• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

Objectives : In children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight has increased in the last 20 years. little research is available on the prevalence of obesity in children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of overweight among a clinical population of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). Methods : Retrospective chart review of children ages 3-18 years seen between 2012 and 2015 at a Konyang University hospital psychiatric clinic. Diagnostic, medical, and demographic information was extracted from the charts. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated from measures of height and weight recorded in the child's chart. The Center for Disease Control's BMI growth reference was used to determine an age and gender-specific BMI z-score for the children. Results : In our study, children with ASD compared to non ASD group had significantly higher BMI percentiles (p=0.032). The prevalence of overweight($BMI{\geq}85th$ to 95th percentiles) and obesity($BMI{\geq}95th$ percentiles) was 35% and 19% respectively in children with ASD and without ASD. Conclusions : Despite noted limitations, our data suggest that overweight and obesity in children with ASD are more prevalent than without ASD. Longitudinal and further study is needed to examine the factors associated with obesity in this population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.263-277
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• 2022

Purpose: The present study examined the associations of Korean Food-based Index of Dietary Inflammatory Potential (FBDI) scores with the prevalence of diabetes and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of diabetes patients in Korean adults. Methods: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Health Examinee baseline data, collected between 2004 and 2013 and followed up between 2012 and 2016, were used in our study. A total 56,391 participants including diabetes (n = 5,733) and non-diabetes (n = 50,658) were analyzed. The subjects were classified into quartiles of FBDI scores using the semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire developed for KoGES. The prevalence rate of diabetes under FBDI scores was assessed by Cox proportional risk models and the severity of the diabetes was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results: There were 775 incident cases of diabetes after a mean follow-up of 3.97 years. There was no statistically significant association between FBDI scores and incidence of diabetes. Among diabetes patients at baseline, FBDI scores were related to the risk of progression of diabetes which was represented by greater than 9% HbA1c (Q1 vs. Q4; odds ratio, 1.562 [95% confidence intervals, 1.13-2.15]; p for trend = 0.007). The stratified analysis showed a stronger association in females, irregular exercise group, and higher body mass index group. Conclusion: These results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is not associated with the incidence of diabetes but is related to the HbA1c level of diabetes patients. Thus, further longitudinal studies with longer periods are required to determine a relationship between dietary inflammatory index and diabetes in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical results of symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus found in adults over 40 years old. Materials & Methods: From March 1994 to March 2004, 53 cases treated for lateral discoid meniscus in 48 patients aged over 40 years with the mean age $48.4(40{\sim}62)$ who were followed up more than 1 year, were analyzed by physical findings, simple X-ray, MRI and arthroscopic exam. Results: Most of the cases (42 cases, 79.2%) had symptoms for less than 1 year duration. 26 cases(49.1 %) out of 53 had trauma history. Simple radiologic evaluation showed that lateral condylar abnormality such as the flattening of lateral femoral condyle, marginal osteophytes, and subchondral sclerosis was seen in 37cases(69.8%). Also medial condyle showed degenerative changes in 16 cases (30.2%). Tear of discoid meniscus in 45 cases(84.9%) were examined by arthroscope and tear was not detected in 8 cases(15.1%). Type of tear was complex(18 cases), longitudinal(12 cases), horizontal(11 cases) and transverse(4 cases). Concomitant medial meniscal rupture was found in 7 cases(13.2%). The simple procedure done was reshaping(46 cases), subtotal resection(5 cases), total resection(1 case) and meniscal repair after reshaping in 6 cases, and arthroplasty was performed after arthroscopic examination in 1 case. Conclusion: Onset of symptom in adult lateral discoid meniscus is usually traumatic in origin. Most cases showed radiologic abnormality such as degenerative change in lateral condyles as well as medial condyles and the results of preservative surgical treatment was the most preferred option in most patients.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.65-84
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• 2016

This study examined the factors that were associated with longitudinal changes for ten years from 2004 to 2014 in time spent on housework by married couples who had a preschooler as their first-born child. It also sought to figure out how much of such temporal changes were attributable to differences in the means on associated factors as well as to differences in the influence or slope of such factors. A total of 9,668 time diaries from the Korean Time Use Survey were used to analyze the influence of couple's weekly work hours, wife's relative income, couple's education and gender role attitudes on the time spent on housework of husbands and wives. Results from descriptive statistics, regression and decomposition analysis were as follows. First, women decreased, while men increased their time doing housework. Second, weekly work hours of husband and wife were related to their time doing housework in every year surveyed. Third, wife's relative earnings and couple's gender role attitudes affected wife's time doing housework more than husbands', whereas couple's education had stronger effects on husbands than wives. However, such influence was apparent on a certain survey year, and then disappeared in another, or became stronger or weaker longitudinally. Fourth, the temporal decrease in wife's housework time and increase in husband's housework time were attributable to social and cultural changes such as reduced working hours, rising female income, higher educational background, and prevalence of egalitarian gender role attitudes. Findings suggest that the trend in spending time on housework is expected to continue, and provide a timely policy implications to facilitate the change.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2020

