• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.3 s.205
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• pp.199-219
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine how life-changes after divorce, individual resources, and interpersonal resources affect post-divorce adjustment. Especially it focuses on gender differences. Data were collected from 114 divorced men and 112 divorced women in their 20s and 30s with the inclusion criteria of 1) having hen divorced for at least 6 months but less than 5 years, and 2) not having remarried after divorce. AH divorced men and women were interviewed with self-report questionnaires. The analysis included frequencies, means, t-test, crosstabs, and hierarchical multiple regression models. The major findings were as follows. 1) Divorced women were better adjusted than divorced men. 2) Fnancial satisfaction and health problems were important factors for both divorced men and women. 3) There were gender differences in the variables that affected post-divorce adjustment. Social support and significant others' attitude toward divorce influenced post-divorce adjustment for divorced men. For divorced women, negative change in financial circumstances, their own attitude toward divorce and divorce initiation found significant. This study showed that there were gender differences in the factors affecting Post)divorce adjustment. The findings of this study suggest that a program for supporting divorced men and women should consider gender differences.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 2003

The powdery mildew of Phlox (Phlox paniculata) extensively occurred in the experimental farm of Cheongam-myon, Hadong-gun, Gyeongnam province in 2002. Both sides of the leaves and stems were covered with the white fungal spores and mycelia, and then the leaves became brown to dark brown in color, eventually died. The conidiophores on the lesion were observed. Conidia were cylindric in shape, colorless, $25.3{\sim}49.4{\times}12.3{\sim}17.2{\mu}m$ in size and borne singly on conidiophore. Fibrosin bodies were not observed. Conidiophores were straight with 2-4 cylindric cells, and $65.7{\sim}124.8{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were lobed. Cleistothecia were not formed. This is the first report on powdery mildew of Phlox caused by Oidium sp. in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes a significant economic loss in the swine industry not only in Korea but also all over the world. Andong and Hapcheon region were selected for Area Regional Control (ARC) programme to reduce the shedding of PRRS virus (PRRSV) and decrease PRRS outbreaks. Before conducting the PRRS ARC, sera of pigs were tested for both antibody using ELISA and antigen using RT-PCR, then phylogenetic classifications was analysed. Pigs of 138/275 (50.2%) in Andong and 352/425 (82.8%) in Hapcheon were seropositive. Also, the RT-PCR results revealed that 27 heads (8.2%) in Andong, 112 heads (22.0%) in Hapcheon were positive for PRRSV antigen. PRRSVs were mainly detected between the ages of 40 to 60 days. PRRSV ORF5 regions were used to determine genetic clusters based on previous report. All PRRSV type I detected in both Andong and Hapcheon were classified as Cluster I. The PRRSV type II isolates in Andong were assorted to Cluster II, whereas the PRRSV type II isolates in Hapcheon were the viruses were unassembled into any cluster except one identified to Cluster III. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that new clusters of PRRSVs type II were prevalent in Hapcheon.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.497-505
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• 2019

Lanthanum-based transition metal cations containing perovskites have emerged as potential catalysts for the intermediate-temperature (600-800℃) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we report a facile acetylacetone-assisted combustion route for the synthesis of nanostructured La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ (LSCF6428) cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The as-prepared powder was analyzed by thermogravimetry analysis-differential scanning calorimetry. The powder calcined at 800℃ was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electrode microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements. It was found that the porosity of the air electrode significantly increased by utilizing the nanostructured LSCF6428 instead of commercial powder. The performance of a single cell fabricated with the nanostructured LSCF6428 cathode increased by 112%, from 0.4 to 0.85 W cm^-2, at 700℃. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a considerable reduction in the area-specific resistance and activation energy from 133.5 to 61.5 kJ/mol, resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward ORR and overall cell performance.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2009

Objectives : Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in cancer patients. The Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale(BEDS), which is an abbreviated version of the Edinburgh Depression Scale, may serve as a useful tool in screening for the depression in patients with the medical illnesses. This report investigated the reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the BEDS(K-BEDS) for the depression in cancer patients. Methods : One-hundred cancer patients were enrolled in this study. All subjects completed the K-BEDS, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale(HADS), and the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale(KPSS). Reliability, validity and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve analysis measures were assessed. Results : The K-BEDS showed good internal consistency(Cronbach ${\alpha}$=0.77) and test-retest reliability(0.94, p<0.001). All item-total correlations were above 0.3. Also, it revealed moderate correlation with the depression subscale of the HADS(r=0.617), but no correlation with the KPSS. Exploratory factor analysis produced only one factor, accounting for 47.1% of the total variance. The most valid cutoff value to screen for depression was a total score of 5 on the K-BEDS, which showed sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 86.4% with a positive predictive value of 4.60 and a negative predictive value of 0.43.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.112-124
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• 2014

