• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1993

Inulin fructotransferase from Enterobacter sp. S45 was purified with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 42,800 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were pH 5.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. $Mg^{2+}$ activated the enzyme activity, but $Fe^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$ significantly inhibited. After exhaustive digestion of inulin by the enzyme, DFA III, sucrose, 1-kestose and nystose were produced. Sucrose, 1-kestose, raffinose and melezitose can't be used as substrates by the enzyme, but nystose and 1-F-fructofuranosyl nystose were hydrolysed. The Km and Vmax for inulin of the enzyme were 1.4 mM and $0.196\;{\mu}mole/min$, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.431-434
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• 1995

Chemical composition of barley leaves of four varieties (Olbori, Suwon 298, Suwon 311 and Milyang 60) grown under the same environmental conditions at the same location was investigated. Barley leaf samples were collected on two weeks before heading period. The barley leaves contained $25{\sim}29%$ crude protein, $9.3{\sim}9.9%$ crude lipid, $9.3{\sim}11.2%$ ash, $1.3{\sim}1.8%$ ${\beta}$-glucan on dry matter basis. Chlorophyll contents of Olbori, Suwon 298, Suwon 311 and Milyang 60 were 951 mg%, 885 mg%, 866 mg%, 826 mg%, respectively. Mineral contents of barley leaves were not significantly different each other and potassium content was found to be the highest among all the minerals observed. Vitamin C contents of Olbori, Suwon 298, Suwon 311 and Milyang 60 were 328 mg%, 266 mg%, 278 mg% and 269 mg%, respectively. Free sugar contents of barley leaves were somewhat different and the glucose content was the highest among the free sugars, ranging from 5.70% to 8.35%. Besides glucose, fructose, sucrose and raffinose contents were also relatively higher than the other free sugars. In other oligosaccharides, 1-kestose($GF_2$) content was between 0.26% and 0.39% and a slight amount of 1-nystose($GF_3$) was also detected. Although aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine were relatively higher content than the other free amino acids, the values were not consistent in different varieties.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2010

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the roots of Aralia cordata (syn. = A. continentalis). Through spectroscopic method, the chemical structures were elucidated as: caffeic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), thymidine (3), uridine (4), methyl-$\alpha$-D-fructofuranoside (5), a mixture (3 : 1) of $\beta$-D-fructopyranoside and $\beta$-D-fructofuranoside (6), 1-methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-$\beta$-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (7), methyl-$\beta$-D-fructofuranoside (8), sucrose (9), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) (10), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (neochlorogenic acid) (11), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid) (12), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (13), and 1-kestose [$\beta$-D-fructofuranosyl-($2{\rightarrow}1$)-$\beta$-D-fructofuranosyl-($2{\rightarrow}1$)-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranoside] (14). Among them, compounds 5, 7, 8, and 10 - 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.855-861
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• 2014

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers fed wheat-based diets. A total of 120 7-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two wheat-based experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 1.0 g/kg xylanase. Each treatment was composed of 6 replicates with 10 birds each. Diets were given to the birds from 7 to 21 days of age. The results showed that xylanase supplementation did not affect feed intake, but increased body weight gain of broiler at 21 day of age by 5.8% (p<0.05) and improved feed-to-gain ratio by 5.0% (p<0.05). Xylanase significantly increased (p<0.05) ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP) by 3.5%, starch by 9.3%, soluble NSP by 43.9% and insoluble NSP by 42.2% relative to the control group, respectively. Also, compared with the control treatment, xylanase addition increased (p<0.05) total tract digestibilities of dry matter by 5.7%, CP by 4.1%, starch by 6.3%, soluble NSP by 50.8%, and had a tendency to increase (p = 0.093) insoluble NSP by 19.9%, respectively. The addition of xylanase increased the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in the digesta of gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05), and the order of their concentration was ileum>jejunum>duodenum>>gizzard> caecum. The supplementation of xylanse increased ileal isomaltriose concentration (p<0.05), but did not affect the concentrations of isomaltose, panose and 1-kestose in the digesta of all GIT sections. These results suggest that supplementation of xylanase to wheat-based diets cuts the arabinoxylan backbone into small fragments (mainly arabinose and xylose) in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum, and enhances digestibilites of nutrients by decreasing digesta viscosity. The release of arabinose and xylose in the small intestine may also be the important contributors to the growth-promoting effect of xylanase in broilers fed wheat-based diets.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

The improved analytical method with gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry was established to identify and quantify disaccharides and trisacchrides in honey. In this method, the analysis of trimethylsilyl (TMS), TMS-oxime and TMS-methoxime sugars takes into account the determination of a single peak of complete separation on the chromatogram. The number of possible peaks for the qualitative and quantitative determination of TMS, TMS-oxime, and TMS-methoxime sugars was 17, 22, and 25, respectively. This new analytical method allowed for the determination of diand trisaccharides in honey by TMS-oxime and TMS-methoxime derivatives. This study suggested that the improved method is more suitable and precise than the other analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of sugars in honey.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1997

For the effective production of functional oligosaccharides(DP 3-5) from inulin in chicory extracts, the acid hydrolysis and enzymatic endo-inulinase reaction were compared. Acid hydrolysis was unfavorable ; the content of oligosacharides in total sugar increased to 26.0% for 12 min at $55^{\circ}C$ and 24.6% at 6 min at $65^{\circ}C$ and showed little change for 30 min. The content of high DP(DP 6) decreased from 83.5 to 49.5% and 23.0% for 30 min, repectively. Glucose, fructose and sucrose increased to 24.6% and 50.3%, respectively. Hydrolysis of chicory extracts with purified endo-inulinase from Arthrobacter sp. S37 was carried out at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5 for 44 hrs. The content of high DP($DP{\geq}6$) in total sugar decreased from 83.5 to 23.0% and that of inulobiose(F2) and DP 3-5 increased to 66.1%. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were not produced. The hydrolysis of chicory extracts without DP 1 and DP 2 with crude or with purified enzyme were also carried out. In contrast to the hydrolysate of crude enzyme, that of purified endo-inulinase did not contain glucose, fructose, sucrose, F2 and 1-kestose(GF2). The content of oligosaccharides in the hydrolysate of the purified endo-inulinase were 79.2%, composed mainly of inulotriose(F3), inulotetraose(F4) and inulopentaose(F5), which shows that the enzymatic hydrolysis using purified endo-inulinase from Arthrobacter sp. S37 is the best method for oligosaccharides production from inulin in chicory extracts.