• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2004

Recently phage K11 lysozyme was cloned and characterized in our lab. The K11 lysozyme was identified to have dual functions. It not only cuts a peptidoglycan bond in bacterial cell wall but also acts as an inhibitor of K11 RNA polymerase. It has been known that the T7 lysozyme binds specifically to T7 RNA polymerase and inhibits transcription. The dual activities of K11 lysozyme are atreeable to the case of T7 phage lysozyme and RNA polymerare. In order to identify the binding magnitude of K11 lysozyme with K11 RNA polymerase, yeast two-hybrid system was used. K11 phage lysozyme gene was introduced into pLexA plasmid and used as a prey. Also, K11 phage RNA polymerase gene was introduced into pJG4-5 and used as a bait. The binding between K11 lysozyme and K11 RNA polymerase was demonstrated by expression of reporter genes such as lacZ and leu2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1489-1495
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• 2014

Wnt is a powerful signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in cell fate determination, survival, proliferation and motility during development, in adult tissues and cancer. The aims of the present study were three fold: i) to assess Wnt11 immunoexpression and its possible relationship with Wnt5a in high- and low-grade human serous ovarian cancer (HGSC and LGSC) specimens; ii) to assess Wnt11 expression levels in Wnt5a overexpressing SKOV-3 cells; iii) to reveal the role of Wnt11 in viability, adhesion, migration and invasion of SKOV-3 cells using recombinant human Wnt11 (rhWnt11). Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant difference in Wnt11 expression between HGSC and LGSC groups (p=0.001). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between Wnt5a and Wnt11 expression in the HGSC (r=0.713, p=0.001), but not the LGSC group. The expression of Wnt11 was decreased by 35% in Wnt5a overexpressing cells (SKOV-3/Wnt5a) compared to mock controls. Similarly Wnt11 expression levels were decreased by 47% in the presence of exogenous Wnt5a compared to untreated cells. In the presence of rhWnt11, 31% increased cell viability (p<0.001) and 21% increased cell adhesion to matrigel (p<0.01) were observed compared to control. Cell migration was increased by 1.6-fold with rhWnt11 as revealed by transwell migration assay (p<0.001). However, 45% decreased cell invasion was observed in the presence of rhWnt11 compared to control (p<0.01). Our results may suggest that differential Wnt11 immunoexpression in HGSC compared to LGSC could play important roles in serous ovarian cancer progression and may be modulated by Wnt5a expression levels.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2317-2322
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• 2009

In this paper, look into the applicable communication for unmanned vehicle system development, and make an alternative idea to IEEE 802.11a. "IEEE 802.11a" is differently from "IEEE 802.11b/g"-which used to 2.4GHz ISM band-as it use OFDM modulation system of 5GHz band, as contrasted with "IEEE 802.11b/g" of ISM band, it has advantage against falling-off the capability caused by interfered, and provide maximum 54Mbps communication speed. Made a priority tested Soft Roaming and Hard Roaming to ensure the sound boom of unmanned vehicle in the flat parking. According to the each effect value, Present a most suitable method of applicable to "IEEE 802.11a" to unmanned vehicle system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1991

