• 제목/요약/키워드: 1 : N Relationship

검색결과 2,057건 처리시간 0.033초

Sleep-related Breathing Disorder and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Disorders: Literature Review

  • Park, Jeongryul;Lee, Seunghoon;Lee, Sanghoon;Choi, Doyoung
    • 턱관절균형의학회지
    • /
    • 제7권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-10
    • /
    • 2017
  • In order to establish a relationship between sleep related breathing disorder (SBD) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), a literature review was performed. A researching was performed based on PubMed, including english languages. Any clinical study identified relationship between SBD and TMD were selected in this review. 13 studies were analyzed in this review. According to SBD diagnosis, articles were grouped as follows: polysomnographic diagnosis (n=7), clinical diagnosis (n=2) and survey/self-report (n=4). 12 articles established a positive relation between SBD and TMD and 1 did not. SBD would be associated with protrusion/retrusion degree, myofascial pain, muscular and joint pathology, and other orofacial findings. It was analyzed that the retrusion of the mandible had the significant influence on the severity of the SBD.

  • PDF

316L(N)스테인리스강의 Monkman-Grant 크리프 수명식의 적용성 (Application of Monkman-Grant Relationships to Type 316L(N) Stainless Steel)

  • 김우곤;김대환;류우석
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
    • /
    • 제24권9호
    • /
    • pp.2326-2333
    • /
    • 2000
  • Creep tests for type 316L(N) stainless steel were carried out using constant-load creep machines at 55$0^{\circ}C$, 575$^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$. Material constants necessary to predict creep rupture time were obtained from the experimental creep data. And the applicability of Monkman-Grant(M-G) and modified M-G relationships was discussed. The log-log plot of M-G relationship between the rupture time($t_r$,) and the minimum creep rate ($ $\varepsilon$ _m$) was dependent on test temperatures. The slope of m was 1,05 at 55$0^{\circ}C$ and m was 1.30 at $600^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the log-log plot of modified M-G relationship between $t_r/$\varepsilon$_r$, and $ $\varepsilon$ _m$ was independent on stresses and temperatures. That is, the slope of m' was approximately 1.35 in all the data. Thus, modified M-G relationship for creep life prediction could be utilized more reasonably than that of M-G relationship for type 316L(N) stainless steel. It was analyzed that the constant slopes regardless of temperatures or applied stresses in the modified relationship were due to an intergranular fracture grown by wedge-type cavities.

Lack of any Prognostic Relationship between Adiponectin Receptor (Adipo R1/R2) Expression for Early/Advanced Stage Gastric Cancer

  • Ayyildiz, Talat;Dolar, Enver;Ugras, Nesrin;Dizdar, Oguzhan Sitki;Adim, Saduman Balaban;Yerci, Omer
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제15권11호
    • /
    • pp.4711-4716
    • /
    • 2014
  • Introduction: Adiponectin (ApN) is a complement C1q-related protein, mainly secreted from adipose tissue, that signals through ApN receptor1 (Adipo-R1) and ApN receptor 2 (Adipo-R2). Low serum ApN concentrations are associated with obesity-related malignancies. However, there are very few studies on any prognostic role of ApN receptors in gastric cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between AdipoR1/R2 expression and early/advanced stage gastric cancer in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with early and 39 with advanced stage gastric cancer who underwent surgical gastric resection were included in this study. Results: Adipo-R1 expression was low in 2 of the 18 patients with early stage gastric cancer (11.1%), while 4 had low Adipo-R2 expression (22.2%). In those with advanced stage gastric cancer, 7 of 39 had low Adipo-R1 expression (17.9%) and 16 had low Adipo-R2 expression (41%). Adipo-R2 expression was significantly higher (p=0.011) in moderately differentiated tumors when compared to well-differentiated tumors. While there was nearly a statistically significant relationship between TNM stage (T, tumor size; N, regional lymph node; M, whether distant metastases exist) and Adipo-R2 expression (p=0.054), there was no relationship between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression with tumor stage and survival. Conclusion: Adipo-R1/-R2 expression has no prognostic significance of in early/advanced stage gastric cancer.

