• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

The goal of this study was to isolate wild yeasts from reed fields in the Seocheon-gun county in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Molecular analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA of the yeasts isolated from soil samples was performed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). In total, 20 yeast strains from 11 species were isolated from 20 different soil samples. Candida species were observed to be the most common yeasts. Of these 20 strains, Candida subhashii (6 strains), Candida tropicalis (3 strains), Candida boleticola MS008, and Lachancea thermotolerans (2 strains) were identified as alcohol-fermenting yeasts. Further, Bullera japonica YJ10-1, Candida subhashii J7-1, Kluyveromyces yarrowii YJ11-1, and Ustilago shanxiensis Y10-1 were newly recorded yeast strains in Korea, and therefore, their microbiological characteristics were investigated further. All of these unrecorded yeast strains had oval cells; only Candida subhashii J7-1 formed ascospores and pseudomycelia. Kluyveromyces yarrowii YJ11-1 grew in vitamin-free medium, and all of these strains, except Candida subhashii J7-1, grew in 5% NaCl-containing YPD broth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1947-1956
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• 2019

The gut microbiome influences the health and well-being of dogs. However, little is known about the impact of breed on the fecal microbiome composition in dogs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiome in three breeds of dog fed and housed under the same conditions, namely eight Maltese (8.0 ± 0.1 years), eight Miniature Schnauzer (8.0 ± 0.0 years), and nine Poodle dogs (8.0 ± 0.0 years). Fresh fecal samples were collected from the dogs and used to extract metagenomic DNA. The composition of the fecal microbiome was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq platform. A total of 840,501 sequences were obtained from the 25 fecal samples and classified as Firmicutes (32.3-97.3% of the total sequences), Bacteroidetes (0.1-62.6%), Actinobacteria (0.2-14.7%), Fusobacteria (0.0-5.7%), and Proteobacteria (0.0-5.1%). The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in the Maltese dog breed than that in the other two breeds, while that of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in the Maltese than in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Turicibacter, Succinivibrio, and Anaerobiospirillum differed significantly among the three dog breeds. These genera had no correlation with age, diet, sex, body weight, vaccination history, or parasite protection history. Within a breed, some of these genera had a correlation with at least one blood chemistry value. This study indicates that the composition of the fecal microbiome in dogs is affected by breed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2012

For screening of useful enzymes producing microorganisms from Meju, we isolated high lipase producing strains and their lipolytic enzyme activities were then tested. The lipolytic enzyme activities of isolated microorganisms were therefore tested on the Y124 strain. The gene sequence analysis of ITS from Y124 strain revealed Yarrowia lipolytica. Lipase production by the Y124 strain was studied in media containing various carbon sources. The Y124 strain drastically increased lipolytic enzyme activity in YPO media containing olive oil, as well as in YPDO media containing both olive oil and glucose. Maximal lipase production was achieved in YPD (yeast extract-peptone-D-glucose) media containing 0.7% olive oil when cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 hrs. The lipase produced from the Y124 strain showed the highest activity in p-NPO (p-nitrophenyl octanoate ($C_8$)), amongst the various p-nitrophenyl esters.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Soil carbon sequestration has been investigated for a long time because of its potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect. No- or reduced tillage, crop rotations, or cover crops have been investigated and practiced to sequester carbon in soils but the roles of soil biota, particularly microorganisms, have been mostly ignored although they affect the amount and stability of soil organic matters. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study we analyzed the organic matter and microbial community in organically cultivated corn field soils where no-tillage (NT) or conventional tillage (CT) had been practiced for about three years. The amounts of organic matter and recalcitrant carbon pool were 18.3 g/kg dry soil and 4.1 g C/kg dry soil, respectively in NT soils, while they were 12.4 and 2.5, respectively in CT soils. The amounts of RNA and DNA, and the copy numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS sequences were higher in NT soils than in CT soils. No-tillage treatment increased the diversities of soil bacterial and fungal communities and clearly shifted the bacterial and fungal community structures. In NT soils the relative abundances of bacterial phyla known as copiotrophs, Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, increased while those known as oligotrophs, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, decreased compared to CT soils. The relative abundance of a fungal phylum, Glomeromycota, whose members are known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, was about two time higher in NT soils than in CT soils, suggesting that the higher amount of organic matter in NT soils is related to its abundance. CONCLUSION: This study shows that no-tillage treatment greatly affects soil microbial abundance and community structure, which may affect the amount and stability of soil organic matter.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is novel DNA amplification methods that amplifies a target sequence specifically under isothemal condition. The present study was to assess the in vitro viability afier biopsy and sexing rate of different types of embryo biopsied. In vivo compact morulae and blastocyst embryos were obtained from Korean Native Cow (KNC) superovulated with FSH (Antorin, R-10) on 7 Day after artificial insemination. in vitro compact morulae and blastocyst embryos were obtained with KNC or Holsteins that were gained on 6, 7 or 8 day after in vitro fertilization(IVF) with frozen semen. Biopsy of bovine embryo was carried out in a $80{\mu}l$ drop with $Ca^{2+}-Mg^{2+}$ free D-PBS and the viability of biopsied embryos were evaluated in IVMD (IFP, Japan) medium at 12 hrs culture time. The sex ratio of biopsied Hanwoo embryos were male vs. female of $43.5\%\;vs.\;56.5\%$ in vivo and $33.9\%\;vs.\;49.2\%$ in vitro respectively, and male rate of biopsied Holstein embryos were significantly higher than female $(70.8\;vs.\;29.2\%)$. and indefinite rate of in vitro embryos was $16.9\%$ and in vivo was not. The degeneration rate of biopsied embryo, in vitro embryos were significantly higher than in vivo $(13.2\%\;vs,\;0.0\%,\;p<0.05)$. The survivability of in vivo embryo were between biopsied following punching method was significantly (P<0.05) higher than bisection method produced embryos $(100\%\;vs.\;83.3\%)$ and in vitro had no difference. However, the degeneration rate of biopsied embryo by bisection method was significantly higher than punching methods between in vivo and in vitro $(16.7\;vs.\;22.6\%,\;respectively,\;p<0.05)$. In conclusion, these results indicate that punching method was optimal and survivability after embryo biopsy was useful for reducing the damage caused by the embryo biopsy procedure for LAMP-based embryo sexing.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2009

