• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.7.1-7.7
• /
• 2014

The recognition that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) possess potent anti-inflammatory properties in human models has prompted studies investigating their efficacy for animal growth and immunity. This study examined the effect of feeding an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet on growth and immune response of weanling piglets. Newly weaned pigs (averaging $27{\pm}2$ days of age and $8.1{\pm}0.7kg$ of body weight) were assigned randomly to receive a control (3% vegetable oil, n = 20) or n-3 PUFA-supplemented (3% marine n-3 PUFA, n = 20) diet for 28 day after weaning. Female pigs consuming the n-3 PUFA-enriched diet were lighter at week 4 post-weaning than those fed the vegetable oil supplement. Weanling pigs gained more weight, consumed more feed and had better growth to feed ratios between days 14 and 28 than between days 0 and 14 post-weaning. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) decreased between days 0 ($87.2{\pm}17.0ng/mL$) and 14 ($68.3{\pm}21.1ng/mL$) after weaning and then increased again by day 28 ($155.2{\pm}20.9ng/mL$). In piglets consuming the vegetable oil-enriched diet, plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) increased from $37.6{\pm}14.5$ to $102.9{\pm}16.6pg/mL$ between days 0 and 14 post-weaning and remained high through day 28 ($99.0{\pm}17.2pg/mL$). The TNF-${\alpha}$ increase detected in the piglets fed vegetable oil was not observed in the piglets fed n-3 PUFA. Results indicate that weaning induces considerable immune stress in piglets and that this stress can be mitigated by dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.755-757
• /
• 1993

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.1106-1110
• /
• 2000

New 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles 1,8-diallyl-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^2)$ and 1,8-bis(n-propyl)-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^3)$ have been prepared by direct react ion of 2,5,5,7,9,12,12,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^1)with$ allyl bromide or n-propyl bromide. The nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of $L^2andL^3have$ been prepared. The macrocycles show high copper(II) selectivity against nickel(II) ion in methanol solutions containing water. The wavelengths (ca. 505 nm) of the d-d bands for the nickel(II) complexes are extraordinarily longer than those for the complexes of $L^1and$ other related di-N-alkylated 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles. Crystal structure of $[NiL^2](ClO4)_2$ shows that the average Ni-N bond distance $(1.992\AA)$ of the complex is distinctly longer than those of other related nickel(II) complexes. Effects of the N- and C-substituents on the properties of the macrocyclic compounds are discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the antagonism of useful microbes against soybean sprout rotting pathogens and their effect on the growth of soybean sprouts. The antagonism against soybean sprout rotting pathogens and the effect on the growth of soybean sprouts were examined by using P. areofacience 14H-3, P. fluorescens R1-12 and B. cereus Yell, bacteria were shown to inhibit mycellial growth of Rhizotonia solani strongly. The results of this study are summarized as follows. P. areofacience 14H-3 and B. cereus Yell were highly antagonistic against Rizoctonia solani, while they were especially highly antagonistic against bacterial diseases. The effect of inhibiting the proliferation of soybean sprout rotting pathogens was also examined by adding the culture solution for antagonistic bacteria to the PDA. Both P. areofacience 14H-3 and P. fluorescens Rl-12 showed the inhibition rate of 78.8%, while B. cereus Yell did 52.9%. The fresh weight and length of soybean sprouts were measured after raising them with added antagonistic microbes and culture medium. Soybean sprouts treated with B. cereus Yell showed increased higher, compared with those not treated with it. Soybean sprouts were also raised in the culture solution with antagonistic bacteria to examine the growth of soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts treated with the culture solution of 200 times showed better growth than those not treated with it. Analyze proximate composition in soybean sprout showed that moisture, ash, total sugar did not appear difference, but in case of crude protein B. cereus Yell(8.9%) increased about 2 times than control(3.6%), but occasion of crude fat and crude fiber were P. areofacience 14H-3, P. fluorescens Rl-12 increased about each 2 times than control. In occasion of vitamin, bacterial antagonist(9.4∼10.8mg%) was more higher than control(9.9mg%).

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 1996

An externally applied magnetic field during annealing the $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B/Fe_{3}B$ based spring magnet was found to enhance the exchange coupling between the hard and soft magnetic grains. More than 30 % increase in remanence values for melt-spun $Nd_{4}Fe_{73.5}Co_{3}(Hf_{1-x}-Ga_{x})B_{18.5}$(x=0, 0.5, 1.0) alloys was resulted from uniform distribution of $Fe_{3}B$, $\alpha$-Fe as well as $(Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B)$, and also from reduced grain size of those phases by 20 %. The result also showed that there is an optimum grain size exhibiting a high coercivity value which will be discussed in terms of previously simulated exchange coupling parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.648-654
• /
• 1993

