• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.655-659
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• 1998

The effect of quenching speed of melt-spinning on intrinsic coercivity ($_iH_c$$) of annealed ribbons and the crystallization behavior from amorphous $Nd_{14.73}Fe_{78.67}B_{6.60}$ alloy have been studied. We have found that the intrinsic coecivity for annealed melt-spun ribbon is reduced with increasing of quenching rate. $\alpha$-Fe and $Fe_3B$ were formed as intermediate phases prior to the formation of $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ phase during crystallization. The $Fe_3B$ is disappeared with crystallization of $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ phase. But the $\alpha$-Fe phase is retained in fully crystallized ribbon by annealing. The intrinsic coercivity loss of annealed ribbon with increasing of quenching speed is believed to be due to existence of soft magnetic phase $\alpha$-Fe in annealed ribbons.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 1986

The $^{93}Nb(n,n\alpha)^{89m}Y$, $^{93}Nb(n,{\alpha})^{90m}Y$ and $^{93}Nb(n,2n)^{92m}Nb$ cross sections at a neutron energy of 14.6 MeV have been measured relative to the $^{27}Al(n,p)^{27}Mg$ and $^{27}Al(n,{\alpha})^{24}Na$ cross sections. A small accelerator utilizing $T(D,n)^4He$ reaction was used as a neutron source and the neutron energy spread is about 0.4MeV at the sample. All induced activities were measured with a 70cc HPGe detector in the same geometry.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.509-512
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• 1998

Changes in the contents of stachyose and raffinose were determined during soybean fermentation. ${\alpha}$-Galactosidase activities were also monitored in soybean and its fermented products. The stachyose contents were 31.8239 mg/g of soybean, 4.2217 mg/g of Meju, and 2.1184 mg/g of Doenjang. The raffinose contents were 2.6914 mg/g of soybean, 1.7413 mg/g of Meju, and negligible of Doenjang. ${\alpha}$-Galactosidase activities was distinct in soybean and Meju. They were 14.5954 units/mg protein of soybean, 13.1489 units/mg protein of Meju, and 1.9157 units/mg protein of Doenjang. The results suggested that the decrease of stachyose and raffinose contents in fermented soy products were due to the ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 1998

The ligand binding signals to a wide variety of seven transmembrane cell surface receptors are transduced into intracellular signals through heterotrimeric G-proteins. Recently, there have been reports which show diverse coupling patterns of ligand-activated receptors to the members of Gq family $\alpha$ subunits. In order to shed some light on these complex signal processing networks, interactions between G$\alpha$q family of G protein and neurokinin-2 receptor as well as muscarinic M$_{1}$ receptor, which are considered to be new thearpeutic targets in asthma, were studied. Using washed membranes from Cos-7 cells co-transfected with different G.alpha.q and receptor cDNAs, the receptors were stimulated with various concentrations of carbachol and neurokinin A and the agonist-dependent release of [$^3H$]inositol phosphates through phospholipase C beta-1 activation was measured. Differential coupling of Gaq family of G-protein to muscarinic M$_{1}$ receptor and neurokinin-2 receptor was observed. The neurokinin-2 receptor shows a ligand-mediated response in membranes co-transfected with G$\alpha$q, G$\alpha$11 and G$\alpha$14 but not G$\alpha$16 and the ability of the muscarinic $M_1$ receptor to activate phospholipase C through G$\alpha$/11 but not G$\alpha$14 and G$\alpha$16 was demonstrated. Clearly G$\alpha$/11 can couple $\M_1$ and neurokinin-2 receptor to activate phospholipase C. But, there are differences in the relative coupling of the G$\alpha$14 and G$\alpha$16 subunits to these receptors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.1286-1287
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• 2006

