• 제목/요약/키워드: 15-nitrogen

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고압 밀도계의 보정에 대한 연구 (Calibration of High Pressure Vibrating Tube Densimeter)

  • 김화용;오경실;배원
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 넓은 범위의 온도(420 K), 압력(70 MPa)에서 밀도를 측정할 수 있는 Anton Paar DMA 512P vibrating tube densimeter를 보정하고, 장치의 건전성을 확인하였다. 보정을 위해서 기준물질로 물과 질소 그리고 물과 진공의 period를 측정하여 각각을 비교해보았다. 온도는 313.15부터 353.15 K까지 10 K 간격으로 5 isotherms를 측정하였고, 압력은 5부터 30 MPa까지 대략 5 MPa 간격으로 측정하였다. 또한 이산화탄소의 밀도를 측정하여 NIST에 보고된 밀도값과 비교해 보았다. 기준물질로 물과 진공보다 물과 질소를 사용하였을 때 더 좋은 결과를 보였고, 이산화탄소의 경우 측정범위 내에서는 오차가 대략 $0.3\%$로 비교적 낮은 결과를 보였으며 이로써 장치의 건전성을 확인하였다.

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피압대수층 지하수내 질소함유 원인연구: 질소, 산소, 수소동위원소 적용 (Nitrate Contamination of Confined Groundwaters: Application of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Isotopes)

  • 추창오;이병대;조병욱;성익환;지세정
    • 지질공학
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.285-294
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    • 2002
  • 피압대수층내 질소함유 원인규명을 위하여 질산성질소(NO3-N), 질소, 산소, 및 수소안정동위원소를 이용하였다. 전형적인 피압대수층인 먹는샘물업체의 지하수의 질산성질소를 분석한 결과, 1988-2001년 기간동안 60 여개의 먹는샘물 제조업체의 질산성질소의 총평균은 0.95 mg/$\ell$로서 매우 낮다. 이 기간동안 질산성질소의 함량이 지속적으로 2 mg/$\ell$ 이상으로 나타난 6개소에 대한 안정동위원소 분석결과, 산소동위원소 $\delta$8O 값은 -8.3~-11$\textperthousand$범위, 수소동위원소 $\delta$D 값은 약 -60~-75$\textperthousand$ 범위로서 전국 먹는샘물 지하수의 평균치와 흡사하다. 질소동위원소 $\delta$15N값은 -11.8~-5.1$\textperthousand$ 범위로서 가벼운 특성을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 본 연구대상 지하수의 질산성질소는 가축분뇨나, 유기질소, 또는 비료기원일 가능성은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Effect of reducing dietary crude protein level on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, and odor emissions in growing-finishing pigs

  • Aaron Niyonsaba;Xing Hao Jin;Yoo Yong Kim
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제36권10호
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    • pp.1584-1595
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a low-protein diet on growth performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and odor emissions in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 126 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of 38.56±0.53 kg were used for a 14-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to one of 6 treatments in 3 replicates of 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed each treatment diet with different levels of crude protein (CP). Phase 1 (early growing): 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%; phase 2 (late growing): 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%; phase 3 (early finishing): 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%; phase 4 (late finishing): 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%. All experimental diets in each phase were contained the same concentration of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp). Results: Over the entire experimental period, there was no significant difference in BW, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio among all treatments (p>0.05), but a quadratic effect (p = 0.04) was observed in average daily gain (ADG) during the late finishing phase with higher ADG in Group D. Blood urea nitrogen concentration linearly increased with an increase in dietary CP levels (p<0.01). Regarding nutrient digestibility, excreted nitrogen in urine and feces and nitrogen retention linearly increased as the CP level increased (p<0.01). A linear effect was observed with increasing CP levels in amines, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide in odor emissions (p<0.01). No significant effects were observed in the measurements of carcass traits and meat characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion: In phase feeding, reducing the CP level to 14% in early-growing pigs, 13% in late-growing pigs, 12% in early-finishing pigs, and 11% in late-finishing pigs is recommended.