$[M(cyclam)X_2]Y(M=Co^{3+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Mn^{3+}\;:\;X=Cl-^,\;Br^-,\;NCS^-\;:\;Y=Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;NCS^-),\;[Co(trans-14-diene)X_2]Y(X=Cl^-,\;Br^-\;:\;Y=ClO_4^-)\;and\;[Co(trans-14-diene)](ClO_4)_2$ were able to activate an molecular oxygen under sodium borohydride. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol reacted with activated molecular oxygen to give 2,4-tert-butyl-1,6-benzoquinone(BQ) and 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyldiphenoquinone(DPQ). The saturated tetraazamacrocyclic complexes, $[Co(cyclam)X_2]Y$, were more an effective catalyst than $[Co(trans-14-diene)X_2]Y$ the unsaturated complexes in the formation of BQ and DPQ. The mole ratio of $O_2$ vs. catalyst $(O_2/M)$ for $[Co(cyclam)X_2]Y$ and [Co(trans-14-diene)X_2]Y$ was 1/1, while it was 1/2 for $[M(cyclam)Cl_2]Cl(M=Fe(III),\;Mn(III))$. The results suggested that Co(III)-macrocyclic complexes activated molecular oxygen as superoxolike ${O_2}^-$ and $[M(cyclam)Cl_2]Cl(M=Fe(III),\;Mn(III))$ activated that as peroxolike $O_2^{2-}$.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 1998

Unaided visual acuity was tested by ACP-7 TOPCON chart projector on 376 kindergarteners and objective refraction error was measured by NIDEK ARK-700A auto-refractokeratometer on 554 eyes aged 3 to 5. The results were as follows ; The average unaided visual acuity of children aged 3 was 0.82, aged 4 was 0.90 and aged 5 was 0.92 respectively theerfore children s visual acuity has been gradually developed with their age. The kind of refractive error was 1% for hyperopia, 14% for hyperopic astigmatism, 3% for myopia, 50% for myopic astigmatism, 18% for mixed astigmatism and 14% for emmetropia respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.666-674
• /
• 2022

Background: Ginsenosides and their metabolites have antidepressant-like effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously identified 14-3-3 ζ as one of the target proteins of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a fully deglycosylated ginsenoside metabolite. Methods: Corticosterone (CORT) was administered repeatedly to induce the depression model, and PPD was given concurrently. The tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST) were used for behavioral evaluation. All mice were sacrificed. Golgi-cox staining, GSK 3β activity assay, and Western blot analysis were performed. In vitro, the kinetic binding analysis with the Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) was used to determine the molecular interactions. Results: TST and FST both revealed that PPD reversed CORT-induced behavioral deficits. PPD also ameliorated the CORT-induced expression alterations of hippocampal Ser9 phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-Ser9 GSK 3β), Ser133 phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-Ser133 CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, PPD attenuated the CORT-induced increase in GSK 3β activity and decrease in dendritic spine density in the hippocampus. In vitro, 14-3-3 ζ protein specifically bound to p-Ser9 GSK 3β polypeptide. PPD promoted the binding and subsequently decreased GSK 3β activity. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antidepressant-like effects of PPD on the CORT-induced mouse depression model and indicated a possible target-based mechanism. The combination of PPD with the 14-3-3 ζ protein may promote the binding of 14-3-3 ζ to p-GSK 3β (Ser9) and enhance the inhibition of Ser9 phosphorylation on GSK 3β kinase activity, thereby activating the plasticity-related CREBeBDNF signaling pathway.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 1989

The amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved during the $^{14}C-bentazon$ aging in soil for 3 and 6 months were 6.1 and 14.8% of the original radioactivity, respectively. The presence of earthworms in soil tended to increase the uptake of $^{14}C-bentazon$ by the roots of rice plants, even if it was not statistically significant. The evolution of $^{14}CO_2$ from $^{14}C-bentazon$ in soil increased in the presence of rice plants and earthworms compared with in the absence of them. The uptake of $^{14}C-bentazon$ residues by rice plants decreased remarkably with increasing the aging period within the limit of 3 months both in the absence and presence of earthworms, but there is not much difference between 3-month-aging and 6-month-aging. Much larger amounts of $^{14}C-labelled$ compounds were translocated to the shoots, compared with the data from a previous investigation using maize plants. The amount of non-extractable bound residue increased remarkably with the aging period up to 3 months. The polarity of the compounds extracted from soil increased with the aging and the growing of rice plants, indicating the formation of some polar metabolites.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.49 no.11
• /
• pp.629-634
• /
• 2016

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 (TMCC3) has been reported to be expressed in the human brain; however, its function is still unknown. Here, we found that expression of TMCC3 is higher in human whole brain, testis and spinal cord compared to other human tissues. TMCC3 was expressed in mouse developing hind brain, lung, kidney and somites, with strongest expression in the mesenchyme of developing tongue. By expression of recombinant TMCC3 and its deletion mutants, we found that TMCC3 proteins self-assemble to oligomerize. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy data revealed that TMCC3 proteins are localized in endoplasmic reticulum through transmembrane domains. Based on immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy data, TMCC3 proteins associate with TMCC3 and 14-3-3 proteins. This supports the idea that TMCC3 proteins form oligomers and that 14-3-3 may be involved in the function of TMCC3. Taken together, these results may be useful for better understanding of uncharacterized function of TMCC3.