• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.378-384
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• 1999

Protopectinase (PPases) are heterologous group of enzymes that degrade pectin from the insoluble protopection which is constituent of the middle lamella and primary cell wall of higher plants by restricted depolymerization. From the previous report[6], enzymatically separated plant cells, which are produced from plant tissues by PPases treatment, showed well-conserved cellular components with their rigid cell wall and this characteristic is applicable to preparation of novel food material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of medium composition of PPase production from Bacillus subtilis EK11 which was selected as a PPase producer. Various carbon sources and concentrations on PPase production were studied and corn starch at 0.7% was the most effective for production of PPase. Among the nitrogen sources, yeast extract was the most effective for PPase production and the effect of (NH4)2SO4 was notable as inotganic nitrogen source. Inorganic compounds such as KH2PO4, K2HPO4, Na3-citrate.2H2O and MgSO4 were optimized for PPase production. PPase activity was inhibited by the adition of Ba2+ or Zn2+. The optimal medium for PPase production was devised: 0.7% corn starch, 0.3% yeast extract, 1.4% KH2PO4, 0.6% K2HPO4, 0.1% Na3-citrate.2H2O and 0.02% MgSO4. PPase production by using the optimum medium was carried out with shaking cultivation at 37$^{\circ}C$. The maximum PPase activity of 256unit/ml could be obtained after the cultivation for 48hrs. The activity was increased about 2.2timesthan the activity, 112 unit/ml, in basal medium.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.243.2-243.2
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• 2011

ZnO materials with a wide band gap of approximately 3.3 eV has been used in transparent conducting oxides (TCO) due to exhibitinga high optical transmission, but its low conductivity acts as role of a limitation for conducting applications. Recently, Ga or Al-doped ZnO (GZO, AZO) becomes transparent conducting materials because of high optical transmission and excellent conductivity. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying the improvement of electrical conductivity of the GZO is still the subject of debate. In this study, we have fully investigated the reasons of high conductivity through the characterization of plane defects, crystal orientation, doping contents, crystal structure in Zn1-xGaxO (x=0, 3, 5.1, 5.6, 6.6 wt%). We manufactured Zn1-xGaxO by sintering ZnO and Ga2O3 powers, having a theoretical density of 99.9% and homogeneous Ga-dopant distribution in ZnO grains. The GZO containing 5.6 wt% Ga represents the highest electrical conductivity of $7.5{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}m$. In particular, many twins and superlattices were induced by doping Ga in ZnO, revealed by X-ray diffraction measurements and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) observations. Twins developed in conventional ZnO crystal are generally formed at (110) and (112) planes, but we have observed the twins at (113) plane only, which is the first report in ZnO material. Interestingly, the superlattice structure was not observed at the grains in which twins are developed and the opposite case was true. This structural change in the GZO resulted in the difference of electrical conductivity. Enhancement of the conductivity was closely related to the extent of Ga ordering in the GZO lattice. Maximum conductivity was obtained at the GZO with a superlattice structure formed ideal ordering of Ga atoms.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2017

