• Title/Summary/Keyword: 1,000V 이상

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Proper Light Intensity, Potting Media and Fertilization Level for Potted Hepatica asiatica Nakai (노루귀의 분화재배를 위한 적정 광도, 분용토 및 시비수준)

  • Jeong, Kyeong Jin;Jeon, Hyeon Sik;Chon, Young Shin;Yun, Jae Gill
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to select proper light intensity, pot media, and fertilization level for potted Hepatica asiatica Nakai native to Korea. The plants were grown under various light intensities (shading rate, 52, 82, 90, 97%) imposed by shading net. Plants grown with 52% shading showed a low survival rate (65%). Survival rate increased as shading increased, with over 80% survival in shading above 90%. Growth indexes such as fresh weight and leaf number did not show any significant difference between shading treatments. Plants grown in a soil mixture of decomposed granite:fertilizer-amended media:Kanumatsuchi (60:10:30, v/v/v) or river sand:fertilizer-amended media:bark (50:20:30) showed over 85% survival. However, plants grown in a soil mixture of river sand:fertilizer-amended media:Kanumatsuchi (50:30:20) or upland:river sand (40:60) showed very low survival, below 60%. Leaf number and plant height were the highest in a soil mixture of decomposed granite:fertilizer-amended media:Kanumatsuchi (60:10:30) as well. To select a proper fertilization level for H. asiatica, hyponex solution diluted 1,000- or 2,000-fold were applied weekly or biweekly. The survival rate was lowest at weekly application with 1,000-fold diluted solution, and no significant difference was observed between other treatments. In conclusion, H. asiatica exhibits preferences for very low light intensity and soil with air permeability, and is adaptable to a broad range of fertilization levels.

Growth and Quality Affected by Light Intensity, Potting Media and Fertilization Level in Potted Orostachys 'Nungyu bawisol' (능유바위솔의 분화 재배시 광도, 분용토, 시비 수준에 따른 생육과 품질의 변화)

  • Chon, Young-Shin;Lee, Sang-Woo;Jeong, Kyeong-Jin;Ha, Su-Hyeon;Bae, Jong-Hyang;Yun, Jae-Gill
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.357-364
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    • 2011
  • Proper light intensity, potting media, fertilization level, and shade tolerance were investigated to develop Orostachys (Korean name, Nungyu bawisol) as a potted ornamental plant. The best plant growth was shown at 52% shading. Although plant growth decreased at 82% shading, ornamental value maintained at that shading rate, which indicate that O. 'Nungyu bawisol' has high shading tolerance. At over 90% shading, some of the plants died and showed decolorization and standing erect in leaves, resulting in a big decrease in ornamental value. Potting medium of decomposed granite (DG) : fertilizer-amended media (FAM) : river sand (RS) (6 : 2 : 2, v/v/v) showed the best growth in potted O. 'Nungyu bawisol'. Fresh weight of shoot part was 16 g in DG : FAM : RS (6 : 2 : 2, v/v/v), which was over 2 folds of those at the other medium. Drenching of Hyponex solution diluted by 1,000~2,000 folds 1 time per week brought the highest results in fresh weight, plant width, and runner number. Particularly, fresh weight of shoot part was 13 g higher than that of control (16 g). Leaf color tended to be darkened as concentration of Hyponex solution increased.

Characteristics of Luminance and Efficiency for External Electrode Fluorescent Lamps Driven by Square Pulses (구형파로 구동되는 외관전극 형광램프의 휘도 및 효율 특성)

  • 조태승;김영미;권남옥;김성중;강준길;최은하;조광섭
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.76-80
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    • 2002
  • Characteristic properties of fluorescent lamps operated by capacitively-coupled external electrodes have been investigated. External electrode fluorescent lamps(EEFLs) are typically operated at low currents less than 10 mA, and high voltages of about 1.5 kV. Luminance of up to 20,000 cd/$\textrm m^2$ with efficiency of above 40 lm/W is achieved in EEFLs driven by square pulses of the frequency lower than 100 kHz. It is also found that the brightness and efficiency of external electrode fluorescent lamps depend on the electrode length whose optimum length is about 3 cm.