Rhizopus nigricans produces 11.alpha.-hydroxyprogesternoe with a unidentified byproduct, which is hardly separated. Results of chromatography, IR and NMR spectroscopy identified the byproduct to be 11.alpha.-hydroxy-allopregnane-3,20-dione. R. nigricans was found to transform progesternoe into a monoform intermediate, 11.alpha.-hydroxyprogesterone, from which 11.alpha.-hydroxy-allopregnane-3,20-dione and 6.betha., 11.alpha. - dihydroxyprogesterone were formed respectively by 5.alpha.-reduction and 6.betha.-hydroxylation.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: This research aims to facilitate a smooth transition from KCD-8 to ICD-11 through the study of ICD-11. Research design, data and methodology: Skilled Health Information Managers (HIMs) in Korea performed manual mapping and conducted a study of the code structure of ICD-11 chapters 11 and 12. Results: When comparing the granularity between ICD-11 and KCD-8, 58.1% of ICD-11 codes showed higher granularity, and 38.6% had similar granularity. The granularity of the circulatory system was higher than that of the respiratory system. When comparing the KCD-8 codes mapped by ICD-11 with the total 924 KCD-8 codes, it was found that about 50% of KCD-8 codes were not mapped to ICD-11. This means that 50% of diseases in the KCD-8 do not have individual codes as they did in ICD-11. Conclusions: ICD-11 demonstrated high granularity, indicating its effectiveness in describing cutting-edge medical technology in modern society. However, we also observed that some diseases were removed from KCD-8, while others were added to ICD-11. To ensure smooth statistics transition from KCD8 to ICD-11, especially for leading domestic diseases, integrated management, including the preparation of KCD-9 reflecting ICD-11 and ICD-11 training, will be necessary through the analysis of new codes and the removal of codes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1613-1621
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the rate adaptation scheme and suggests applicable strategy of the MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme) for improving DCF throughput in the IEEE 802.11ad and 802.11ad wireless LAN. IEEE 802.11ac and 802.11ad wireless LAN provide MCS technique that dynamically adjusts modulation level and code rate to the time-varying channel conditions in order to obtain considerably high data rates. But these standards did not provide rate adaptation algorithm, so this paper surveyes rate adaptation algorithm and suggests MCS scheme applied to IEEE 802.11ac and 802.11ad wireless LAN. Specially A MAC(Medium Access Control) layer throughput is evaluated over error-prone channel in the IEEE 802.11ac-based wireless LAN. In this evaluation, DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) protocol and A-MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit Aggregation) scheme are used. Using theoretical analysis method, the MAC saturation throughput is evaluated with the PER (Packet Error Rate) on the condition that the number of station, transmission probability, the number of parallel beams and the number of frames in each A-MPDU are variables.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.4C
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• pp.330-335
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• 2008

This paper proposes a packet detection algorithm for IEEE802.11n system. IEEE802.11n is a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system and we have to consider several combining techniques which are used in multiple receive antenna system. In this paper, we propose a hybrid packet detection algorithm which combines double sliding window algorithm or delay and correlation algorithm, that is used in single input single output (SISO) system, and multiple receive antenna combining algorithms, and simulated their performances in Iin system environments and shows the results.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

Carbon-11 is one of the most sensitive and desirable positron emission tomography radio-isotope, which offers the capacity to be incorporated, through a covalent bond, into biologically active molecules without altering their biological properties. Carbon-11 can be obtained from the cyclotron with two different chemical forms: $[^{11}C]CO_2$ and $[^{11}C]CH_4$. [$^{11}C$]Methyl iodide has been widely used as a highly reactive labelling precursor that can be applied to label carbon-11 with biologically active molecules via alkylation of N-, O-, or S-nucleophiles. A more recent and still challenging labeling method is transition metal mediated $^{11}C$-carbonylation. Advances in organic chemistry, radiochemistry and improved automated techniques greatly encourage researchers to develop more carbon-11 labelled radiotracers for molecular imaging studies. This mini-review will introduce a historical track of carbon-11 chemistry combining with examples and its role in near future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.8A
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• pp.640-647
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• 2009

IEEE 802.11i is an amendment to the original IEEE 802.11/b,a,g standard specifying security mechanism by stipulating RSNA for tighter security. The RSNA uses TKIP(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) and CCMP(Counter with CBC-MAC Protocol) instead of old-fashioned WEP(Wired Equivalent Privacy) for data encryption. This paper describes a design of a communication security engine for IEEE 802.11i MAC layer. The design includes WEP and TKIP modules based on the RC4 encryption algorithm, and CCMP module based on the AES encryption algorism. The WEP module suffices for compatibility with the IEEE 802.11 b,a,g MAC layer. The CCMP module has about 816.7Mbps throughput at 134MHz, hence it satisfies maximum 600Mbps data rate described in the IEEE 802.11n specifications. We propose a pipelined AES-CCMP cipher core architecture, which has lower hardware cost than existing AES cores, because CBC mode and CTR mode operate at the same time.