• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.51-72
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• 2011

The economic decline coincided with the crooked political path of Spanish monarchy that has been on an almost permanent state of war. The Spanish empire was divided and consequently, general impoverishment spread throughout the whole country quickly. Nevertheless Spanish culture reached the climax, especially in the field of painting. Spanish paintings of 17th century are basically religious based on concept of Baroque, whose theme is usually the immaculate conception or mysterious figures of saints. Velaquez, Mrillo, and Ribera are the main painters who represented the trend of this time. Despite having fame as religious court painters, they painted subjects from low society such as beggars in rags, dwarves, jesters, or the poor child. They reflected an optimistic expression and an awe for human being in their paintings greatly. In this paper, we are dealing with three main representative painters of Baroque era whose theme was a picaresque character. This character was one of the axes that coexisted with royals and nobles in 17th century of Spain. The art works that are dealt in this paper serve as materials for historial values and through them we can observe the atmosphere of decline that dominated Spain of the time.

• Proceedings of the SOHE Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 후프(hoop)의 기원 및 변천과정을 고찰해보고 시대별로 후프의 유형을 분류한 후, 포스트모더니즘 이후 더욱 다양해진 후프가 현대패션에서 어떻게 응용되고 있는지를 살펴봄으로써 후프의 역사적ㆍ미적 가치를 재인식하여 오늘날 복식디자인에 창조의 영감을 줄 수 있는 하나의 모티브를 제시하는데 있다. 후프가 발생하였던 르네상스시대에는 신 중심에서 인간중심으로 사고가 변화하면서, 복식에 있어서도 인간의 신체미를 과시하려는 의도로 인체의 실루엣을 과장ㆍ확대하고자 하였다. 따라서 속옷의 중요성과 역할에 따른 심미적인 기능이 복식에 절대적으로 필요하였고, 뿐만 아니라 기교적인 면에서 속옷에 요구되는 장식성은 어느 시대보다 절실하였다. 그 결과 겉옷이 확대되고, 이에 따라 속옷도 인체를 크게 보일 수 있는 후프가 고안되었다. 후프는 스커트를 부풀리기 위해 철사나 고래뼈 등을 세공하여 만든 테를 넣은 속치마를 말한다. 16세기 중엽 스페인에서 유행한 종형의 파딩게일(farthingale)을 시초로, 영국과 프랑스에서는 드럼형의 휠 파딩게일(wheel farthingale)과 오쓰뀌(hausse col)가 유행하였다. 17세기 초기에는 후프를 착용한 16세기 복식이 유행하였으나, 1625년 이후 슬림한 스타일의 17세기 복식이 유행하자 후프의 착용은 점차 쇠퇴하였다. 18세기에는 파니에(panier)가 유행하여 옆을 부풀린 스커트의 실루엣을 형성하였고, 19세기에는 크리놀린(crinoline), 벗슬(bustle)이 유행하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.62-70
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• 2021

2020 was a year in which the world spent in disorder due to the pandemic of Coronavirus infection-19(COVID-19). The pandemic was at the beginning of a turning point in history. For examples, the Black Death(Pest) that destroyed the feudal system of medieval Europe in the 14th century, smallpox that led to the destruction of the Inca Empire by Spain in the 17th century, and the Spanish flu that ended World War I early. The great transformation that will come after COVID-19 is presented from various fields and perspectives, but the understanding and direction of the transformation is ambiguous. This study attempts to derive and to analyze core terms based on a network of the future of globalization after COVID-19. Four Networks related to globalization, anti-globalization, and globalization and digitalization after COVID-19 were established respectively. A network integrating four networks was also constructed. The core terms were extracted from the hub nodes, the stress centrality, and the simplified network to which the K-core algorithm was applied. After COVID-19, the changes in globalization were analyzed from the extracted core terms. This study is thought to be meaningful to propose a method of deriving and analyzing core terms based on a network in understanding social changes after COVID-19.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.371-394
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• 2018

La estrella de Sevilla, is a representative masterpiece of the Golden Age of Spain, and is a tragic work of Lope de Vega, who was a representative drama writer living in the 17th century. However, regardless of its great literary value, there are insufficient researches on this drama even in Spain, due to several controversies surrounding the truth about Lope's creation. Here, this research concretely investigated the tragic characteristic of this drama, by largely dividing it into the viewpoint of Aristotle and Shakespeare. Thanks to the noble social status of the characters and proper dialogue of the hero Sancho Ortiz in trouble, there seems to be no problem in performing the cathartic function that Aristotle mentioned regarding the work in his review. However, there are a few problems in the aspect of the 'hero's free will to resist the absolute fate,' which is fundamentally the essence of the associated Aristotelian tragedy. Because, there's no Hamartia in this drama, the core mechanism that forms the absolute fate, makes the statement that accordingly, no absolute fate or irresistible force of destiny is established. Rather, the tragic characteristic of this drama can be more properly investigated from the viewpoint of Shakespeare. As noted differently from Aristotle, Shakespeare considered that the tragic characteristic came from the hero's characteristic. According to him, tragedy starts from the hero's value view and personality, instead of the external factors such as an absolute fate. Actually, Busto's death and separation between Sancho Ortiz and Estrella, two tragic affairs of La estrella de Sevilla, were caused by the crooked selfishness of King Sancho IV, who abused his authority, and Sancho Ortiz' excessively blind loyalty to the King, rather than the irresistible event. In conclusion, in light of a lethargic and hopeless situation, with no eventual choice of options before the injustice of absolute power, is must have been a significant tragedy for the audience, witnessing the play's tragic ending.