• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 1999

Potato dextrose agar(PDA), V-8 agar, Ginseng extract agar배지에 C. destnctam를 배양한 후 기중균사를 제거하고 25,000 Lux의 광처리로 대형분생포자 생성을 유도한 결과, 암처리에 비해 대형분생포자 생성이 $3.7\~8.1$배 촉진되었다. 위 공시 배지의 액체배지들의 경우에는 광처리에 의해 대형분생포자 생성이 암처리에 비해 $7.7\~18.0$배 촉진되었다. 광처리로서 대형분생포자를 가장 많이 생성한 배지는 PDA와 V-Bagar로 조사되었다. C. destnctans의 대형분생포자 생성에 미치는 광처리 조건중 기중균사 제거 효과를 검토하기 위해 C. destructans가 생육된 Potato dexoose agm에 기중균사를 제거하고 광량별 처리로 대형분생포자 생성량을 측정한 결과, 25,000Lux 의 광처리로 대형분생포자 생성량이 최고 1,585$macroconidia/mm^2$로 측정되어 3,000Lux 및 10,000Lux의 광처리 후 측정된 최고 생성량에 비해 각각 3.2배, 1.4배 많이 생성되었다. 그러나 기중균사 무제거구는 $3,000\~25,000$Lux의 광처리 조건에서 대형분생포자는 $20\~99\;macroconidia/mm^2$의 적은양이 생성되어 광처리시 기중균사 제거는 C. destructans의 대형 분생포자 생성을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 대형분생포자를 구성하는 세포수는 기중균사의 제거 및 무제거와 광량별 처리에 관계없이 $1~3$개로 관찰되었고 2개의 세포로 구성된 것이 $69.4\~100\%$로 대부분을 차지하였다. 광처리로부터 얻어진 대형분생포자는 광처리 6~7일 경과후 부터 분해되기 시작하였다. C. destructans의 기중균사 무제거 상태에서 광처리를 55일간 지속한 결과 광량증가에 따라 균사체가 변형된 후막포자 형성이 촉진되어, 25,000Lux광처리구에서 후막포자 생성량이 1,285$chlamydospres/mm^2$로서 3,000 및 10,000Lux의 경우에 비해 각각 2.8, 1.2배 많이 생성되었다. C. destructans의 기중균사를 제거한 상태로 광을 처리한 경우에는 균사체변형 후 막포자 형성이 더욱 촉진되어 기중균사 제거후 3,000Lux, 10,000Lux, 및 25,000Lux의 각 광처리에서는 기중균사 무제거구의 각 광처리 대조구들에 비해 후막포자가 각각 1.9, 2.5, 1.4배 많이 생성되었다. 균사체변형 후막포자 chain내 세포수는 기중균사 제거 혹은 무제거구의 광 및 암처리에 관계없이 1~8 개이었고 1개의 단독세포로 구성된 것이 $34.2\~58.9\%$로 가장 많았다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