This study aimed to develop a regulation system for off-label drug use to secure the safe use of marketed drugs. We searched governmental documents for national and global regulating systems of off-label drug uses and a body of academic literature to explore current regulating trends. We included European Union, United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia and Japan, and critically reviewed the regulation of off-label drug use in four issues, which were a regulatory structure, safety control before and after off-label use, and information management. The findings of the present investigation called for several measures in off-label drug uses: enhancing prescribers' self-regulation, providing up-to-date information to prescribers for evidence-based practice and to patients for their informed consent, making evidence with scientific rigor, building an official registering process for off-label use in good quality and extending the role of pharmaceutical industry in pharmacovigilance. At last, we proposed a new system so as to regulate and evaluate off-label drug uses both at national and institutional level. In the new system, we suggested a clear-cut definition for clinical evidence that applicants would submit. We newly introduced an official 'Off-Label Drug Use Report' to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of a given off-label drug use. In addition, we developed an algorism of the regulation of off-label drug use within an institution to help set up the culture of evidence-based practices in off-label drug uses.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1972

Recently we experienced a case of the portal hypertension, extrahepatlc origin in the National Medical Center, Seoul. The case was a male aged 19 who was undergone the elective splenorenal shunt with splenectomy 9 years ago and emergency ligation of the coronary vein because of recurred variceal rupture 6 years later and had recurring esophageal varices with bleeding this time.At the age of 10 he had been occasionally suffering from nasal bleeding and visited to our Pediatric department, when there was encountered for the first time the splenomegaly, esophageal varices in the lower third esophagus on the esophagogram, and stenosis and kinking of the portal vein with rich collateral circulation on the splenoportography without hepatic functional impairment.The elective splenorenal shunt with splenectomy was undergone under the diagnosis of portal hypertension due to congenital anomaly of the portal vein and postoperatlvely no troubles had been obtained until postoperative 1st attack of massive hematemesis due to esophagenl variceal rupture recurred about 6 years later which was confirmed by control esophagogram and it was resulted by stenosis of previous anastomotic site of the splenorenal shunt.Then emergency ligation of the coronary vein was only made for bleeding control and no episodes of hematemesis had been encountered thereafter until April 1972 about 3 years after the 2nd operation, when hematemesis recurred again. In this time, recurring esophageal varices were noted in the lower third esophagus on the control esophagogram and he was employed side to end mesocaval shunt as the final step of portal decompression,and following results were obtained. 1] No postoperatlve troubles as leg edema or pain: Postoperatively leg elevation and elastic bandage on the both legs were employed until discharge. 2] During operation the portal pressure was 300 mm $H_2O$ and immediately lowered to 170 mm $H_2O$ after shunt.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 2002

Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm (SPEN) of the pancreas is an uncommon tumor and is found predominantly in young females. The most common clinical presentation is an abdominal mass. The tumor has a low grade malignant potential and complete removal is the treatment of choice. We report a case of SPEN in a 13-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain and increasing size of an abdominal mass after abdominal trauma. CT and sonographic findings showed a well-demarcated mass in the pancreas tail with solid and cystic portion. She got a distal pancreatectomy and pathologic finding was SPEN of pancreas.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.110-112
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• 2006

Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) are commonly prepared in the research laboratory by spraying, screen-printing and brushing catalyst slurry onto membrane or other support material like carbon paper or polyimide film in a batch style. These hand applications of the catalyst slurry are painstaking process with respect to precision of catalyst loading and reproducibility. It has been generally mentioned that the adoption of continuous process is very helpful to develop the reliable product. In the present work, we report the results of using continuous type coater with doctor-blade to coat catalyst slurry for preparing the MEA catalyst layers In a faster and highly reproducible fashion. We show that while expectedly faster than batch style, the machine coater requires the use of slurry of appropriate composition and a properly selected transfer decal material in order to achieve superior MEA plat lnw loading reproducibility. To make highly viscous catalyst slurry that is imperative for using coater, we use 40wt.% Nafion solution and minimize the content of organic solvent. And the choice of proper high surface area catalyst is important in the viewpoint of making well-dispersed slurry. After catalyst coating onto the support material, we transferred the catalyst layer to both sides of Nafion membrane by hot-pressing In this case, the degree of transfer was Influenced by hot-pressing condition including temperature, pressure, and time. To compare the transferring ability, we compared so many films and detaching papers. And among the support, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) film shows the prominent result.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2014

A pulmonary artery sling is a very rare congenital abnormality in which the left pulmonary artery rises from the posterior surface of the right pulmonary artery and then passes between the trachea and the esophagus, causing tracheal compression. It is associated with tracheo-bronchial abnormalities (50%) and cardiovascular abnormalities (30%). It may produce respiratory symptoms through the airway compression of the abnormal left pulmonary artery and congenital abnormalities associated with it. Because most (90%) pulmonary artery sling patients present symptoms during infancy, their condition is often diagnosed in the first year of life. However, a pulmonary artery sling is occasionally found in adults. It is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. This is a very rare case of an asymptomatic pulmonary artery sling in an adult. A 38-year-old man presented symptoms of mild exertional dyspnea. His spiral computed tomography showed a pulmonary artery sling. He was discharged without specific treatment because his symptoms improved without specific treatment and might not have been associated with a pulmonary artery sling. We report an adult case of an asymptomatic pulmonary artery sling diagnosed via spiral computed tomography, accompanied by a literature review.