We tried to analyze the HPV prevalence and HPV genotypes of sexually high-risk women living in Busan, the biggest seaport of South Korea. Six hundred sixty women engaging in high-risk occupations participated in this study. The prevalence of HPV infection and HPV genotyping were determined with $MyGene^{(R)}$ HPVDNA chip, which consisted of 16 high-risk HPV genotypes (oncogenic genotypes) and 8 low-risk HPV genotypes. The overall prevalence of HPV infection in this study population was 39.1% (258/660) and the 20's showed the highest prevalence of HPV infection (51.5%). The dominant HPV genotypes including single or multiple HPV-infected women were resulted in HPV-16 (15.9%), -53 (10.2%), -58 (7.7%), -18 (5.2%) in case of high-risk HPV genotype and HPV-70 (10.4%), -6 (4.1%), -11 (2.0%) in case of low-risk HPV genotypes. Remarkably, the proportion of women infected with high-risk HPV genotypes (62.0%) was almost four times higher than those of women infected with low-risk HPV genotypes (14.7%) and high/low-risk HPV genotypes (12.0%). Among the 258 HPV-infected women, single infection was 175, double infection 66, triple infection 12, quadruple infection 4, quintuple infection 1, respectively. Our finding suggests that the introduction and development of effective HPV vaccines should consider the current status of HPV genotypic infection in South Korean women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.89-119
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• 2004

This study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli having probiotic characteristics to be used as health adjuncts with fermented milk products. Acid tolerant strains were selected in Lactobacilli MRS broth adjusted to pH 4.0 from 80 healthy persons (infants, children and adults). And bile tolerant strains were examined in Lactobacilli MRS broth in which 1.0% bile salt was added. By estimation above characteristics, the strains No. 27, which was isolated from adult feces, was selected and identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius based on carbohydrate fermentation and 16S rDNA sequencing. It was used as a probiotic strain in fermented milk products. The pH of fermented milk decreased from pH 6.7 to 5.0 and titratable acidity increased from 0.3% to 1.0% by L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (isolation strain 20, 35, and 37), when incubated for 36 h at $37^{\circ}C$. The number of viable cell counts of fermented milk was maximized at this incubation condition. The SDS-PAGE evidenced no significant change of casein but distinct changes of whey protein were observed by isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius for titratable acidity being incubated by $0.9{\sim}1.0%$ at $37^{\circ}C$. All of the strains produced 83.43 to 131.96 mM of lactic acid and 5.39 to 26.85 mM of isobutyric acid in fermented products. The in vitro culture experiment was performed to evaluate ability to reduce cholesterol levels and antimicrobial activity in the growth medium. The selected L. salivarius subsp. salivarius reduced $23{\sim}38%$ of cholesterol content in lactobacilli MRS broth during bacterial growth for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. All of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had an excellent antibacterial activity with $15{\sim}25$ mm of inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, S. enteritidis KCCM3313, S. typhimurium M-15, and S. typhimurium KCCM40253 when its pH had not been adjusted. Also, all of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had partial inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, E. coli KCTC0115 and S. enteritidis KCCM3313 when it had been adjusted to pH 5.7. The selected strains were determined to have resistances of twelve antibiotic. Strains 27 and 35 among the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius showed the highest resistance to the antibiotics. Purified ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was obtained by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography, Mono-Q ion exchange chromatography and HPLC column chromatography from L. salivarius subsp. salivarius 27. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8,994 units/mg protein, representing an 17.09 folds purification of the original cell crude extract. The molecular weight of enzyme was identified about 53,000 dalton by 12% SDS-PAGE. Optimal temperature and pH for activity of this enzyme were $40^{\circ}C$ and 7.0 respectively. The enzyme was found to be stable between 25 and $50^{\circ}C$. ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity was lost rapidly below pH 5.0 and above pH 9.0. This enzyme was liberated galactose from melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, and also the hydrolysis rate of substrate was compound by HPLC. These results indicated that some of the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (strain 27 and 35) are considered as effective probiotic strains with a potential for industrial applications, but the further study is needed to establish their use as probiotics in vivo.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2005

The uptake of glucose for metabolism and growth is essential to most animal cells and is mediated by glucose transport protein. In the glucose transport protein family, GLUT4 plays a key role in cellular glucose uptake stimulated by insulin in skeletal muscles and adipose tissue in rodents and human. In this studies, we reported the identification, characterization, and expression of Hanwoo GLUT4 gene. The Hanwoo GLUT4 cDNA includes a 1527 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 509 amino acids. The GLUT4 amino acid sequences of the Hanwoo show strong conservation with the corresponding sequences reported in other species. The highest mRNA expression of GLUT4 was detected in heart and lower expression was detected in rib meat, sirloin, and colon. We confirmed the expression of GLUT4 in the subcutaneous and small intestinal adipose tissue using RT-PCR. To investigate the expression of GLUT4 in the bovine intramuscular adipose differentiation, fibroblast-like cells were isolated from the sirloin of Hanwoo bull aged 12 months by collagenase digestion of minced tissue and cultured with activators of PPAR gamma. We identified that GLUT4 mRNA expression decreased during differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocyte in Korean cattle. These results indicated that function of GLUT4 in bovine adipose tissue was different from that of mouse and human.