• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

Purpose : To check the legal relation between rescue team and patient as well as legal responsibility for patient's damage intentionally or erroneously caused by rescue member, a public official, in the performance of relevant job ; to prevent legal dispute over rescue team and to present program for fair settlement of dispute and equitable and feasible burden of damage. Method : First, the legal principle of Civil Law, Criminal Law and Administrative Law related to the theme of this research will be investigated around research by literature. Second, the case of dispute related to rescue team will be introduced. Result: 1. If 119 rescue members as a public official intentionally or erroneously cause damage to patient in the performance of job, they shall bear civil, criminal and administrative responsibility. They shall bear civil responsibility for indemnity for damage due to default or tort. The typical criminal responsibility includes accidental homicide arising out of duty, preparing falsified official document, dereliction of duty, etc. In the administrative side, the state is responsible for indemnity for peculiar status of the rescue member, public official. 2. Though raising civil petition or legal dispute over unsatisfactory rescue service may be reasonable to guarantee the right of nation, such action may cause stress to rescue member as well as may lead to mental shrinking and defensive attitude only to take the basic first aid treatment which has low possibility of mistake instead of active first aid treatment so as to avoid legal responsibility. 3. The program that may prevent legal dispute over 119 rescue team includes expansion of manpower specialized in first aid treatment, enhancement of education on legal environment, development and application of standard job guideline, formation of mutual trust with patient, detailed explanation, preparing and keeping minute record, improvement of the rescue members' ability of first aid treatment and development of medical instruction mode. Conclusion : The best policy is to prevent legal dispute. If it is impossible to basically exclude the possibility of dispute, however, we need to make effort to minimize the occurrence, settle fairly and divide damage equitably and feasibly. To improve the preventible death rate of our first aid system to the level of advanced country, 119 rescue team which is in charge of the stage before hospital needs to positively enforce special first aid by improving the qualitative level of rescue service and to strive to prevent legal dispute that may occur in the process.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2020

이 연구는 화재진압 및 구조·구급현장에서 응급환자 대응을 위한 골든타임 확보를 위한 해결방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 골든타임은 법제적, 사회적 공감 뿐 아니라 시스템 구축을 위한 정책적 방안이 필요하며, 선행연구들을 통해 긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템 도입의 필요성과 적용가능성은 끊임없이 언급되어왔다. 이에 본 연구는 2017년 4월 3일부터 2017년 4월 28일까지 26일간 일개 도시에서 시행된 긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템 시범 운영사례를 분석하였다. 119신고 접수는 총 58건으로 그 중 우선교통신호시스템이 반영된 화재출동이 16건, 구급출동이 11건이었다. 출동시간은 화재출동이 평균 3 min 50 s, 구급출동은 평균 3 min 50 s로 단축되었다. 차량정체에 따른 불편신고 접수는 총 4건이었으며, 전년도 동기간 대비 6건의 교통사고가 총 1건으로 줄었다. 본 연구결과 시범 운영기간동안 도출된 문제점과 개선사항을 보완하면 골든타임 확보를 위한 긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템이 효과적으로 운영될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2018

연구 목적: 본 연구는 우수한 1급 응급구조사 인력 양성 및 배출을 위해 응급구조사의 역량을 도출하여 교육제도를 재정립하고 국가시험 및 자격제도를 개선하기 위한 정책 제안을 하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 본 연구는 전문가 회의 및 설문지를 이용하였다. 설문 자료는 교육 전문가(응급구조학과 대학교수)와 현장 전문가(소방 119구급대원 및 병원에 근무하는 1급 응급구조사) 총 277명으로부터 수집되었으며, 자료수집 기간은 2016년 9월 7일부터 9월 20일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과: 1급 응급구조사 교육과정 강화를 위해 표준교육과정안으로 총 27과목 94학점을 제안하였고 1급 응급구조사의 핵심역량 9가지를 도출하였다. 국가 자격시험은 필기시험 과목을 통합하는 방안과, 실기시험에 시나리오형의 문제를 추가하고, 실기를 절차대로 수행하는 단순실기시험에 낙제기준(critical criteria)를 적용하며, 실기시험은 통과/실패만 결정하는 것을 제안하였다. 또한 1급 응급구조사의 보건의료적 업무특성을 반영하여 자격은 면허로 바꾸는 것을 제안하였다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과를 토대로 표준교육과정 운영으로 핵심역량을 갖추고 배출된 인력들이 신뢰성 있는 국가시험제도를 통해 자격을 취득하고 1급 응급구조사로서 전문성을 강화할 수 있는 자격관리제도가 선순환을 이룰 때 우리나라 응급의료서비스의 질적 수준이 향상될 것이다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