염기성 아미노산의 과잉 투여가 흰쥐의 체중 및 혈액 중의 Urea Nitrogen 농도에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Excessive Basic Amino Acids in Supplemented Diet on the Weight Gain and Blood Urea Nitrogen Concentration of Mice)

  • 김순선;박영호
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 1982
  • 염기성 아미노산 (lysine, histidine, arginine)의 과잉투여가 흰쥐의 체중 및 혈액중의 urea nitrogen 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. $10\%$ casein 먹이와 염기성 아미노산이 각각 $5\%$씩 첨가된 먹이로 28일간 사육한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 염기성 아미노산이 과잉 투여된 군은 대조군($10\%$ casein diet)에 비하여 성장율과 사료 섭취율이 감소되었으며 L-histidine HCl 첨가군의 성장이 가장 저조했다. 2. 혈액중의 urea nitrogen 의 농도는 염기성 아미노산이 과잉 투여된 군이 대조군에 비하여 모두 높았으며 L-arginine 첨가군이 가장 높았다. 3. 혈액중의 urea nitron 농도는 사료에 포함된 질소의 양과 관계가 있으며 성장량과는 무관한 것으로 나타났다.

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미맥혼식(米麥混食)이 백서(白鼠)의 단백질(蛋白質) 대사(代謝)에 미치는 영향(影響) (The Effect on the Protein Metabolism in Albino Rats by feeding on the Rice Mixed with Wheat or Barley Diet)

  • 박세열
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 1973
  • Some effect on the protein metabolism in growing albino rats by feeding on the rice mixed with wheat or barley have been studied. The species of wheat and barley used in this experiment were either 80% polished or nonpolished wheat, barley and naked barley. The growing rats to be examined were fed on 30% wheat or barley mixed with rice diets for 8 weeks. The total nitrogen, creatinine, amino acid nitrogen and urea-nitrogen contents in the liver and the creatinine and urea-nitrogen contents in the urine have been measured. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The total nitrogen contents in the liver and the serum were no remarkable difference by feeding on each mixed diet, compared with the rice diet group. 2. The creatinine contents in the liver of the unpolished wheat and barley mixed diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diets. 3. The amino acid nitrogen contents in the liver of the polished naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the other mixed diets than the rice diet. 4. The urea-nitrogen contents in the serum of the polished wheat and naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the rice diet group, but these were significantly lower by feeding on the polished barley mixed with rice diets than the others. 5. The creatinine and the urea-nitrogen contents in the urine of the original wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups. In the view of the above results, it could be seen that the protein metabolism was remarkable change according to polish of the wheat and barley.

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제주지역에서 질소시비량 차이에 따른 양마의 생육특성, 수량 및 조성분 변화 (Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Agronomic characteristics, Forage Yield and Chemical Composition of Kenaf on Jeju Island)

  • 조남기;송창길;조영일;고지병
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2001
  • In order to determine the influence of nitrogen on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality, a Kenaf was cultured on the volcanic ash soil at the Experimental Farm of Cheju national University under the seven levels of nitrogen rates(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250kg/ha) from April 25 to Dec. 25, 1999. The plant height increased by increase of nitrogen rate, showing longest 250kg/ha with 286.6cm and shortest at no application plot with 255.7cm. The difference on leaf number, leaf withering number, stem diameter and branches number by nitrogen rate showed a similar tendency to the plant height. Increasing N rate from 0 to 250kg/ha fresh forage yield form 55.8 to 99.8MT/ha, dry matter (DM) yield from 8.8 to 15.8MT/ha, crude protein(CP) yield form 1.2 to 3.1MT/ha, total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.8 to 8.6MT/ha. However, no significant differences in these yields were found between 200 and 250kg N/ha. Nitrogen uptake increased form 192.9 to 496.2 kg/ha but N use efficiency decreased form 95.0 to 66.6 kg DM$^{a}$ /kg N with increasing from 0 to 250 kg/ha. As N rate increased from 0 to 250kg/ha, leaf and stem out of CP, crude fat (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), TDN contents increased from 20.1% to 25.8% and from 9.7% to 12.4%, from 5.6% to 8.1% and from 3.3% to 4.4%, from 36.1% to 40.2% and from 21.9% to 32.4%, from 59.3% to 75.0% and from 32.2% to 38.2%, respectively, while leaf and stem out of crude fiber decreased from 18.5% to 16.7% and from 51.5% to 39.3%. Based on the these findings, the optimum N rate for forage production of kenaf seems to be about 200 kg/ha in atmospheric phenomena and volcanic ash soils of jeju island.