Relationship between Maximum Stem Volume and Density during a Course of Self-thinning in a Cryptomeria japonica Plantation

  • Ogawa, Kazuharu;Hagihara, Akio
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • 제27권1호
    • /
    • pp.27-33
    • /
    • 2004
  • Cryptomeria japonica plantation was monitored every year during 15 years from 1983 to 1997 for stem diameter and volume. The reciprocal equation, 1/Y = A + B/N, was applied to the relationship between cumulative volume Y and cumulative number N from the largest tree in the stand each year. The parameters A and B, which means respectively the reciprocal of an asymptotic value of total stand stem volume and the reciprocal of the maximum stem volume, are related by a power function. The power functional relationship between A and B derived a linear relationship of B-points ( $N_{B}$, $V_{B}$; $N_{B}$ = B/A, $Y_{B}$ = 1/2A) of each Y-N curve on log-log coordinates. The gradient of B-point line was so steep that the Y-N curve moved parallel upward year by year. The time trajectory of mean stem volume (W) and density ($\rho$) provided evidence in favor of the 3/2 power law of self-thinning, because the gradient of W - $\rho$ trajectory on log-log coordinates approximated to -3/2 at the final stage of stand development. On the basis of the results of Y-N curves and W - $\rho$ trajectory, the time trajectory of maximum stem volume $W_{max obs}$ and $\rho$ was derived theoretically. The gradient of $W_{max obs}$ - $\rho$ trajectory on log-log coordinates is calculated to be -0.6105 at the final stage. The gradient of $W_{max obs}$ - $\rho$ trajectory was steeper than that of W - $\rho$ trajectory at the early stage, while the former is gentler than the latter at the later stage.stage.e.age.e.

결혼초기 부부관계향상 프로그램의 효과검증 -PREP(Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program)을 중심으로- (The Marital Relationship Enhancement Program and Its Effects for Couples in the Early Marriage Stage)

  • 유은희;김득성
    • 가정과삶의질연구
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-18
    • /
    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to construct the Marital Relationship Enhancement Program based on PREP(Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program), and to examine the effect of it for couples in the early marriage stage. To perform this program, six session of time-limited(two hour) were carried out experimental group. and subjects were assigned to experimental group(N=6 couples) and control group(N=6 couples). Scales of PREPARE II (PREmarital Personal And Relationship Evaluation), Couple Communication Scales and Commitment Scales were used as pre-post-follow instruments of this study. Major finding were as follows : 1. Marital Relationship Enhancement Program for couples in the early marriage stage has meaningful consequences for the improvement of participants' couple relationship. 2. Marital Relationship Enhancement Program had meaningful consequence for the improvement of participants' realistic expectation of marriage, communication and conflict resolution skills and leisure activities. These positive effects maintained at follow-up. However, it hadn't meaningful consequence for the improvement of participants' marital commitment. 3. Marital Relationship Enhancement Program had also meaningful consequence for the improvement of the wives' realistic expectation of marriage, communication and conflict resolution skills and leisure activities, of the husbands' communication and conflict resolution skills.

A Study of the Gas Liquid Partition Coefficients of Eleven Normal, Branched and Cyclic Alkanes in Sixty Nine Common Organic Liquids: The Effect of Solute Structure

  • Cheong, Won-Jo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제23권3호
    • /
    • pp.459-468
    • /
    • 2002
  • Literature data measured by the author have been processed to report on the effect of solute structure on gas liquid partition coefficients of eleven normal, branched and cyclic alkanes ranging in carbon number from five to nine in sixty nine low molecular weight liquids. The alkane solutes are n-pentane(p), n-hexane(hx), n-heptane(hp), n-octane(o), n-nonane(n), 2-methylpentane(mp), 2,5-dimethylpentane(dp), 2,5-dimethylhexane(dh), 2,3,4-trimethylpentane(tp), cyclohexane(ch), and ethylcyclohexane(ec). The solvent set encompasses most of those studied by Rohrschneider as well as three homologous series of solvents (n-alkanes, 1-alcohols and 1-nitriles) and several perfluorinated alkanes and highly fluorinated alcohols. An excellent linear relationship was observed between lnK and the carbon number of n-alkanes. The effective carbon numbers of branched and cyclic alkanes were determined in a similar fashion to the method of Kovats index. We found that the logarithm of solute vapor pressure multiplied by solute molar volume was a perfect descriptor for the linear relationship with the median effective carbon number.