We determined the effects of follicular fluid fractions in the maturation medium on bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent development, as well as on number of cells in blastocysts following culture. Follicular fluid and oocytes from bovine follicles less than 5 mm in diameter were collected from the ovaries of slaughtered cows. Follicular fluid was separated into different molecular weight fractions by untrafiltration through a membrane using a centrifuge at 500$\times$g, for 2h. For the maturation medium, follicular fluid fractions (30%, v/v), whole fluid (30%) or PVP(3mg/ml) were added to TCM 199(0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol-17$\beta$, 100IU hCG). After maturation for 24h, oocytes were fertilized in vitro with bull frozen-thawed spermatozoa and cultured on a monolayer of granulosa cells for 9 days after fertilization. There were no differences in maturation rates or fertilization rates among any maturation conditions. The rates of development to >2-cell stage of the oocytes were significantly decreased when fraction of follicular fluid below 10,000 MW were added into maturation medium, compared with control and fraction above 10,000 MW(26.0% vs 40.8% to 64.0%, respectveily. p<0.01). Likewise, the rates of development to blastocysts of fertilized oocytes were significantly decreased in maturation medium containing fraction of follicular fluid (<10,000 MW). The average cell number of blastocysts derived from oocytes that matured in the fraction(>10,000 MW) of follicular fluid was 154.7$\pm$13.7. These embryos contained more cells than those matured in whole follicular fluid, or the fraction(<10, 000 MW) of follicular fluid or control(107.0$\pm$8.4, 91.8$\pm$11.8 and 95.8$\pm$6.2, respectively). In conclusion, we found that fractions of follicular fluid contained factors stimulating or inhibiting oocyte cytoplasmic matruation. These suggest that a factor(s) inducing cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes may exist in >10,000 MW fraction of follicular fluid.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extracted from plants Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Thuja orientalis and Chamaecyparis obtusa were tested against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi of fish. At the concentrations above 500ppm, ingibitory effect of the oil of A. princeps var. orientalis was at its peak against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 14715, A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salmonicida ATCC 14174 and A. salmonicida EL-1 but the bacteria Edwardsiella tarda KBF-1, Vibrio anguillarum ATCC19264, V. ordalii ATCC33509 and Streptococcus sp. were insensitive. Likewise, the oil extract of T. orientalis showed the highest inhibitory activity against V. ordalii ATCC33509, E. tarda ECK-1, and E. tarda KBF-1 at 300ppm; however the activity was highest at 500ppm or A. hydrophila ATCC14715, A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salomonicida ATCC14174, A. salmonicida EL-1 and Streptococcus sp. SF-1. With increasing dose of C. obtusa oil, the inhibitory activity became more and more effective against A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salomonicida ATCC14174, E. tarda ECK-1 and Streptococcus sp. SF-1, but A. hydrophila ATCC14174, A. salmonicida EL-1, E. tarda KBF-1, V. anguillarum ATCC19264, V. ardalii ATCC33509 and gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus sp.) were somewhat resistant. A. princeps var. orientalis, T. orientalis and C. obtusa were also tested against Saprolegnia sp. at the oil concentrations of 10, 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000ppm. The inhibitory effect of the oil on the inhibit the mycelial growth of Saprolegnia sp. at 10ppm and completely inhibited at over 500ppm.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.720-725
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• 2000

여러 가지 처리가 난백의 항원성을 감소시키는데 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 토끼 항난백항체로 난백 처리물들의 간접 경합 ELISA(ciELISA)를 실시하였다. 식물성, 동물성, 미생물성의 9가지 효소를 이용한 가수분해처리는 난백의 항원성에 영향을 주지 못했다. 보다 효율적인 효소 가수분해를 위해 방사선 조사 후, 효소처리를 실시했는데, 이것 역시 항원성을 감소시키지 못했다. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 처리는 난백의 항원성을 거의 제거시키는 것으로 나타났다. 열처리는 $121^{\circ}C$ 고온처리의 경우에서만 반응성이 1/10,000이하로 감소하여 항원성이 거의 사라졌다. NaOH 단독 처리는 0.3%(w/v) 이상의 농도에서 반응성이 감소되기 시작하여, 1%(w/v) 이상에서는 반응성이 1/10,000이하로 감소하였다. NaOH 처리에 $70^{\circ}C$, 15분간의 열처리를 더해 주면, NaOH 단독 처리시보다 효과적으로 항원성이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between yearly variations of climatic elements and yearly variations of productivity in malting barley. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components were investigated for 10 years from 1991 to 2000. The meteorological data gathered at the Yeosu Weather Station for the same period were used to find out the relationships between climatic elements and productivity. Yearly varation of the amount of precipitation in December and January were large with coefficients of variation(c. v.) of 97.9, 51.3%, respectively, but the variation of the maximum temperature and minimum temperature in April were relative small. Yield, weight of 1,000 grains and culm length were greatly with c. v. of 37.3, 49.3 and 41.3%, respectively. spike length and number of spikes show more or less c. v. of 3.8, 24.7% respectively and number of grains per spike show still less variation with c. v. of 9.4%. Correlation coefficients between temperature of mean, maximum and minimum in February and seed yield and yield components were positively significant at level of 5.1%, respectively. Correlation coefficients between precipitation of April and seed yield were positively significant correlation at the level of 5.1 %, respectively, but the duration of sunshine in April and seed yield were negatively significant at the level of 5.1%, respectively. Correlation coefficients of those, yield components and yield, culm length, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per $m^2$, weight of 1,000 grains and seed yield were positively significant at the level of 5.1 % respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1633-1639
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• 2009