[ $Nd_2Fe_{14}B/{\alpha}-Fe$ ] nanocomposite powders with a nominal composition of $Nd_{12}Fe_{82}B_6$ were prepared by HDDR combined with mechanical milling. The microstructure was studied by Mossbauer spectrometry and TEM. The magnetic properties were investigated by VSM using bonded magnet samples. The results showed that the annealing temperature had significant influence on both the recombination kinetics and the grain size of the $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ and ${\alpha}-Fe$ phases, and the bonded magnets presented the best magnetic properties when the nanocomposite powders were prepared by annealing at $760^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1390-1392
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.241-251
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture at GB14, on brain activity assessed on an electroencephalogram(EEG). Methods : (1) Thirty-four healthy participants were randomly divided into two groups, receiving either real acupuncture or non-penetrating sham acupuncture at GB14. (2) EEG measurements were conducted simultaneously before and after a 5-minute electroacupuncture stimulation, and the differences in the resulting EEG parameters were compared between the test and control groups. Results : (1) Absolute power increased significantly in the theta-wave channel of the occipital region and in the entire alpha-wave channel. (2) Relative power decreased significantly in the theta-wave channels of the frontal and occipital regions. (3) Coherence decreased significantly in the theta- and beta-wave channels of the parietal and occipital regions, and increased significantly in the alpha-wave channels of most areas. Conclusions : This study shows that electroacupuncture stimulation at GB14 activates the alpha frequency band in particular.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 1996

Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of $^{14}C-{\alpha}-Endosulfan$[1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-8,9,10-=trinorborn-5-en 2,3-ylenebismethylene]sulfite) were studied in male mouse(Balb/c) after single intraperitoneal treatment as the dose level of 7.5 mg/kg body weights. After treatment of $^{14}C-{\alpha}-endosulfan$, the radioactivity was rapidly excreted into the urine(63.9 %) within 4 days, thereafter the excretion ratio was constant. Radioactivity levels in the tissues was reached maximum 0.5 hr in heart, 2 hrs in liver and kidney after the treatment, then decreased with time. Endosulfan was metabolized to ${\beta}-endosulfan({\beta}-E)$, endosulfan ether(EE), endosulfan sulfate(ES), and endosulfan alcohol(EA). The main metabolites were EA(13.25 %) in liver and endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE)(19.37 %) in kidney. The urinary metabolites were EA(43.21 %), ES(4.78 %), ${\beta}-E$(7.21 %), EE(3.72 %) and EHE(18.04 %).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 2017

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase beta ($IKK{\beta}$) plays a critical role in cell proliferation and inflammation in various cells by activating $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling. However, the interrelationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) and $IKK{\beta}$ in cell proliferation is not clear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of $PPAR{\alpha}$ in the hepatic cell death in the absence of $IKK{\beta}$ gene using liver-specific Ikkb-null ($Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$) mice. To examine the function of $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in hepatic cell death, wild-type ($Ikkb^{F/F}$) and $Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$ mice were treated with $PPAR{\alpha}$ agonist Wy-14,643 (0.1% w/w chow diet) for two weeks. As a result of Wy-14,643 treatment, apoptotic markers including caspase-3 cleavage, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and TUNEL-positive staining were significantly decreased in the $Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$ mice. Surprisingly, Wy-14,643 increased the phosphorylation of p65 and STAT3 in both Ikkb and $Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$ mice. Furthermore, BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased in both groups after treatment with Wy-14,643. Our results suggested that $IKK{\beta}-derived$ hepatic apoptosis could be altered by $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in conjunction with activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and STAT3 signaling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6761-6767
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• 2013

The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), is expressed in various cancer cells including breast, prostate, colorectal and cervical examples. An endogenous ligand of $PPAR{\gamma}$, 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$ prostaglandin $J_2$ (PGJ2), is emerging as a potent anticancer agent but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated, especially in breast cancer. The present study compared the anticancer effects of PGJ2 on estrogen receptor alpha ($ER{\alpha}$)-positive (MCF-7) and $ER{\alpha}$-negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells. Based on the reported signalling cross-talk between $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\alpha}$, the effect of the $ER{\alpha}$ ligand, $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) on the anticancer activities of PGJ2 in both types of cells was also explored. Here we report that PGJ2 inhibited proliferation of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing apoptotic cell death with active involvement of mitochondria. The presence of E2 potentiated PGJ2-induced apoptosis in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. The $ER{\alpha}$ antagonist, GW9662, failed to block PGJ2-induced activities but potentiated its effects in MCF-7 cells, instead. Interestingly, GW9662 also proved capable of inducing apoptotic cell death. It can be concluded that E2 enhances $ER{\alpha}$-independent anticancer effects of PGJ2 in the presence of its receptor.