• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

There is a unique type of fatty acid in the hair surface. 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA) is an unusual anteiso fatty acid covalently linked to the outermost surface of hair cuticle. A layer of 18-MEA is located in the upper ${\beta}$-layer of the CMC that is responsible for the low surface energy and low friction resistance of the hair's outer surface. The high mobility of 18-MEA molecule facilitates spreading of extraneous lipid by decreasing interfacial shear strength. In this study, we introduced N-hydroxyl succinimidyl ester functional group to the one end of C10 - 40 isoalkyl acid for regenerating hair surface with covalently bound fatty acid layer. The re-hydrophobicization of hair surface has been investigated by contact angle measurement. The inner moisture content of hair at different levels of humidity (40, 55, 70 %RH) was measured by electric moisture analyzer. Treatment with Hydroxysuccinimidyl C10 - 40 Isoalkyl Acidate (HCIA) was supposed to make hair surface smoother by filling the cracks between cuticles with covalently bound fatty acid monomolecular layer like cuticle glue. This glue effect was also confirmed with line profile of AFM images. Therefore, the moisture and structural components of inner hair were not easily flown out and the optimum moisture content could be kept constantly though the outside humidity level was changed. The lateral force microscopy (LFM) by using atomic force microscope showed that the friction force of hair surface treated with HCIA was decreased. It also showed the constantly sustained friction value even after shampooing repeated 15 times.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 1988

The sensitivity and specificity of crude and affinity-purified antigens of Clcnorchis sinensis obtained from the infected rabbits were studied. Stage-specific antigenic proteins from the eggs, metacercariae and adult worms were characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent astray (ELISA). The results were as follows: 1. The antibody.binding antigen (ABA) purified from whole worm crude antigen (IVWA) by CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography made :l specific bands against rabbit antisera on Ouchterlony gel diffusion plate, while WWA made 7 bands. Major WWA protein bands by SDS-PAGE were found at 16, 300~18, 500 and 28, 000~29, 000 daltons, while major ABA protein bands were at 18, 000~21, 000 and 29, 000~31, 000 daltons. The reactivity of ABA with rabbit anti-sera in ELISA was remarkably less sensitive than that of WWA. 2. Molecular weights of egg antigen (EGA), metacercarial antigen (MEA) and adult worm antigen (WWA) of C. sinensis ranged from 15, 000-200, 000 daltons, 15, 000-100, 000 daltons and 11, 000~80, 000 daltons, respectively. Major WWA proteins consisted mainly of polypeptide bands of low molecular weight, less than 31, 000 daltons, while those of EGA and MEA consisted of higher molecular T.eights than 30, 000 daltons. 3. The ELISA reactivities of WWA to rabbit anti.sera were remarkably greater than those of MEA. EGA showed negative reaction throughout the experiments. WWA showed higher optical density (O.D.) than 1.0, when reacted with rabbit anti-sera obtained at 4~6 weeks after the infection. In the rabbit anti-sera later than 12 weeks after the infection, the O.D. reacting witll WWA showed a plateau without variation. MEA shoT.ed relatively low O.D. values (<0.6), when reacted with anti-sera from lightly in(ected groups throughout the experiments, althougll there were some wealth positive cases (O.D.>0.6) ill heavily infected groups. MEA reacted with rabbit anti-sera showed negative results on Ouchterlony gel diffusion plates. Summarizing the above results, it is suggested that the whole worm antigen prepared from the adult worms of C. sinensis is most highly antigenic. However, this antigen might reveal cross reactions with other trematodes such as Paragonimus westermani, therefore, purification of antigenic proteins from the crude antigen is essential 18 increase the sensitivity and specificity for the immuncdiagnosis of clonorchiasis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2007

For the simultaneous methane recovery and $CO_2$-stripping, we have been developed dual vent auto circulation bubble lift column reactor, and evaluate optimum conditions for monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions as a $CO_2$ absorbent. At the 5 wt% MEA solution, we investigated the pH change during $CO_2$-stripping and absorption reaction, $CO_2$-stripping rate with reaction time, methane recovery efficiency for various inflow rates of air, $CO_2$-stripping rate for flow liquid over flow height, and $CO_2$-stripping dependency on the temperature of absolvent solutions. The suggested optimum conditions for $CO_2$ recovery with MEA in the dual vent auto circulation bubble lift column reactor were 40 mm over flow liquid height, 1.5 L/min of air inflow rate, and $25^{\circ}C$ of absorbent solution temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.478-485
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• 2009

This study was performed to assess airborne fungi concentrations during fall in eight subway stations in Seoul, Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate appropriate culture media and evaluate factors affecting airborne fungi concentrations. Results indicated that airborne fungi concentrations showed log-normal distribution. Thus, geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) were calculated. The GM of airborne fungi concentrations cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) media was 466 $cfu/m^3$ (GSD 3.12; Range 113~4,172 $cfu/m^3$) and the GM of concentrations cultured on DG18 media was 242 $cfu/m^3$ (GSD 4.75; Range 49~6,093 $cfu/m^3$). Both of GM values exceeded 150 $cfu/m^3$, the guideline of World Health Organization (WHO). There was no significant difference between two fungi concentrations cultured on MEA and DG18 media, respectively. Two factors, such as relative humidity and depths of subway stations were significantly related to airborne fungi concentrations. It is recommended that special consideration should be given to deeper subway stations for improvement of indoor air quality.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.393-397
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• 2003

