• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.354-357
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• 2000

Two ellagitannins, pedunculagin and 2,3-(S)-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-D -glucose and three condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-4 which were isolated from Rubus coreanum were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$to rat liver homogenate (TBARS). The ellagitannins, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin, showed more potent antioxidative activities by DPPH and TBARS than condensed tannins.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.376.1-376.1
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• 2002

Phytochemical examination of Barks of Ulmus macrocarpa isolated two flavanone, three flavanonol, three flavan 3-ol and one procyanidin compounds. We also determinated the antioxidative activity of these compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Three flavan 3-ol (catechin, epicatechin and catechin-7-O-$\beta$-O-xylopyranoside) and procyanidin B1 showed significant antioxidative activity. (omitted)

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2022

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays. Silymarin scavenged 71% of DPPH radicals and 78% of ABTS radicals at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, respectively. Silymarin effectively inhibited the oxidative damage of DNA, and the oxidative modifications of human serum proteins and Cu,Zn-SOD. Also silymarin effectively inhibited H₂O₂- and LPS-induced cell death as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation by H₂O₂ and LPS. The results suggested that silymarin might be an effective natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory material.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.230-233
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• 2002

Superoxide is involved in causing inflammation, cancer, and arteriosclerosis in many cases. Taking antioxidant material can be helpful in preventing the diseases. Natural food such as barley, wormwood, sea tangle, and soybean contain antioxidant ingredients. Antioxidant activity increase was determined by fermenting them with microorganism. To determine the activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution was used. When barley, wormwood, sea tangle, and soybean were fermented with Bacillus lichenifomis Bl, antioxidant activities of each fermented product increased 2.6, 1.6, 2.7, and 1.7 folds, respectively. Also, absorbance of fermented soybean was higher than that of soybean at the range of 250~290nm, which might be involved in differences of antioxidant activity of the two. Paraquat suppressed Esherichia coli DH5$\alpha$ growth by making superoxide inside the strain. However, when ethanol extract from fermented soybean was added into the GM (glucose-mineral) media containing the strain, its growth was recovered, suggesting that ethanol extract can move across E. coli, and can function as anti-oxidant material in vivo. Thus, it will be possible to develope antioxidant material from fermented soybean which can be taken orally.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2003

In our ongoing study to identity antioxidants from natural sources, the antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera stamens was evaluated for their potential to scavenge stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, inhibit total reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in kidney homogenates using 2 ,7 -dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA), and scavenge authentic peroxynitrites ($ONOO^-$). A methanol (MeOH) extract of the stamens of N. nucifera showed strong antioxidant activity in the $ONOO^-$system, and marginal activity in the DPPH and total ROS systems, so were therefore fractionated with several organic solvents, such as dichloromethane ($CH_2 Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The EtOAc soluble fraction, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity in all the model systems tested, was further purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Seven known flavonoids [kaempferol (1), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranosyl methylester (2), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside (4), myricetin 3 ,5 -dimethylether 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1$\rightarrow$6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (6) and kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranoside (7)], along with $\beta$-sitosterol glucopyranoside (8), were isolated. Compound 1 possessed good activities in all the model systems tested. Compounds 2 and 7 showed scavenging activities in the DPPH and $ONOO^-$ tests, while compounds 3 and 4 were only active in the $ONOO^-$ test. Conversely, compound 8 showed no activities in any of the model systems tested.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.380.1-380.1
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• 2002

Polygoni Radix. the root of Polygonum cuspidatum (Polygonaceae) has been used as treatments of dermatitis. gonorrhrea. favus athlete's foot. inflammation in traditional medicine. Oxygen free radical injury and lipid peroxidation have been suggested as major causes of atherosclerosis. cancer. liver disease. and the aging process. In order to evaluate antHipid peroxidative effect. Polygoni Radix was fractionated and then its fractions were examined by liver homogenate MDA by TBARS assay and DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activities were examined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity(ORAC), total phenolic content, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochondria, reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging effect using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Results: 1. TAC of 1.5 and 3.75 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 2. ORAC of 2, 10, and $20{\mu}g$ extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 3. Total phenolic content of 0.375, 0.938, and 1.875 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 4. DPPH(1, 1 -Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity between wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng did not differ significantly (p>0.05). 5. Induced lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS concentration in solution containing rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of $FeSO_4$/ascorbic acid was inhibited as amounts of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased. TBARS concentration of ginseng extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than wild ginseng or cultivated wild ginseng extracts. 6. DCF fluorescence intensity was decreased as concentrations of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased, demonstrating that ROS generation was inhibited in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that cultivated wild ginseng extracts had similar antioxidant activities to wild ginseng extracts and greater that of cultivated ginseng extracts.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1994

An antioxidative compound was isolated from pine needles. This compound was identified as 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]-furanone on the basis of spectroscopic evidences. It scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals more efficiently than maltol and tocopherol did. It exhibited an inhibitory effect on the lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome induced by Fe(ll)/ascorbate, and the protective effect against UV cytotoxicity in cultured human fibroblasts. In addition, HMF appeared to prevent the cellular melanogenesis in the cultured murine melanoma cells, more effectively than kojic acid, a well known inhibitor of melanogenesis, while the former was not so effective as the latter for the inhibilion of the tyrosinase. Considering that cellular melanogenesis is a metabolic process triggered by oxidative stress, it was tentatively deduced that the antioxidative property of HMF may afford the effect against cellular pigmentation by alleviating the causative stress. This study provided a novel inhibitor of melanogenesis, that might be useful for the cosmetic applications.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.236-240
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• 2004

Acanthopanax species (Araliaceae) traditionally has been used as analgesics, stimulant of immune system, and replenishment of body functions. Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus is indigenous plant to Korea. The antioxidant activities of compounds from A divaricatus var. albeofructus were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay on human plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The triterpenoid and lignan constituents from this plant showed antioxidant activities and the lignan, l-sesamin exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity in Cu$^{2+}$ -induced LDL oxidation.n.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1998

The $^{13}C-NMR$ spectrum of nor-rubrofusarin showing strong radical scavenging effect has been assigned by using HMBC and HMQC experiments.