during Japanese occupation. Gyeonggi and Chungbuk provincial offices(Gwanchalbu) were relocated by Japan. Gyeonggi Provincial Office in Suwon used HwaseongHaenggung buildings and moved to Seoul in 1910. After relocation, most of HwaseongHaenggung buildings used for Suwon Governmental hospital(JaHye Uiwon). Suwongun Office, Suwon public elementary school, Japanese Military and Suwon Police station also used HwaseongHaenggung buildings with the Hospital. At first, Japan remodeled local government buildings for their use. Most of HwaseongHaenggung buildings had been destroyed to build new buildings since 1920s. Chungbuk Provincial office in Chungju used DongHeon building which is Chungju local government building and relocated to Cheongju in 1908. DongHeon building changed to Chungju county office after relocation. This building was renovated. Chungju county office moved to other site, this building was used for Chungju county conference room. During Japanese colonial period, Suwon local government buildings were destroyed and replaced with new Japanese style buildings. Chungju local government buildings were also renovated or destroyed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

The Korean Legation in Washington, D.C., is a proof that Emperor Kojong of Chosun Dynasty tried to establish relationship with the U.S. in 1891, that was before the declaration to establish Korean Empire. In that sense, the building is a historic place. The legation building is a symbolic place attesting to the turbulent history at the time of 1890 to 1910, when Korea had to suffer the forced treaty with Japan in 1905 and the annexation into Japan, and then to the 20th century up to the present time, 2014. The legation building can be turned into a space to host well-planned exhibits to show Korea's history and culture to local residents, foreign visitors to Washington, D.C., and overseas Koreans. The followings are the basic principles for the future use of the legation in line with the basic direction. The building's use should not be limited to museum, but should be flexible to accommodate various different practical usage. It is necessary to make the Korean Legation building that can incorporate the characters and the history through modern interpretation of the historicity of the place, the Korean culture, and historical events. The future usage of the Korean Legation building should enhance the value as a cultural heritage by linking the interpretation of the historical events and real life shown through exhibits, performance and people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50
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• pp.85-96
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• 2000

The study is aimed to analyse social and cultural background and to compare the changes of the cosmetic culture in Korea and the western countries accompanied by the developemnt os the cosmetic industry in the 20th century. The cosmetic culture of Korea has kept on changing adopting the new western style make up, These changes were very closely related with the current sociocultural environments and the developments of the cosmetic industry. The analysis and comparison of Korean cosmetic culture and that of Western countries can be summarized as following: Fistly the cosmetic culture of korea came out after Korean War through the improt of western movies. Secondly at the beginning of accommodation of the western concept of beauty the standards of beauty were confused with that of traditional make up. Thirdly in terms of the history of costumes in the western cosmetic culture the trend was feminine and curve lineal style in the 1910s straight and young style in the 1920s Young elegant curve lineal style and straight-line style replaced among themselves in every 10 years and the cycle became more rapid after the 1970s and there were diversity in the cosmetic culture affected by the postmodernism Fourthly the cosmetic culture of :total fashion" was taken into consideration. Fifthly the cosmetic culture of "total fashion" was taken into consideration. fifthly the make up of Korean and that of western countries are not only a way to express of aesthetic desire for beauty but sanitary management and it is a kind of an expansion of value for management for an inner self. Now is the time to refuse the attitude of accommodation of the western cosmetic culture without any consideration. We need to rediscover our traditional cosmetic culture and cultural distinctiveness and try to mix them with the western cosmetic culture in order to develop our own peculiar style which will be able to Korean design remain in the international stage and grow further.d grow further.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.51-72
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• 1998