Purpose: This research project addressed the need to designing more safe and efficient interior of the future ambulance in Korea. Methods: The study sample contained 760 paramedics in 4 districts. Data was collected by using a revised and complemented questionnaire based on literature review. Results: In relation to the efficacy and safety of work, answers related to storage closet showed to be the highest, and the most difficult part of paramedic work in an ambulance was lurching. CPR is the most frequently used emergency care inside an ambulance, but 66% of the paramedics responded that accurate CPR is not possible during vehicle transfer. Safety belts are not worn for 82.8% of the time, because of discomfort (51.3%). 13.8% of the paramedics responded that stretchers are unstable, 29.5% had an experience of having patients fall off the stretcher inside an ambulance. There were comments on installing equipments to prevent noise, and assist communication. Conclusion: The suggested practical layout contains five main modifications 1. Developing specially designed belt is needed for paramedic safety & efficient work. 2. The seats are molded to be ergonomically friendly. 3. Equipments to secure the body and safety devices for CPR are needed. 4. System improvement for communication between the driver seat and paramedics is needed. 5. The stretchers are molded to be maximize efficiency and minimize injury.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2002

1997년 1월 1일부터 2001년 12월 31일까지 5년간 울릉군 보건의료원 응급실을 내원하여 헬리콥터를 이용하여 육지병원으로 후송된 환자를 조사하였다. 헬리콥터가 운행된 회수는 5년간 88회, 후송된 환자들은 110명으로 113건이었다. 헬리콥터의 연도별 운행 회수는 1997년은 13회(14.8%), 1998년에는 17회(19.3%), 1999년에는 18회(20.5%), 2000년에는 17회(19.3%), 2001년에는 23회(26.1%) 운행하여 연도에 따라 헬리콥터 운행 회수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 헬리콥터 종류는 해양경찰 헬리콥터가 46회(52.3%), 119 소방 헬리콥터가 19회(21.6%), 해군 헬리콥터는 14회(15.9%), 민간 헬리콥터가 7회(8.0%) 운행하였다. 후송 시간대는 오전 6시부터 오후 6시 이전까지 79회(89.8%)가 후송되었다. 후송 환자의 계절별 분포는 가을에 25회(28.5%), 봄에 23회(26.2%) 운행하였다. 최종 후송 지역은 경상북도 포항시 47건(43.1%), 강원도 강릉시 34건(31.2%), 대구광역시 16건(14.7%) 서울 10건(8.8%) 등의 순이었다. 후송 환자의 성별 분포는 남자가 71건(65.1%), 여자가 38건(34.9%)으로 남자가 많았다. 연령별 분포는 60세 이상이 31건(28.4%), 30대가 20건(18.3%), 40대가 16건(14.7%) 등의 순이었다. 진료과별 분포는 신경외과 42건(37.1%), 내과 21건(18.6%), 일반외과와 정형외과가 각각 13건(11.5%) 등의 순이었다. 질병별 분포는 뇌졸중이 27건(23.9%)으로 가장 많았으며, 골절이 13건(11.5%), 두부손상 11건(9.7%), 임신과 관련된 출혈 및 통증 10건(8.8%), 복막염 8건(7.1%) 등의 순이었다. 한국표준질병사인분류(3-KSCD)에 의한 분포는 순환기계의 질환(IX)이34건(30.1%), 손상, 중독및기타(XIX)가34건(30.1%), 소화기계질환(XI)이 23건(20.4%) 등의순이었다. 울릉도를 비롯한 도서지역의 응급환자 후송에는 헬리콥터의 이용이 필수적이다. 보다 효율적인 응급환자 후송을 위해서는 헬리콥터의 야간 운행, 헬리콥터 내의 환자감시장치 등의 의료장비의 확보, 공식적인 응급후송용 헬리콥터의 확보 및 이를 위한 법 제정 등이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2005