The effect of corrosion inhibitors on antimicrobial activity of biocides (Kathon 886 MW, Triadine 3, Triadine 10 and Grotan BK) was investigated using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa which frequency of occurrence in contaminated fluids is very high and its growth and survival is excellent. When a biocide was used with a corrosion inhibitor, the antimicrobial activity of it was affected by the corrosion inhibitor used. The antimicrobial activity of Kathon 886 MW increased when corrosion inhibitor (each of SS 510, MEA) was used. Triadine 3, Triadine 10, Grotan BK showed the similar trend of antimicrobial effect for the corrosion inhibitors used. Their antimicrobial activities increased when the corrosion inhibitor such as CP-105, CP-E-7 and MEA was used individually. The antimicrobial activity of each corrosion inhibitor was also compared. The results showed that CP-E-7 and MEA was bioresistant and the other corrosion inhibitors were biosupportive. The antimicrobial activity of biocides was in the order of Triadine 10 < Triadine 3 < Kathon 886 MW < Grotan BK.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

To prevent loss of hair protein during hair washing process by water through, a shield coating the pathway of water molecules was studied. Hydrophobic virgin hair, hydrophilic hair, which was damaged only methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA) on the surface, and a repaired hair re-bound 18-MEA, were prepared and water mass changes by as heat were measured. Results showed that hydrophobic hairs followed bi-exponential function of 39 s and 151 s and other two hairs exhibited fast- and mono-exponential decay with 83 s, reflecting the extraction of water molecules without any resistance at the hydrophobic surface. On the assumption that hydrophobic surface resists an extraction of protein in water during the wash, the protein concentrations were compared from the hair of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface. The extracted hair proteins were 179 and 148 ㎍/mL from the hair coated with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), respectively. This study suggested that hydrophobic coating on the hair surface could be used to prevent protein loss in wash, represented by LFM. In conclusion, this research provides some useful information to contribute to the development of hair washing products that can prevent protein loss in the cleaning process by granting hydrophobic coatings.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2014

Black molds were occurred on silicon of washbasin in a bathroom in apartment. Blocks of silicon where the fungi grew, were placed on MEA, DG18, DRBC, PDA+PS media, and 18 strains of fungi were isolated. They were identified as Phoma herbarum, Peyronellaea calorpreferens, Cladosporim halotolerans based on morphological and molecular methods. Ph. herbarum and Pe. calorpreferens were isolated with high frequency, but C. halotolerans was isolated with low frequency. The fungal strains were deposited in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), and they shall be used for further related researches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.18-20
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• 1998

본 논문은 EBL 기반의 제어지식형 계획기에서 다양한 목표확장 방법을 사용하여 MEA의 불완전한 계획생성을 해결하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 계획기의 문제 공간을 탐색하는 방법 중 하나인 MEA는 현재상태와 목표상태의 차이를 줄이기 위하여 연산자를 선택한 후에, 연산자의 조건절을 현재상태가 만족하는지의 여부에 따라서 조건절의 부목표화를 결정한다. 그러나 이러한 목표확장 방법은 현재상태에서 만족된 부목표에 대한 목표확장을 하지않음으로써 문제공간 탐색에서 제한된 범위만을 탐색하므로 목표를 만족하는 최적의 계획을 생성할 수 없으며, 또한 문제를 해결하는 계획이 있음에도 불구하고 탐색범위의 제한으로 인해 계획을 생성하지 못하는 경우도 발생한다. 이와 같이 현재 상태에서 만족되어 목표확장을 하지 않은 부목표를 Anycase Subgoal이라 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 목표확장 방법은 ELB기반의 제어지식형 계획기를 Anycase Subgoal을 위하여 확장하는 방법으로 서, 초기의 문제공간 탐색에서 사용된 목표확장 방법에서 문제를 해결하지 못할 경우 탐색공간을 확장하여 문제를 해결하고, 문제에 적합한 목표확장 방법을 제어지식형 규칙으로 학습하여 유사한 문제에 대하여 효율적으로 계획을 생성한다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2012

In this study, simulation works for a carbon dioxide capture process using solvent absorption method have been performed for decrease of regeneration energy in applying phase transition of liquid solvent. When carbon dioxide is dissolved in 30 wt% MEA solvent, liquid mixture divided into two phase according to mole loading of dissolved carbon dioxide. Using this phenomenon, we can decrease regeneration energy about 61% than primary absorber column-stripper column process.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET belongs to the family of wide-band gap devices with inherit property of low switching and conduction losses. The stable operation of SiC MOSFET at higher operating temperatures has invoked the interest of researchers in terms of its application to high power density (HPD) power converters. This paper presents a performance study of SiC MOSFET based two-phase interleaved boost converter (IBC) for regulation of avionics bus voltage in more electric aircraft (MEA). A 450W HPD, IBC has been developed for study, which delivers 28V output voltage when supplied by 24V battery. A gate driver design for SiC MOSFET is presented which ensures the operation of converter at 250kHz switching frequency, reduces the miller current and gate signal ringing. The peak current mode control (PCMC) has been employed for load voltage regulation. The efficiency of SiC MOSFET based IBC converter is compared against Si counterpart. Experimentally obtained efficiency results are presented to show that SiC MOSFET is the device of choice under a heavy load and high switching frequency operation.