Five bacterial strains, ES10-3-3-1, KKM10-2-2-1, Ant11, JM10-4-1-3, and KMS4-11 assigned to the genus Deinococcus were isolated from soil samples collected from Namyangju-si in Gyeonggi-do, Gangnam-gu and Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul, Korea. In addition, four bacterial strains, KKM10-2-7-2, JM10-2-5, JM10-2-6-2, and KKM10-2-3 assigned to the genus Hymenobacter were isolated from soil samples collected from Gangnam-gu and Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul, in South Korea. The five Deinococcus species were Gram-stain positive, pink-pigmented, and short-rod or coccus shaped. The four Hymenobacter species were Gram-stain negative, red-pigmented, and short-rod shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains ES10-3-3-1, KKM10-2-2-1, Ant11, JM10-4-1-3, and KMS4-11 were most closely related to Deinococcus citri $NCCP-154^T$ (with 99.8% similarity), Deinococcus grandis DSM $12784^T$ (99.0%), Deinococcus marmoris DSM $12784^T$ (98.8%), Deinococcus claudionis $PO-04-19-125^T$ (98.7%), and Deinococcus radioresistens $8A^T$ (99.8%), respectively. KKM10-2-7-2, JM10-2-5, JM10-2-6-2, and KKM10-2-3 were most closely related to Hymenobacter algoricola $VUG-A23a^T$ (99.1% similarity), Hymenobacter elongatus $VUG-A112^T$ (99.1% similarity), Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens $Txg1^T$ (99.1% similarity), and Hymenobacter psychrotolerans $Tibet-IIU11^T$ (99.3% similarity), respectively. These nine species have never been reported in Korea; thus, five Deinococcus species are reported in the family Deinococcaceae, order Deinococcales, class Deinococci, phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and four Hymenobacter species are reported in the family Cytophagaceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.632-643
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to develop tool to evaluate the core competencies regarding nursing cancer patients on chemotherapy, and to verify the reliability and efficacy of the developed tool. Methods: A tool to evaluate the core competencies was developed from a preliminary tool consisting of 112 items verified by expert groups. The adequacy of the preliminary tool was analyzed and refined to the final evaluation tool containing 76 items in 8 core competencies and 18 specific competencies. The evaluation tool is in the form of a self-report, and each item is evaluated according to a 3-point scale. From September 22 to October 14, 2011, 349 survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the WINSTEPS program that employs the Rasch model. Results: Results indicated that there were no inappropriate items and the items had low levels of difficulty in comparison with the knowledge levels of the study participants. The results of factor analysis yielded 18 factors, and the reliability of the tools was very high with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.97. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used for training and evaluation of core competencies for nursing cancer patients, and for standardizing nursing practices associated with chemotherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 1996

Bronchial foreign body aspirations are uncommon in adults and usually have various underlying conditions, otherwise accidentally occurred in dental procedure, medical, surgical procedure. The most commonly aspirated objects were food materials, with peanuts leading the list. When bronchial foreign body was aspirated, no definite respiratory symptoms or foreign body is may not seen, then diagnosis is delayed. Therefore late complications was developed. The tendency to use fiberoptic bronchoscope for removal of foreign bodies in adults is increased. We report a rare case of bronchial pneumonia due to occult aspiration of a twig before 1 year with a review of the literatures.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2010

Tissue engineering has been enhanced by advance in biomaterial nature, surface structure and design. In this paper, I report specifically vertically aligned titania ($TiO_2$) nanotube surface structuring for optimization of titanium implants utilizing nanotechnology. The formation, mechanism, characteristics of titania nanotubes are explained and emerging critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is reviewed. The main focus of this paper is on the unique 3 dimensional tubular shaped nanostructure of titania and its effects on creating epochal impacts on cell behavior. Particularly, I discuss how different cells cultured on titania nanotube are adhered, proliferated, differentiated and showed phenotypic functionality compared to those cultured on flat titanium. As a matter of fact, the presence of titania nanotube surface structuring on titanium for dental applications had an important effect improving the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro, and enhancing the bone bonding strength with rabbit tibia over conventional titanium implants in vivo. The nano-features of titania nanotubular structure are expected to be advantageous in regulating many positive cell and tissue responses for various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.1 s.92
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• pp.102-112
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• 2005

In this work, we developed fully integrated broadband MMIC chip set employing CSP(Chip Size Package) for K/Ka band applications. By utilizing an ACF for the RF-CSP, the fabrication process for the packaged amplifier MMIC could be simplified and made cost effective. $STO(SrTi_{3})$ capacitors were employed to integrate the DC biasing components on the MMIC, and LC parallel circuits were employed for DC feed and ESD protection. A pre-matching technique and RC parallel circuit were used to achieve a broadband matching and good stability fer the amplifier MMIC in K/Ka band. The amplifier CSP MMIC exhibited good RF performance over a wide frequency range in K/Ka band. This work is the first report of a fully integrated CSP amplifier MMIC successfully operating in the K/Ka band.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2001