Background: Cardiac arrest is one of the most critical diseases which can likely lead to severe cerebral disability or brain death when the cases can not recover their circulation within 10 minutes. Saving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases is a recent concern in Korea. Resuscitation has become an important multidisciplinary branch of medicine, demanding a spectrum of skills and attracting a plethora of specialities and organizations. The best survival can be achieved if all the following links have been optimized : rapid access, and early CPR, defibrillation and ACLS, Since the "Utstein Style" was advocated in 1991, many reports about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been published based on this guideline. These differences prevent valid inter-hospital and international comparisons. However, it is not known how effective resuscitation has become to the patients. In other words, there are no guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on resuscitation in Korea. This dissertation aims to provide the basic data for a unified reporting guideline of resuscitation in Korea and evaluating the out-of-hospital factors associated with survival discharge of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: As for this study, uses the collected data about Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests at 4 area, from January, 2005 to April. 2005. With a retrospective study, 174 cases were analyzed. The data was recorded based on the Out-of-Hospital Utstein Style. Results: Resuscitation was performed on 174 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases at the 4 area 14 patients(8.1%) recovered their spontaneous circulation. Overall, the ROSC of the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients was 8.1%, which was poorer than that of western countries. Gender distribution was 50 females(28.7%) and 124 males(71.3%), approximately twice as many males as females. ROSC of witnessed arrests was found out to be 97.7%. The ratio of the witnessed arrest groups showed higher results than that of unwitnessed arrest groups in the above-examined cases. Cardiac etiology consisted of cardiac(33.5%), non-cardiac(45.7%), trauma(20.1%), and unknown(6.0%). Cardiac was the best performance. Initial rhythm showed Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation in 8 patients(6.0%), asystole in 100(75.2%) and unknown in 25(18.8%). The results of the Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation showed higher results than the others cases, The proportion of the cardiogenic cause was 33.5%, which was only half of western countries. Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation is relatively rare. These differences were due to the prevalent pattern of Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as prematurity of the EMSS. Bystander CPR was practiced on 13 patients(7.52%). ROSC was shown in 46.2% cases. CPR by EMT was carried out on 167 cases(96.5%). ACLS by EMf was rare. From collapse, 4 cases(2.6%) arrived to ED within 6 minutes. 13 (8.6%) within 10 minutes, and 49(32.5%) over 31 minutes. The sooner the patients arrived, the greater the ratio of ROSC and discharged alive became, and the same with collapse time to ROSC. As the results of the logistic regression analysis, ROSC was found out to be highly influenced by the time of ED arrival from collapse and Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation. Therefore, the ratio of ROSC depends on not any single factor but various intervention factors. Conclusion: This dissertation presents the following suggestions and directions of the study hereafter. First, the first step for a chain of survival should be taken to activate EMSS early with a phone as soon as cardiac arrests are witnessed. Second, it is keenly needed that emergency medical technicians should be increased through emergency education for living. Third, it is necessary to establish the emergency transportation system. Fourth, most of the Koreans have little understanding of EMT and the present operation systems have many problems, which should be fundamentally changed. Fifth, it is required to have an active medical control over Out-of-hospital CPR, And proper psychological supports should be given not only to patients themselves and their family but also individuals who are engaged in emergency situation. Finally, through studies hereafter on nationwide, comprehensive, and standard forms, it is needed to examine into the biological figures of human body, causes and trends of cardiac arrests, and then, to enhance the survival rate of Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Korean guidelines for Cardiopulmonary resuscitation need to be made.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.599-610
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• 2020

자동심장충격기(AED: Automated External Defibrillator)는 건물 또는 특정 영역 내에 위치함에도 공간적 정확성 및 시간적 가용성에 대한 평가가 이뤄지지 않음으로 이에 대한 공간분석 입지 할당 분석을 통한 구획이 필요하다. 분석결과 기설치 AED 및 공공데이터를 활용한 공간분석을 실시하고 GIS 입지분석 방법을 적용, 지역 주거특성에 맞는 365일 24시간 운용이 가능한 공공기관(119안전센터, 파출소(지서))을 공공 AED 거점후보지로 선정하고 후보지별 티센폴리곤을 생성, 권역별 구획을 실시하였다. AED 특성을 고려한 응급의료서비스 접근성 측면의 서비스권역 분석에서 연구지역 주요지역 대부분 응급의료 필요시간 4분내에 긴급차량이 도착할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었으나 도심 외곽지는 이에 못 미치는 양상이 나타났다. 결과적으로, 야간, 주말시간대의 AED 환자 대응을 위해 공공기관 차량 중심의 AED 거점 서비스센터 운영이 효과적임을 알 수 있었고 공공기관 AED 서비스센터 구축을 위한 대구시 관할 119안전센터, 지구대(파출소)에 대한 위치기반 거리, 속성 분석, 중복 지역 최소화 등으로 기존 도보 방식의 AED 이용보다 차량을 이용하는 방법이 더 효율적으로 나타났다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