Assessment of the Usefulness of an IMRT Plan Using a Shell-Type Pseudo Target with Patients in Stage III or IV of NSCLC (비소세포폐암 III, IV기 환자에 있어서 Shell-Type Pseudo Target을 이용한 세기 조절 방사선치료계획기법의 유용성 평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Bong;Park, Ki-Ju;Park, Du-Chan;Kim, Man-Wo;Kim, Jun-Gon;Noh, Sung-Hwan
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.95-106
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of an IMRT treatment plan according to whether there was a shell-type pseudo target during radiation therapy for patients in Stage III or IV of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: After setting an IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT) plan for when there was a shell-type pseudo target (SPT) and when there was none (WSPT) with 22 patients in Stage III or IV of NSCLC, the investigator analyzed dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and made assessment with dosimetric comparisons such as homogeneity index (HI) inside the tumor target, conformity index (CI) of the tumor target, spinal cord maximum dose, Esophagus $V_{50%}$, mean lung dose (MLD), and $V_{40%}$, $V_{30%}$, $V_{20%}$, $V_{10%}$, $V_{5%}$. Results: The mean CI of WSPT and SPT was $1.22{\pm}0.04$ and $1.16{\pm}0.032$ ($.000^*$), respectively, and the mean HI of WSPT and SPT was $1.06{\pm}0.015$ and $1.07{\pm}0.014$ ($.000^*$), respectively. In SPT, the mean of each CI difference decreased by $-5.16{\pm}2.54%$, while HI increased by average $0.81{\pm}0.47%$. Esophagus $V_{50%}$ recorded $14.54{\pm}12.01%$ (WSPT) and $12.14{\pm}11.09%$ ($.000^*$, SPT) with the mean of SPT differences dropping by $-26.37{\pm}25.05%$. Mean spinal cord maximum dose was $3,898.44{\pm}1,075.0$ cGy (WSPT) and $3,810.8{\pm}1,134.9$ cGy ($.004^*$, SPT) with SPT dropping by average $-3.36{\pm}5.81%$. As for lung $V_{X%}$, the mean of $V_{5%}$ and $V_{10%}$ differences was $-1.62{\pm}2.29%$ ($.006^*$) and $-1.98{\pm}5.02%$ ($.005^*$), respectively with SPT making a decrease. The mean of V20%, V30%, and V40% differences was $-3.51{\pm}3.07%$ ($.000^*$), $-4.84{\pm}6.01%$ ($.000^*$), and $-6.16{\pm}8.46%$ ($.001^*$), respectively, with SPT making a decrease with statistical significance. In MLD assessment, SPT also dropped by average $-2.83{\pm}2.41%$ ($.000^*$). Those results show that SPT allows for mean 169 cGy (Max: 547 cGy, Min: 6.4 cGy) prescription dose. Conclusion: An IMRT treatment plan with SPT during radiation therapy for patients in Stage III or IV of NSCLC will help to reduce the risk of lung toxicity and radiation-induced pneumonia by cutting down radiation doses entering the normal lung, reduce the local control failure rate during radiation therapy due to increasing prescription doses to a certain degree, and increase treatment effects.

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Microbial Degradation of Polyethylene Glycol (Polyethylene Glycol의 미생물학적 분해)

  • 이종근;이상준;이재동;박송희;박재림
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 1986
  • The bacteria capable of utilizing polyethylene glycol(PEG) 6,000 as a sole carbon source were isolated from soil and sewage water connected to factory area. The isolate designated as EL-033 had high biodegradability on PEG 6,000, and was identified as Micrococcus sp. Micrococcus sp. EL-033 could grow on and degrade di-, tri-, tetraethylene glycols and PEGs with molecular weight up to 6,000 and very slowly stilize PEG 20,000 as sole carbon source, but not degrade ethylene glycol. The growth rate of isolate was increased in the higher molecular weight PEGs. The optical culture medium was established to be as follow: PEG 6,000, 0.2%(w/v); $K_2HPO_4$, 0.1%; $NaH_2PO_4{\cdot}12H_2O,\;0.1%\;:\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.05%; polypeptone, 0.1% in distilled water, pH7.5. About 90% of PEG 6,000 was degraded in exponential phase of 48h culture and PEG 6,000 was completely degraded during 72h.

