• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.571-579
• /
• 2010

Jeupjang has long been considered only a local delicacy. So, it has gradually been forgotten because its name and definition have not been established. This study was performed in order to provide some basic data by comparing the general components, color, free amino acids, free sugar, organic acids and antioxidant activities between commercial Jeupjang(GG, GD, JM, NJ, NS). Moisture contents, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash contents of Jeupjang were 48.07~61.77%, 4.08~10.53%, 3.92~4.64%, and 3.63~9.95%. pH, titrable acidity and salt in Jeupjang were 4.32~5.50, 9.37~14.82 mL(1N-NaOHmL), and 3.27~8.90%. Amino-type nitrogen content is 42.05~ 138.83mg%. Lightness(L), redness(a) and yellowness(b) values in color of Jeupjang were10.04~21.89, 18.92~28.80, and 17.16~37.56. The total content of free amino acids in commercial Jeupjang ranged from 35.22mg% to 306.02mg% in which it showed wide variation among samples. The major free amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and proline. The major free sugars were fructose(0.31~1.60%), glucose(6.20~ 13.61%) and maltose(7.34~10.01%). The major organic acids were succinic acid(29.08~ 103.62 mg%) and citric acid(3.08~108.69 mg%). Total polyphenol contents were from 1.16 mg/g to 1.78 mg/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity is from 0.57 AEAC to 1.53 AEAC and ABTS radical scavenging activity is from 1.58 AEAC to 2.85 AEAC. This result might cause the differences of soybean composition, processing methods and brewing periods. For the succession of traditional fermented food such as Jeupjang, quality standards are required. To this end, the standardization of manufacturing processes must be followed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.4.1-4.7
• /
• 2016

This study evaluated the dietary lysine requirement by measuring the plasma free lysine concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after dorsal aorta cannulation. A basal diet containing 36.6 % crude protein (29.6 % crystalline amino acids mixture, 5 % casein and 2 % gelatin) was formulated to one of the seven L-amino acid based diets containing graded levels of lysine (0.72, 1.12, 1.52, 1.92, 2.32, 2.72 or 3.52 % dry diet). A total of 35 fish averaging $512{\pm}6.8g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were randomly distributed into seven groups with five fish in each group. After 48 h of feed deprivation, each group of fish was fed one of the experimental diets by intubation at 1 % body weight. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 24 h after intubation. Post-prandial plasma free lysine concentrations (PPlys, 5 h after intubation) of fish fed diets containing ${\geq}2.32%$ lysine were higher than those of fish fed diets containing ${\leq}1.92%$ lysine. Post-absorptive free lysine concentrations (PAlys, 24 h after intubation) of fish fed diets containing 2.32 and 3.52 % lysine were higher than those of fish fed diets containing ${\leq}1.52%$ lysine. The brokenline regression analysis on the basis of PPlys and PAlys indicated that the lysine requirement of rainbow trout could be 2.34 and 2.20 % in diet. Therefore, these results strongly suggested that the dietary lysine requirement based on the broken-line model analyses of PPlys and PAlys could be greater than 2.20 % but less than 2.34 % (corresponding to be $6.01%{\leq},but{\leq}6.39%$ in dietary protein basis, respectively) in rainbow trout. Also, these results shown that the quantitative estimation of lysine requirement by using PPlys and PAlys could be an acceptable method in fish.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.483-491
• /
• 2016