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일부 공단지역 내 이산화질소의 개인노출 농도 및 건강위해성평가 (Personal Exposure Level and Health Risk Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide in an Industrial Area)

  • 전용택;양원호;유승도;이종대;손부순
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to estimate nitrogen dioxide levels and health risk in various locations/situations for two groups. The nitrogen dioxide levels were measured for residents of a study group (industrial area within 5 km) and a control group (15 km farther), respectively using the nitrogen dioxide filter badge as a passive sampler from August, 2006 to September, 2006. The means of indoor, outdoor, work and personal levels of nitrogen dioxide were $34.65{\pm}1.95\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $34.83{\pm}11.78\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $34.98{\pm}19.11$ and $35.38{\pm}10.74$ respectively in the study area. Mean ratio of indoor to outdoor $NO_2$ concentration was 0.99. The means of indoor, outdoor and personal level of nitrogen dioxide were $23.66{\pm}7.19\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $18.22{\pm}4.06\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $27.27{\pm}18.93\;{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively in the control area. Mean ratio of indoor to outdoor $NO_2$ concentration was 1.39. People spent 80.9% of their time in indoor at the study area and 76.9% at the control area. The percentages of time spent in outdoor were 14.9% and 20.9% at the study area and the control area respectively. The percentages of time spent in a car were 4.2% and 2.2% in the study and control areas respectively. The levels of indoor, outdoor, workplace nitrogen dioxide in the study area and the control area were found below the permissible level of health-hazardous effects.

전도성 광촉매를 이용한 콘크리트 블록의 대기중 질소산화물 저감에 관한 연구 (Improvement of Nitrogen Oxide Removal of Concrete Sidewalk Block Using by Conductive Photocatalyst)

  • 배근국;조인숙;안용식
    • 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.493-500
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구에서는 전도성 재료를 혼입한 광촉매 보도블록을 제조하여 질소산화물 제거율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 내구성이 향상된 블록을 제조하고자 하였다. 광촉매와 전도성 재료인 활성탄소를 혼입시 광촉매 효율이 향상되었으며 전도성 광촉매 콘크리트 블록의 경우 광촉매 콘크리트 블록보다 질소산화물 제거율이 2.5배 정도 향상되었다. 전도성 광촉매 시험편의 질소산화물 제거율이 높게 나타난 것은 전도성 재료인 활성탄소의 영향으로 TiO2 광분해로 인한 광전류가 많이 발생한 영향으로 볼 수 있으며 광촉매 시험편과 전도성 광촉매 시험편의 질소산화물 제거율 실험결과와 광전류 시험결과를 비교 분석하였다.

Nodulation Experiment by Cross-Inoculation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Root Nodules of Several Leguminous Plants

  • Ahyeon Cho;Alpana Joshi;Hor-Gil Hur;Ji-Hoon Lee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.570-579
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    • 2024
  • Root-nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria are known for being specific to particular legumes. This study isolated the endophytic root-nodule bacteria from the nodules of legumes and examined them to determine whether they could be used to promote the formation of nodules in other legumes. Forty-six isolates were collected from five leguminous plants and screened for housekeeping (16S rRNA), nitrogen fixation (nifH), and nodulation (nodC) genes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the bacterial isolates WC15, WC16, WC24, and GM5 were identified as Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, and Bradyrhizobium, respectively. The four isolates were found to have the nifH gene, and the study confirmed that one isolate (GM5) had both the nifH and nodC genes. The Salkowski method was used to measure the isolated bacteria for their capacity to produce phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA). Additional experiments were performed to examine the effect of the isolated bacteria on root morphology and nodulation. Among the four tested isolates, both WC24 and GM5 induced nodulation in Glycine max. The gene expression studies revealed that GM5 had a higher expression of the nifH gene. The existence and expression of the nitrogen-fixing genes implied that the tested strain had the ability to fix the atmospheric nitrogen. These findings demonstrated that a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Methylobacterium (WC24), isolated from a Trifolium repens, induced the formation of root nodules in non-host leguminous plants (Glycine max). This suggested the potential application of these rhizobia as biofertilizer. Further studies are required to verify the N2-fixing efficiency of the isolates.