SOM을 이용한 전남 호소의 식물플랑크톤 군집과 수질 관계 분석 (Relationship between Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality in Lakes in Jeonnam using SOM)

  • 조현진;나정은;정명화;이학영
    • 생태와환경
    • /
    • 제50권1호
    • /
    • pp.148-156
    • /
    • 2017
  • 전라남도에 위치한 12개의 호소에서 식물플랑크톤 군집변화 양상 및 환경요인과 시공간적 특징의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 2014년 3월부터 11월까지 총 4차례에 걸쳐 조사를 시행하였다. 전체 조사기간 동안 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 총 297종으로, 규조류 98종, 녹조류 148종, 남조류 23종, 그 외 와편모조류를 포함한 기타조류 28종으로 확인되었고, 조사시기별 출현종은 3월 116종, 6월 163종, 8월 162종, 11월 169종으로 1차 조사를 제외한 대부분의 시기에 다소 높은 출현종수를 보였다. 조사기간 동안 확인된 식물플랑크톤의 개체수는 $124{\sim}59,148cells\;mL^{-1}$의 범위를 나타냈고, 조사시기별 평균 출현개체수는 3월 $3,443cells\;mL^{-1}$, 6월 $4,055cells\;mL^{-1}$, 8월 $11,763cells\;mL^{-1}$, 11월 $4,614cells\;mL^{-1}$로 봄철에서 여름철로 계절이 진행되면서 증가한 후 가을철로 접어들면서 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 이는 남조류의 개체수 변화에 따른 결과로 확인되었다. 식물플랑크톤 군집과 이화학적 요인을 이용한 SOM 분석 결과 $9{\times}6$ 격자에서 최적화되었고, 5개의 그룹으로 분류되었다. SOM 분석을 통한 식물플랑크톤의 군집과 연관이 있는 이화학적 요인은 수온, SS, DO, BOD, TP, Chl-a로 확인되었고 pH, TN, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$, $PO_4-P$, 전기전도도 등은 관련성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 군집과 이화학적 요인 간의 Pearson's correlation coefficient를 산출한 결과 식물플랑크톤의 군집은 대체로 수온, DO, SS, TP, 전기전도도, Chl-a와 통계적 유의성을 보였고, pH, TN, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$, $PO_4-P$ 등과는 유의성이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 전라남도 내 주요 호소에서의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 분포는 주로 수온, SS, DO, BOD, Chl-a와 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었고 pH, TN, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$, $PO_4-P$와의 관련성은 낮은 것으로 확인되었다.

Phylogenetic Relationships of 3 Korean Neodiplostomum Species (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) Based on Partial CO1 Gene

  • Pyo, Kyoung-Ho;Lee, Jo Woon Yi;Lee, Jin-Ju;Park, Yun-Kyu;Shin, Eun-Hee;Chai, Jong-Yil
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
    • /
    • 제52권3호
    • /
    • pp.325-329
    • /
    • 2014
  • The phylogenetic relationships of the 3 Neodiplostomum spp. (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) occurring in Korea (N. seoulense, N. leei, and N. boryongense) were analyzed using the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. The adult flukes were recovered from Sprague-Dawley rats (N. seoulense) and newborn chicks (N. leei and N. boryongense) experimentally infected with the neodiplostomula from the grass snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus. The genomic DNA was amplified using specific primers, and the sequence of CO1 was obtained. According to the results, the pairwise similarity was 96.1% between N. boryongense and N. seoulense, but was 95.0% between N. boryongense and N. leei and 94.2% between N. leei and N. seoulense. The results demonstrated a closer phylogenetic relationship between N. seoulense and N. boryongense. This high relationship of N. seoulense and N. boryongense may be related to their similar morphologic features including the limited distribution of vitellaria and the presence of a genital cone. N. leei is distinct on the other hand with an extensive distribution of vitellaria and the absence of a genital cone.

일개 도시 지역거점병원 간호사의 신종인플루엔자에 대한 지식, 태도 및 수행도와의 관계 (Relationship of Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in an Influenza A (H1N1) Base-Zone Hospital)

  • 최정실;최주순;박승미
    • 임상간호연구
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.85-94
    • /
    • 2009
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of influenza A (H1N1) knowledge, attitude and practice for nurses. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from a total of 325 nurses working in an Influenza A (H1N1) base-zone hospital in C city during September, 2009. The collected data were analyzed using of SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The knowledge of influenza A (H1N1) was not statistically different for gender, age, education, work unit, clinical experience, position, or previous education of Influenza A (H1N1). The attitude to influenza A (H1N1) was statistically significant according to age or clinical experience. Practice related to influenza A (H1N1) was statistically different for education, clinical experience or previous education of influenza A (H1N1). Knowledge of influenza A (H1N1) was lowest for etiology and definition compared to other subcategories. Attitude and practice were significantly different for all items. The biggest difference in items was for 'use of physical barriers (protective goggles, face masks and gowns) during procedures that may involve contact with aerosol'. There was a positive association between attitude and practice. Conclusion: An educational program focusing on strategy to change nurses's knowledge, attitude and practice can be effective for infection control in an influenza A (H1N1) base-zone hospital.