Objective: This study was conducted for the nationwide statistical survey of poison exposure to provide the rationale for establishing and developing the poison control center (PCC) in Korea. Design: Study group for Korea PCC in National Medical Center reviewed the medical literature on poison exposure of Korea from death reports of National Statistical Office (NSO), the toxic exposure statistics from the report of National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), and poison related data from 119 ambulance services (FD) for the purpose of obtaining the poison and its related data. We also conducted questionnaire from the expert who work in emergency medicine department at the designated 320 emergency medical centers in Korea for the preparedness and acknowledgement about necessity of PCC and their need for that. Results: We reviewed the reliable data from the death report of NSO, poison exposure data from NHIC, and running report from FD. Poisoning death occured at home ($36.7\%$) and hospital ($46.3\%$). Poisoning are more common in rural area than the city area. Patients were seen more frequently in the local clinics than in any hospital. The drugs ($45.7\%$) and pesticide ($18.1\%$) are common poison. Common place to poison exposure were residential area ($39.9\%$), industry ($9\%$). mass residential area ($7\%$). and farm ($6\%$). The education level were primary school ($33.2\%$), high school ($23.7\%$), and middle schol ($21.3\%$) in order. We have to provide the poison guideline for lay public to understand easily, and for medical experts. The medical facilities need to be invested and have more interest for toxicology. All medical staff who work in the designated emergency medical center want PCC to establish. They want to have poison information from hospital ($91.3\%$), regional poison information center ($45.0\%$), regional poison control center ($52.5\%$), nationwide poison information center ($48.8\%$), nationwide poison control center ($46.25\%$), as a role of poison control center. They also want that pcc have poison epidemiologic study and statstics, training program for the experts, registration of rare case of posion on website, reflection of policies to activities for antidote production etc., speedy consultation system for poison analysis, public education, establishment of both regional and national pee, etc. Conclusion: Poison center must be established to provide poison information for all the public and medical experitise, focusing rural area and private clinic, to detoxify, to reduce the cost, time, morbity, and mortality through the whole country.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify actual operations and issues of wireless paging system operation for the aged living alone as the end users of wireless paging system primarily in Gwangyang city, and thereby to explore possible advanced and integrated ways to promote social safety network for the aged. Methods : The survey tool used in this study was a structured questionnaire form consisting of question items. The researcher hereof conducted this survey by means of direct visit and interview during two seasons, i.e. from February to August, 2008 and from December 2008 to March 2009, respectively. Results : 1) For general demographic characteristics, it was found that 90.9% of all respondents were women and 61.2% of all respondents were at age 75 to 84. for health conditions, it was found that more than 90% of all respondents often took medicines due to their unhealthy body, and most of respondents suffered from musculoskeletal diseases 79.3% and circulatory diseases 61.6%. for walking capacity, it was found that 45.5% of all respondents used walking aids, and disable respondents (11.5% of all respondents) were represented primarily by those with physical disability (52.6% of disable respondents). for actual use of medical institutions, it was found 47.3% of all respondents relied on local clinics, since they preferred neighborhood hospitals or clinics they can trust for medical care. for social activities and supports, it was found that 43.6% respondents had 'needs for assistance at times' and 33.9% respondents have 'no need for assistance'. And it was found that the major difficulties in living alone at old age were represented primarily by health problems 37.8% and economic difficulties 33.5%. 2) For characteristics related to wireless paging system, it was found that 90.3% respondents used wireless paging system recommended by firemen, and 28.5% respondents used this system. and it was found that 59.6% respondents used this system once, and 85.2% respondents used it because of acute or chronic diseases. more than 90% respondents thought that they knew about wireless paging system and considered themselves safe, but 83.6% respondents didn't attach a remote control on their upper clothes, and even 49.1% respondents turned off the power of wireless paging system due to their concern about electricity bill and noise. 3) It was found that 83.6% respondents felt it necessary to use wireless paging system, and wireless paging users felt more satisfied with using the system than non-users, and 50.7% showed high satisfaction at certain psychological benefits like 'confidence in coping with critical situations' and 'a sense of relief'. In addition, it was found that some respondents who answered that 'they didn't turn off the paging system as they knew how it works' and those who answered that they knew 'how to use it' showed relatively high satisfaction. And some respondents who kept it well and felt it necessary also showed high satisfaction. 4) It was found that the level of satisfaction our respondents felt with using wireless paging system varied significantly availability($x^{2}$ = 12.759, p = .002), psychological advantages($x^{2}$ = 12.174, p = .002), knowledge about how to use system($x^{2}$ = 7.021, p = .016), power on/off($x^{2}$ = 13.221, p = .001), level of knowledge about system($x^{2}$ = 21.002, p = .000), maintenance($x^{2}$ = 9.871, p = .007) and level of necessity($x^{2}$ = 34.939, p = .000) on the statistical basis.