• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.12-26
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• 1995

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2011

When bougainvilleas are subjected to indoor low-light conditions, flower bracts regularly abscise. This study elucidates the effects of plant growth regulators on bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Potted 'Taipei Red' bougainvillea in four different bract development stages were treated with 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), SNA (sodium salt of naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indolebutyric acid), BA (6-benzylaminopurine), $KH_2PO_4$ (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), Put (diamine putrescine), SA (salicylic acid), or STS (silver thiosulfate) and were moved to indoor low-light conditions after treatments. Experimental results indicate that 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, and SA prolonged bract longevity, and this effect increased as bract stage increased. The effect of STS was significant in early bract stages and decreased as bract stages increased. Additionally, 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, SA, and STS treatment significantly reduced endogenous ACC (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate) content and ACC oxidase activity, suggesting that the inhibition of ethylene production was achieved via physiological metabolism. However, treatment with IBA or $KH_2PO_4$ had no effect on the bract longevity at any stage. In the combined chemical treatments, NAA + STS or NAA + SA were effectively for prolonging bract longevity and contained less protein or chlorophyll degradation, decrease ACC oxidase or ethylene production than the control. In conclusion, we propose that combined chemical treatment significantly prolonged the bract longevity and more effectively than single chemical treatment at any stage.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 1991

The ability of several auxin analogs to induce ethylene production was tested in the corn coleoptile. The synthetic auxins 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) had strong stimulatory effects on ethylene induction surpassing that of IAA. Both 2-naphthalaneacetic acid (2-NAA) and 2, 6-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 6-D), structural analogs of these auxins, respectively, were found to be inactive. Treatment with NPA, a strong inhibitor of polar auxin transport, led to drastic increase in IAA-induced ethylene production while it has bo effect on ethylene production induced by 1-NAA. A positive correlative existed between intracellular auxin level and ethylene production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1981

Explants of mature root tissues and calli derived from root and cotyledon of Panax ginseng were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(3,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), benzyladenine, and gibberellic acid to assess their capacity to regenerate organs. Root formation at high percentage (46.2-61.1%) was obtained 20-30 days after culturing on media supplemented with combinations of NAA(5 mg/l) and kinetin (1 mg/l), And calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) containing 2,4-D(0.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Reculture of these embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) enriched with 1 mg/l of benzyladenine and 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid resulted in more plantlet regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 1999

The effect of auxins and cytokinins on the formation of adventitious shoots, adventitious roots, trichomes, and calli in MS basal medium was investigated in leaf segments from ecotype Columbia of Arabidopsis thaliana. Adventitious shoots, adventitious roots, trichome, and calli were formed from leaf segments by a wide range of hormone concentrations and combinations. Adventitious shoots were formed respectively in treatment with 0.1mg/L IAA and 10 mg/L BA. Adventitious roots were formed in treatments with low concentration of IAA and NAA. Trichomes and calli were formed by increasing the concentration of IAA and NAA. The optimal combination was 0.5mg/L NAA and 0.1mg/L BA for trichome formation, 10mg/L NAA and 10mg/L BA for calli formation. When NAA was treated alone in culture media, adventitious roots were formed in 0.1mg/L, trichomes were formed in 2.0mg/L, and calli were formed in 10mg/L. Inductive time for formation of adventitious roots, trichomes and calli were determined at 6,7 and 18 days respectively by periodical transfer of leaf segments from NAA containing medium to NAA free medium.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.137-139
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• 1984

The molecular structure of (+)-6-Me hoxy-.alpha.-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid (Naproxen), $C_{14}H_{14}O_{ 3}$, was determined by X-Ray diffraction technique. Naproxen crystallized in $P2_1$ with two molecules on the unit cell of dimensions a = 7.855, b = 5.783, c = 13.347$\AA$ and $\beta$ = $93.9^{\circ}$

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

A protocol is described for rapid multiplication of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (Rutaceae), an important aromatic and medicinal plant, through shoot-tip explant cultures. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of N-6-benzyladenine (BA), N-6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ), in single or in combination with ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA), was used to determine the rate of shoot proliferation. N-6-benzyladenine (BA) used at 0.5mg/l, was the most effective in initiating multiple shoot proliferation at the rate of 23 microshoots per shoot-tip explants after 40 days of culture. Shoot multiplication increased 1.2-fold in each successive subculture. Induction of rooting (98%) was achieved by transferring the shoots to the same basal medium containing 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets went through a hardening phase in a controlled growth chamber, prior to in vivo transfer. These results represented that possible application for the mass production of plantlets through in vitro culture system of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.631-638
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• 1998

Studies were made to elucidate the cell growth and the production of camptothecin and its derivatives in cell cultures of Camptotheca acuminata. High resolution HPLC chromatograms to analyze camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin in lactone and carboxylate forms were obtained with a fluorescence detector. Calli inductions were optimized with the young stem of explant on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 5 mg/l $\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.2 mg/l 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), 2.0% sucrose, and 0.5% agar. The hybrid medium, a mixture of SH and Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, was developed for homogeneous suspension cultures without large cell aggregates. The optimum phytohormone concentrations for successful suspension cultures were 1.0mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l of kinetin. The highest growth in suspension cultures was observed when 49.7% (w/w) of the cells was composed of small aggregates which were below 0.1 mm in diameter. Time course changes of cell growth and camptothecin production showed that camptothecin accumulation was started at the end of the growth phase and the maximum content was obtained 10 days after inoculation. Yeast extract elicitor increased camptothecin accumulation 4 times. Methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid also increased camptothecin production 6 and 11 times, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 1987

The molecular structure of naproxen determined by X-ray diffraction technique was refine to the final R-value geing 0.042. The compound was recrystallized from ethanol solution in monoclinic crystal system, space group $P2_1$ , with Z = 2, a = 13.375(5) $\AA$, b = 5.793(2) $\AA$, c = 7.914 $\AA$, $\beta$=93.91(3)$\AA$ and $d_{obs}$ = 1.26, $d_{calc}$ = 1.25 g/cm$^{3}$. The structure was solved by direct method and refined by block diagonal least squares procedure for 747 relfections (F .leq. 6.sigma.(F)). The molecules are connected by two intermolecular OH--O type hydrogen bonds.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L$^{-1}$ and 0.1 mg NAA L$^{-1}$ . Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.