Futurists objected the existent style, that is the conventional fashion, and took part in these disciplines of fashion to make clothes the instruments being able to represent the individuality. Giacomo Balla and fortunato Depero, pain-ters who in 1915 were to work with Diaghilev's company, were the first to see clothing as a dynamic interfaced between th body and the atmosphere, between physical gestures and the urban context, which could be translated into encounters between forms and colours, volumes and architecture. For them, clothing began to exist as an object and an event, something to be removed from a mainly static conception and made mobile, active. The interaction between movement and clothing was based on the relativity of perception : the appearance and disappearance of the body produced points without dimension or duration which served, as Balla wrote in the Futurist Mnaifesto of Men's Clothing to“renew incessantly the enjoyment and impetuous movement of the body”. The historical achievement in the effort for the reformation of Futurist, Art to Wear. First, for Futurist, clothing is removed from a static conception and focused on dynamics. Second, Balla used asymmetry in men's clothing. Moreover he supposed dynamic men's clothes by using optical intersection. Third, the after image of Chronophotograph represented rapidity. This rhythmic expression is the fore-runner in Optical and Kinetic Art of Visual Art. Fourth, Futurist emphasized flexibility in fashion. They aimed to create‘Clothing Machines’whose parts would interact to aceelerate the real and virtual, inner and outer movement of the human being. Fifth, the variety and short life of cutting skills and colors are focused and‘Fast Substance’in fashion is admitted by Futurists. Futurist concern with clothing was not lim-ited its appearance in terms of cut and colour. What important was also the way it appeared and disappeared according to fashion. It was a“fast substance”, able to reflect rapid, sudden changes of social and aesthetic taste. To reach to the aim of internationalization, Gesamtkunstwerk in our Art to Wear, it is extremely meaningful to examine art fashion which is created under the conception of Gesamtkunstwerk production of avang garde artist in the early 20th century and look at formative conscious of truth, goodess and beauty synthetically which they faced on their works of art.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to reveal the meaning of Le Corbusier's works focused on Maison Guiette. This House was completed in 1926, 4 year later than the work of the Citrohan and also, this house is the only remaining mixed use Dwelling in Belgium. It offers a fine example of the early architectural concepts of Le Corbusier's. Despite these important facts, the meanings of the ideas of this house have not been paid attention as much as other houses constructed at the same period, such as Maison La Roche, Maison Stein de Monzie, Villa Savoye, etc. In his book, 'Oeuvre Complete 1910-1929', Le Corbusier mentioned as follows: "A special solution imposed by Belgian housing developments characterized by a dimension of 6 meters of frontage and a very great depth. The staircase serving the various floors is like the ladder of Jacob climbs Charlie Chaplin in the "Kid" and This house is an architectural experiments of his ideas. And this study aims at analysing the relationship between Maison Guiette and spaces on the basic of Le Corbusier's 'Five Points of a New Architecture' which had a great effects on architectural history and became a fundamental elements for the change into the Modern housing. By analysing the points in regard with the Features of Architectural Concept Applied in Maison Guiette, The Five Points are the background of the interpenetration of the interior and the exterior. To attain this, this research appraises each points in detail in regards with Maison Guiette. The study of Maison Guiette will be an important architectural subject to clarify the meaning of his later works and ideas.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1979

The very fact that so many of us are here to participate in this conference on Operations Research is an indicator of the importance we attach to this relatively new and still expanding field. All of us recognize that Operations Research techniques are especially useful tools in problem solving in business, Government and the military. A discussion of the role of Operations Research and the related field of Systems Analysis in national defense policy and programming decision processes seems especially appropriate at the opening session of this conference, As you know, Operations Research as an organized form of research first found application in the review of individual military weapons systems and their effectiveness just over forty years ago. From that relatively narrow beginning has evolved a discipline whose future exploitation and utility you will explore over the next several days. I plan to review very briefly the historical development of Operations Research and Systems Analysis as tools in the defense decision-making process. Then, I will give you an overview of their application to today's military and defense problem solving by discussing the use of these techniques at the headquarters level by the United States Navy, Obviously, in such a brief period, I cannot cover all applications, specific techniques, or all of the groups involved in such a complex process. A review of the historical development of Operations Research/Systems Analysts reveals that the use of the basic concepts of Operations Research is not new; it originated with the first attempts to use the scientific approach to solve problems. We are still seeking, through modern analysis, to answer the three questions posed by John Dewey in his examination of the problem solving process in 1910.'1 - What is the problem? - What are the alternatives? - Which alternative is best? As I noted earlier, Operations Research, as an organized form of research, began in Great Britain in the late 1930s with the review of individual weapons systems.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.150-169
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• 2020