With the advances in neonatal intensive care, pediatric surgeons experience very low birth weight infants, weighing <1,500 g, more frequently. We report our 14 cases of very low birth weight infants with intestinal perforations without congenital causes, at the Asan Medical Center during the 11-year period from 1989 to 2000. The average birth weight was 919 g(563-1,490), and average gestational age was 206 days(161-286). There were nine males and five females, Operation was performed at an average age of 14.0 days(3-38). Ten neonates with symptomatic PDA were given indomethacin in an attempt to close the ductus. Bowel perforation involved the jejunum in two and ileum in twelve. At laparotomy, there were seven focal intestinal perforations, five typical NEC, one intussusception, and an unknown cause, Four neonates underwent resection and anastomosis of the bowel, and nine underwent exteriorization. One underwent resection and anastomosis after peritoneal drainage. Four patients had postoperative complications; two leakage of anastomosis, one stoma necrosis, and one internal herniation. Seven of fourteen patients survived(50.0 %). Seven patients died of septic complication. There was a significant difference in the birth weight and gestational age in survivors compared with those who died(p<0.05). There was an increased risk of bowel perforation in indomethacin treatment for PDA. Careful clinical observation and keen judgment are essential for this particular group of infants.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2011

Purpose: Neurofibromas may present as multiple or solitary lesions. Although there is no predilection site for solitary lesions, they are rare on the hand. In addition, solitary intramuscular neurofibromas are a very rare pathological type. Here, we report a rare solitary intramuscular neurofibroma in the hand. This paper examines the clinical characteristics of intramuscular neurofibroma arising from the lumbricalis in order to enable a correct diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A 32-year-old male presented with a painless mass on the palm. The physical examination revealed a $3{\times}2$ cm protruding mass that was non-tender to palpation. The vascular and sensory examinations were unremarkable, while the motor examination showed mild difficulty with flexion and extension. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enhancing solid mass between the thenar eminence and second metacarpophalangeal joint. The diagnosis of an intramuscular neurofibroma was confirmed following surgical excision and histological evaluation. Results: The pathological examination was consistent with a neurofibroma, with delicate fascicles and loose fusiform cells in a fibrous stroma, with oval or spindle-shaped nuclei and scant cytoplasm. The background matrix was pale staining and had focal myxoid stroma. There was no significant nuclear pleomorphism and no mitoses. Immunohistochemistry with S-100 was slightly positive. At the 6-month follow-up, motor and sensory function were intact and the range of motion was full. Conclusion: A neurofibroma is a rare tumor of the hand, especially the intramuscular type. Hand surgeons should consider the diagnosis of this tumor based on the examination and imaging.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.1 s.46
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• pp.51-58
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• 1981

Hitherto 44 species belonging to 19 families of spiders have been reported at Ulreung-do on the East Sea. Korea. The authors have investigated spider fauna, through out the Ulreung-do, during July 25, August 3. 1975 and July 30, August 7, 1980. The foundings were as followings. 1) In this report, 132 species of 74 genera, including 3 undetermined species, belonging to 25 families of spiders are tabulated by the aid of published data and collections of the authors. Eighty six species are added to the fauna, of which 2 species are new to Korea. as follows; Porrhomma montanum Jackson. 1918, Clubiona neglecta O.P. Cambridge, 1862. The spider fauna of Ulreung-do includes 18 nothern species $(14.0\%)$, 8 southern species $(6.2\%)$. 7 cosmopolitan species $(5.4\%)$ and 84 Palaearctic temperate species $(65.1\%)$. The predominant species are Araneids. Thridiids, especially Cyclosa japonica Boes. et Str. are found in large numbers all over this island. Linyphiids and Lycosids are relatively few in number. 3) The common species to comparative area and foreign countries are as follows; Ulreung-do/Jookbyeon...76 species$(43.3\%)$ Ulreung-do/Jeju-do...95 species$(40.6\%)$ Ulreung-do/Heuksan do...61 species$(35.7\%)$ Ulreung-do/Deogjeog-do...51 species$(31.7\%)$ Ulreung-do/Tsushima Isl....71 species$(30.3\%)$ Ulreung-do/Japan...112 species$(11.3\%)$ Ulreung-do/main China...59 species $(6.5\%)$ 4) The ecological distribution are as follows; The seashore region...81 species$(62.8\%)$ The evergreens region...73 species$(56.6\%)$ The highiands region...64 species$(49.6\%)$ The valleys region...49 species$(38.0\%)$ The basin region...23 species$(17.8\%)$ 5) The noticeable one of geographical distribution in this island, are as follows; Nesticus quelpartensis Paik et Namkung, 1969, Conoculus simboggulensis Paik, 1971.