Background: The classification of foot type can be commonly determined by the height of the media longitudinal arch. The normalized arch height (NAH) is defined as the ratio of navicular or instep heights to the foot length or instep length. Objects: This study investigated the relationships among foot characteristics, such as foot length (FL), instep length (IL), navicular height (NH), and instep height (IH), in Korean young adults. Also, the distribution of foot type based on calculated NAH was assessed. Methods: Three-dimensional foot scanning data of young adults aged 20 to 39 years (total: 1,978; 974 male, 1,004 female) were obtained from the Korea Technology Standards Institute, and used for analyses. NAH was calculated as the following: NH/FL, IH/FL, IH/IL, NH/IL. Spearman's rank order correlation was used to identify correlations among variables. The Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square test were used to compare the sex differences in foot characteristics and distribution of foot type. Results: FL and IL showed a very high correlation (r = 0.94). The correlations between FL or IL and IH (r = 0.50-0.57) were greater than those between FL or IL and NH (r = 0.23-0.72). Males had significantly larger values than females (p < 0.001), and the frequency of pes planus was significantly higher in females than in males (χ² = 50.09, p < 0.001). Based on the IH/IL index, the neutral foot, pes planus and pes cavus distributed by 16%, 78%, and 6% respectively. Conclusion: Our results on foot arch distribution could be used as basic data in clinical or footwear fields, and our data on differences in arch structure according to sex may facilitate understanding of why injury to the lower limbs differs between males and females.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2019

Objective : We attempted to discover that Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has a comprehensive relationship with congestive heart failure and death. Methods : We used a nationwide database managed by the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2010 to 2014. Twelve thousand nine hundred eighty-eight patients with a diagnosis of AS and 64940 age- and sex- stratified matching subjects without AS were enrolled in the AS and control groups. Incidence probabilities of 6 years congestive heart failure and death in each group were calculated. The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio. We divided the AS and control groups into subgroups according to sex, age, income, and comorbidities. Results : During the follow-up period, 102 patients (0.79%) in the AS group and 201 patients (0.32%) in the control group developed congestive heart failure (p<0.0001). In addition, 211 (1.62%) subjects in the AS group died during the follow-up period compared to 639 (0.98%) subjects in the control group (p<0.0001). The adjusted hazard ratio of congestive heart failure and death in the AS group was 2.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-2.89) and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.42-1.95), respectively. The hazard ratios of congestive heart failure and death were significantly increased in all of the subgroups. Conclusion : The incidence rates of congestive heart failure and death were increased in AS patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.114-131
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• 2023

The study empirically delves into the longitudinal transition of the urban core of Naju City in Korea. For the purpose, the ASA (Angular Segment Analysis) technique of Space Syntax has been adopted to investigate the cadastral maps on the GIS platform for the five chosen years since 1920. In particular, the global integration map as well as box plot statistics have been used to capture the time-series consequences. The findings indicate that the old downtown is no more a monocentric city core and the center of the City has far moved eastward near the new Gwangju-Jeonam Innovation City especially during the period between 2000 and 2020.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

Background: There is a global increase in isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The aim of the study was to analyze longitudinal trends of NTM identification and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Methods: NTM recovery rates, distribution of NTM species identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of NTM at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 52,456 specimens from 21,264 patients were submitted for mycobacterial culture, of which 2,521 from 1,410 patients were NTM positive over five years (January 2016 to December 2020). NTM isolation showed an increasing trend from 2016 to 2020 (p<0.001, test for trend) mainly caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. The vast majority of M. avium complex were susceptible to key agents clarithromycin and amikacin. For Mycobacterium kansasii, resistance to rifampin and clarithromycin is rare. Amikacin was the most effective drug against Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus and Mycobacterium subspecies massiliense. Most of M. subspecies massiliense were susceptible to clarithromycin, while the majority of M. abscessus subspecies abscessus were resistant to clarithromycin (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was an increasing trend of NTM isolation in our hospital. Resistance to key drugs was uncommon for most NTM species except for M. abscessus subspecies abscessus against clarithromycin.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1A
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

The web of a horizontally curved plate girder bridge is, in general, subject to not only longitudinal flexural in-plane stress but also out-of-plane bending stress. Therefore, the induced stresses in the fillet welded joints at the intersection of the web and flange plates in the curved plate girder bridge can be considerably high, and the welded joints of gusset plates connecting the main girder to the floor beams or sway bracings can be subject to much more severe situation than those in the ordinary straight plate girder bridge. In order to investigate the cause of fatigue crack occurred in a curved girder bridge that has been served in about 23 years, in this study, field load tests have been performed to obtain the stress characteristics at the welded joint under the real traffic flow. Using the test results, we have investigated the causes of the occurrence of various fatigue cracks and have estimated the fatigue lives for the cracks. In addition, the characteristics of structural behavior at welded joint of the curved girder bridge have been examined by comparing the FE analysis and the field test result.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4727-4731
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• 2013

Background: There have been no large-scale population-based studies to estimate the subsequent risk of primary liver cancer (PLC) among patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). This study aimed to provide relevant data. Materials and Methods: The Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database for the years 2000 and 2005 was used. The PLA group were adult inpatients who were newly diagnosed with PLA from 2000 to 2008. The control group was randomly selected and matched with the PLA group in terms of age, sex, and date in which medical treatment was sought other than for PLA. Results: There were 1,987 patients each in the PLA and control groups. In total, 56 had PLC, 48 (2.4%, 601.5 per 100,000 person-years) from the PLA group, and 8 from the control group. After adjusting for potential covariates, the hazard ratio of PLC for the PLA group was 3.4 times that of the control group (95% confidence interval = 1.6-7.3, p <0.001). The PLC risk for the PLA group was significantly higher within the first year after PLA diagnosis (hazard ratio: 35.4) as compared with the control group and became insignificant (hazard ratio: 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.8-4.9) more than one year after PLA diagnosis. Conclusions: Patients with PLA have a higher rate of PLC than matched controls, especially within the first year after the diagnosis of PLA, suggesting PLA is a warning sign for PLC.