Surveys of Buddhist ruins at Namsan in Gyeongju began in earnest during the Japanese colonial era, undertaken by Japanese scholars. These surveys of Buddhist remains in Namsan made during the colonial period should be seen as previous research which cannot be ignored in any in-depth study of Buddhist ruins in Gyeongju. Full-scale surveys of Buddhist ruins at Namsan began in the 1920s. Previous surveys conducted around the time of the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 are generally viewed as only representing preliminary investigations and, thus, have not received much attention. However, these early surveys are significant in that they led to the Buddhist ruins on Namsan becoming widely known in the 1910s and served as the foundations for later studies. The removal of the Seated Medicine Buddha from Samneung Valley in Gyeongju in 1915 and its subsequent exhibition at the Joseon Local Products Expo, which marked the fifth anniversary of the Japanese administration of Korea, was especially important in garnering attention for Namsan's wealth of Buddhist artifacts, as the statue was placed in the main hall of the art museum and attracted a great deal of interest from visitors. It is typically thought that this Seated Medicine Buddha was exhibited in 1915 because it was the most beautiful and well-preserved statue from Namsan. However, the removal of this statue was closely related to the proposed move of the Seokguram statue to Seoul around the time of Korea's annexation. The plan to move Seokguram to Seoul was primarily devised by Terauchi Masatake, and the plan, based on Ilseontongjo-ron ('日鮮同祖論'), a historical theory that prehistoric Korean and Japanese people were of the same blood, and Joseon Jeongcheasoeng-ron ('朝鮮停滯性論'), a historical theory arguing that development had stagnated in Korea, was intended to be a visual demonstration of a new era for Korea. This new era was to proceed under the rule of the Japanese Empire through the dissolution of Gyeongbokgung, the symbol of the Joseon Dynasty, which would be replaced with past glories as symbolized by the statue of Buddha. However, as the plan floundered, the replacement for Seokguram in Seoul ended up being none other than the Seated Medicine Buddha of Samneung Valley. Surveys of the Seated Medicine Buddha began in 1911, administered by Sekino Tadashi, but he likely learned of the statue's location from Moroga Hideo or Kodaira Ryozo, Japanese residents of Gyeongju. It is also probable that these Japanese residents received a request from the Japanese Government General of Korea to find a Buddha statue that was worthy of being displayed at exhibitions. In this way, we can say that the transfer of the Seated Medicine Buddha to Seoul was the result of close cooperation between the Government General, Sekino Tadashi, and Japanese residents of Gyeongju. This also had the effect of removing the magical veil which had shrouded the Buddhist ruins of Namsan. In other words, while the early surveys of Buddhist ruins on Namsan are significant, it is difficult to argue that the surveys were undertaken for purely academic purposes, as they were deeply related to the imperial ambitions of Governor-General Terauchi which encompassed the plans to move Seokguram to Seoul and the successful hosting of the 1915 Expo. It should also be pointed out that the failure of the plan to move Seokguram to Seoul and the preservation of the Seated Stone Buddha of Mireuggok at Namsan was in no small part due to resistance from Korean residents in Gyeongju. Although it is not described in detail in the paper, research is needed which shows that the Korean residents of Gyeongju were not simple bystanders, but agents of history.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.92-102
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• 2013

This study aimed to reveal the establishment process and spatial composition of TaiSho park in modern Busan. The TaiSho park is an athletic park which combines a playground and a rest facilities. The arguments on construction of playground commenced for commemorating Kameyama, Busan director official, when he moved to Taiwan in 1910. First Proposers which construct to sport park were businessman in that time. However, construction of playground was progress as a commemoration business of accession of Taisho Tenno. Playground construction got into stride by the proposal of the Busan mayor Wakamatsu in 1917. When it looks into process of discussion about a site selection candidate, norms of playground site selection are the paly ground which appropriate with effective site area and distance between park and a section of a city, in other hand, those are accessibility and budget. As a result of several arguments and actual site investigation, it was decide to select a site which enters to elementary school, after the isolation hospital relocates. The cost of construction of the TaiSho park is prepared by donation of the Busan civil. The donation fund raising committee was constituted by local commerce and industry people, a company, government, municipal offices and area, and funds was raised systematically. As a result, total amount of construction cost was made from the donation of local civil. The TaiSho park is broadly into two sectors; exercise area and rest and pleasure space. Entrance was set up in three aspects of the park and the subcontract planted. The baseball field took the seat in the central part of the park, and also prepared two tennis courts. Japanese Sumo field was also prepared for the north side of the park. The significance of the TaiSho park in Korea Park history can be summarized in South Korea's first sports park and which was made from the donation of local civil. The remained subjects from this study are to clarify the disappearance process of TaiSho park and a reason why modern Busan people want to get playground.