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Biodegradation of Kerosene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K14 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Kl4를 이용한 등유(Kerosene)의 생물학적 분해)

  • Kim, Jee-Young;Lee, Sang-Seob
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.156-163
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    • 2008
  • In this study, we isolated 32 strains of kerosene degrading bacteria from oil contaminated soil by enrichment culture. Isolates were screened for kerosene degradation efficiencies and K14 were selected which had the highest removal efficiency for 1,000 mg/L of kerosene. K14 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by morphological, biochemical test and 16S rDNA analysis. The optimal culture condition were determined as initial inoculated cell concentration, 1.0 g/L; substrate concentration, 1,000 mg/L; temperature $30^{\circ}C$; pH 7. When we enforced batch test in this condition, K14 degraded 72% of kerosene with 1,000 mg/L during 72 hr. And, at low concentration (200 mg/L), K14 degraded 95.8% of kerosene during 48 hr. As a result, kerosene biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K14 could be useful for clean up of groundwater and soil contaminated with crude oil.

External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp Backlight Driven by Square Pulses (외부전극 형광램프 백라이트의 구형파 구동)

  • 김영미;권남옥;김성중;조광섭;김봉수;천장호;강준길;이응원;양순철
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.46-50
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    • 2003
  • Characteristic properties of backlight arraying external electrode fluorescent lamps has been investigated indriving with a square wave from switch inverters. In the backlight of 17 inch-diagonal with 12 lamps, the efficiency of 65-70 1m/W with the luminance of 5,000-10,000 cd/$\textrm m^2$ has been achieved in the frequency range 40-80 kHz where the higher frequency provides the lower operating voltage in the range 1.0-2.0 kV. In the frequency above 80 kHz, a stable and an uniform luminance in the backlight panel can not be achieved.

Fabrication of Catalytic Conbustion type Sensor and its Measuring Characteristics (접촉 연소식 가스센서의 제조 및 계측특성)

  • Lee, D.S.;Han, S.D.;Myung, K.S.;Lee, S.H.;Son, Y.M.;Lee, J.D.
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 1995
  • Catalytic combustion type gas sensor was fabricated by using ${\gamma}-Al_{2}O_{3}$, Pd catalyst and some binders for metane and propane detection. Using the gas sensor, digital gas meter was manufactured and tested for sensing performance. The fabricated sensor had power consumption of 700mW with applied voltage of dc 2V and the output voltage of the sensor was about 700mV for propane of 1,000ppm and 500mV for methane of 1,000ppm. In 10 cycle injection of the gases of 2,400ppm, The digital meter showed good sensitivity, linearity, and reproductivity with precision of ${\pm}25ppm({\pm}1%)$.

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Decomposition Reaction of Methanol over Ni-Cu/SiO$_2$Catalyst (Ni-Cu/SiO$_2$촉매 상에서의 메탄올 분해 반응)

  • 박지영;문승현;윤형기;박성룡;이상남;정승용
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 1996
  • Decomposition reaction of methanol was conducted on Ni-Cu/SiO$_2$catalysts with several variables. Variables used in this study are S.V(Space Velocity), partial pressure of methanol, reaction temperature, and composition rate of Ni-Cu. The range of S.V is 10,000-30,000h$\^$-1/, the temperature range is 150-400$^{\circ}C$ and values of Cu/(Ni+Cu) are 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. Over Ni/SiO$_2$, and Ni-Cu/SiO$_2$, the conversion rate of decomposition reaction of methanol arrived at 100% with increasing of temperature. At this time the selectivity of CO on Ni/SiO$_2$, was suddenly decreased, but on Ni-Cu/SiO$_2$, it was still sustained highly. The main products of reaction were CO and H$_2$, and by-products were CO$_2$ and CH$_4$mainly.

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Carbide Precipitation Behavior During Normalizing Heat Treatment in Low-alloyed Cr-Mo-V-Ti Steel (Cr-Mo-V-Ti 저합금강에서 노멀라이징 열처리조건에 따른 석출물의 거동)

  • Kim, Hong-Ki;Na, Hye-Sung;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Kang, Chung-Yun
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2017
  • Heat treatment condition for dissolution of the M23C6 carbides in 2.25Cr-1Mo-V-Ti material for thermal power plant tube was investigated using a dilatometer method. 2.25Cr-1Mo-V-Ti material was heat-treated at $900{\sim}1,100^{\circ}C$ for 0, 10, 30 min to find the proper dissolution condition of M23C6 carbides. The phase identification and volume fraction of the carbide were measured by using OM, SEM, EBSD and TEM analysis. Optimal heat treatment condition of M23C6 carbide dissolution was selected by predicting dissolution temperature of carbide using Bs points appeared at dilatometer curve. Experimental results showed that the conditions of carbide dissolution was 900, 1,000, $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Eventually, the optimal heat treatment condition for dissolution was 30 min at $1,000^{\circ}C$ considering the minimum coarsening of Austenite grain size.