열풍건조 마늘 및 홍삼 추출물과 혼합물의 생리활성을 평가하고자 마늘 열수추출물에 홍삼 열수추출물을 5-15%(v/v) 첨가한 혼합물을 제조하여 500-10,000 $\mu$g/mL 농도에서 항산화활성, tyrosinase 및 glucosidase 저해활성, 위암 및 대장암 세포에 대한 생육저해 활성을 실험하였다. 열풍건조 마늘과 홍삼 추출물의 전자공여능은 1,000 $\mu$g/mL 이하의 농도에서는 15% 미만으로 낮았으나, 이들의 혼합물의 경우 38% 이상의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 2,500 $\mu$g/mL 이상의 농도에서 아질산염 소거능은 열풍건조 마늘 추출물에서 가장 높고 다음으로 홍삼 추출물 15% 첨가군, 10% 첨가군의 순이었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 10,000 $\mu$g/mL 농도에서 열풍건조 마늘은 29.56%, 홍삼 추출물은 34.59%이던 것이 이들의 혼합물에서는 그 활성이 급격히 저하하여 15% 미만이었다. $\alpha$-Glucosidase 저해활성은 열풍건조 마늘 추출물에서 더 높아 10,000 $\mu$g/mL 농도에서 22.22%였고, 동일농도에서 홍삼 추출물의 경우 13.84%, 이들의 15% 혼합물에서 활성은 25.27%로 유의적으로 증가하였다. AGS 세포 성장억제능은 시료의 첨가농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며 열풍건조 마늘이나 홍삼 단독 추출액에 비하여 이들의 혼합 시료에서 더 활성이 높았다. HT-29 세포의 성장도 시료의 첨가 농도에 의존적으로 억제되었는데, 1,000 $\mu$g/mL 농도에서 열풍건조 마늘과 홍삼 추출물의 암세포 성장억제능은 50% 이상이었으나 이들의 혼합물의 경우 활성이 저하하여 28.25-39.62%에 불과하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 2021

The coronavirus pandemic, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus first identified in patients from Wuhan, China. Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread swiftly around the world, infected more than 25 million people, and caused more than 800,000 deaths in 188 countries. Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appear to be risk factors for COVID-19, however, their prevalence remains controversial. In fact, studies in China reported lower rates of chronic respiratory conditions in patients with COVID-19 than in the general population, while the trend is reversed in the United States and Europe. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of a possible interaction between COVID-19 and chronic respiratory diseases remain unknown, some observations can help to elucidate them. Indeed, physiological changes, immune response, or medications used against SARS-CoV-2 may have a greater impact on patients with chronic respiratory conditions already debilitated by chronic inflammation, dyspnea, and the use of immunosuppressant drugs like corticosteroids. In this review, we discuss importance and the impact of COVID-19 on asthma and COPD patients, the possible available treatments, and patient management during the pandemic.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 1997

국내 자생종인 광릉쥐오줌풀의 생육ㆍ수량 및 정유 함량에 미치는 온도 광도 및 토양 수분의 영향을 검토하여 쥐오줌풀의 재배법을 구명하고자 온도를 10, 15, 20, 25, 3$0^{\circ}C$ 등 5수준으로, 광도는 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000lux 등 8수준으로 처리하였고, 차광은 무차광 25% 차광ㆍ50% 차광구를 설치하였으며, 토양 수분 함량은 최대 용수량의 30, 45, 55, 70,.80, 90%등 6수준으로 각각 처리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 온도와 쥐오줌풀 잎의 광합성간에는 고도로 유의한 2차 곡선회귀가 인정되었으며, 이 회귀식에 의해 산출한 쥐오줌풀의 최대 광합성을 위한 온도는 17.7$^{\circ}C$이었다. 2. 온도와 쥐오줌풀의 엽장ㆍ엽폭ㆍ엽병장 및 근 중간에는 각각 고도로 유의 한 2차 곡선회귀가 인정되었으며, 이 회귀식에 의해 산출한 뿌리 생장의 최적 온도는 약 20.3$^{\circ}C$였다. 3. 정유 및 extract함량은 온도 조건이 15~2$0^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다. 4. 광도와 쥐오준풀 잎의 광합성간에는 고도로 유의한 2차 곡선회귀가 인정되었으며, 이 회귀식에 의해 산출한 쥐오줌풀의 최대 광합성을 위한 광도는 40,000lux였다. 5. 쥐오줌풀의 정유 함량은 재배지역에 따른 차광의 유무와는 관계가 없었고, 정유 성분의 조성 비율은 재배지역 및 차광에 따라 영향을 받았다. 6. 토양수분 함량이 많을수록 엽병장ㆍ엽장ㆍ엽폭ㆍ근장이 길어지고, 뿌리 수량이 많아지는 경향을 보였는데, 토양 수분 함량이 최대 용수량의 80~90%일 때 쥐오줌풀의 생육이 양호하였고, 근중이 가장 많았다. 7. 쥐오줌풀 뿌리의 정유 및 extract함량은 토양 수분 함량이 90%에서 가장 많았고, 토양 수분함량이 낮을수록 감소하였다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between yearly variations of climatic elements and yearly variations of productivity in sesame. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components were investigated for 10 years from 1992 to 2001. The meteorological data gathered at the Yeosu Weather Station for the same period were used to find out the relationships between climatic elements and productivity. Yearly variation of the amount of precipitation in July and September were large with coefficients of variation(c.v.) of 64.59, 92.47%, respectively, but the variation of the average temperature in June and August were relative small. Yield and plant height greatly with c. v. of 26.24, 23.41 %, respectively, 1, 000 grain weights show more or less c.v. of 3.83% and length capsule setting show still less variation. Correlation coefficients between maximun temperature in period of cultivation(from June to September) and yield are positively significant at the level of 5.1 %, respectively. Correlation coefficients amount the plant height, length capsule setting, number of capsules per plant, weight of 1, 000 grains and seed yield were positively significant at the level of 1 %, respectively. Simple linear regression equations by the least square method are estimated for number of capsules per plant(Y$_1$) and the maximun temperature in August(X) as $Y_1$=10.1255+0.1725X, and for yield(Y$_2$) and the maximun temperature in August(X) as $Y_2$=21.6151 + 1.3724X.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

A transcranial magnetic stimulation device is a complicated appliance that employs a switching power device designed for discharging and charging a capacitor to more than 1 kV. For a simple transcranial magnetic stimulation device, this study used commercial power and controlled the firing angle using a Triac power device. AC 220V 60 Hz, the power device was used directly on the tanscranial magnetic stimulation device. The power supply device does not require a current limiting resistance in the rectifying device, energy storage capacitor or discharge circuit. To control the output power of the tanscranial magnetic stimulation device, the pulse repetition rate was regulated at 60 Hz. The change trigger of the Triac gate could be varied from $45^{\circ}$ to $135^{\circ}$. The AVR 182 (Zero Cross Detector) Chip and AVR one chip microprocessor could control the gate signal of the Triac precisely. The stimulation frequency of 50 Hz could be implemented when the initial charging voltage Vi was 1,000 V. The amplitude, pulse duration, frequency stimulation, train duration and power consumption was 0.1-2.2T, $250{\sim}300{\mu}s$, 0.1-60 Hz, 1-100 Sec and < 1 kW, respectively. Based on the results of this study, TMS can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of brain cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.