The conditions after exposure to digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis were analyzed. The examinations for the ACR phantom were done using manual exposure, not auto exposure, to examine image discrimination and patient dose. As a result, the following results were derived: In the CC exposure, the kVp was 2kVp higher while mAs decreased to 58.6% for the 3D tomography. Such result showed an approximate decrease of 60mAs. At that time, the patients' Average Glandular Dose (AGD) was 1.65mGy in 2D and 1.87mGy in 3D; thus, AGD of 3D was shown to have about 1.13times higher. The result of the manual exposure revealed a reduced mAs of up to 80%; there was no effect in the assessment standard in terms of image discrimination, resulting in more than 10 points. When mAs was reduced to 80% in the manual exposure for ACR phantom, AGD was decreased to 0.66mGy. The diagnostic values of images were maintained and patients dose was reduced in the manual exposure in the AEC condition for 3D. Since the use of 3D has recently increased, using the manual exposure has been recommended in this study to improve the diagnostic value, while, simultaneously reducing patients dose.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the optimal conditions for in vitro embryo production using oocytes derived from follicles of slaughter-house ovaries. The ovaries of Hanwoo were obtained from a local slaughter-house. The oocytes were aspirated from visible follicles of 2~7mm in diameter. The recovered oocytes which were completely surrounded by at least 2 layers of cumulus cells and a homogeneous cytoplasmic pigmentation were used. The selected oocytes were washed 3 or 4 times with D-PBS containing 10% bovine calf serum (BCS) and matured in vitor (IVM) in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 10% BCS or 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml epidermal growth factor(EGF) at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air for 24 hours. They were fertilizqed in vitro (IVF) with fresh sperm separated by Percoll density gradient or swim-up in TALP media. The zygotes were cultrued with or without bovine oviductal epitherial cells(BOEC) in media(HECM-6 supplemented with 11 amino acid and / or TCM-199 supplemented with 10% BCS) for 7 to 10 days. The results obtained were as follow: The cleavage rate and developmental rate to blastocyst after maturation and IVF were not significantly different between Ham's F-10 with EGF(76.0% vs. 44.0%) and BCS(75.9% vs. 43.6%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and development rate to blastocyst after fertilizing by swim-up or Percoll method were not signifciantly(P<0.05) different between swim-up (80.2% vs. 29.2%) and Percoll(81.9% vs. 26.5%) (P<0.05). The cleavage rate in TCM 199(80.5) was signficiantly higher than that in HECM-6 (72.0%) (P<0.05). However, developmental rate to blastocyst using TCM 199 following HECM-6 for 3 or 4 days (42.2%) was significantly higher than that in TCM-199 alone(26.7%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and development rate of embryos produced in vitro by exchange timing for HECM-6 media were not significantly different between in day 3(78.6% vs. 45.5%) and day 4(75.0% vs. 43.2%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and developmental rate to blastocysts according to co-culture system were not significantly different between with (74.2% vs. 41.4%) and without BOEC(73.95 vs. 43.5%) (P<0.05). The number of blastomere in blastocyst stage after co-culture with or without BOEC was not significantly different (106.7$\pm$5.1 and 96.6$\pm$4.0). In conclusion, the most transferable IVP embryos could be produced from Ham's F-10 medium for IVM, Percoll density gradient method for IVF sperm separation and in vitro culture in HECM-6 until day 3 or day 4, and then transferred into TCM-199 until day 9 within adequate embryo density in culture droplets after insemination.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are broadly used to control weeds and pests, and the residues remaining in crops are managed in accordance with the MRLs (maximum residue limits). Therefore, an analytical method is required to quantify the residues, and we conducted a series of analyses to select and validate the quick and simple analytical method for tolpyralate in five agricultural products using QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). METHODS AND RESULTS: The agricultural samples were extracted with acetonitrile followed by addition of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, disodium hydrogencitrate sesquihydrate and trisodium citrate dihydrate. After shaking and centrifugation, purification was performed with d-SPE (dispersive-solid phase extraction) sorbents. To validate the optimized method, its selectivity, linearity, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantitation), accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility from the inter-laboratory analyses were considered. LOQ of the analytical method was 0.01 mg/kg at five agricultural products and the linearity of matrix-matched calibration were good at seven concentration levels, from 0.0025 to 0.25 mg/L (R²≥0.9980). Mean recoveries at three spiking levels (n=5) were in the range of 85.2~112.4% with associated relative standard deviation values less than 6.2%, and the coefficient of variation between the two laboratories was also below 13%. All optimized results were validated according to the criteria ranges requested in the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) guidelines. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we suggest that the selected and validated method could serve as a basic data for detecting tolpyralate residue in imported and domestic agricultural products.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 2000

This study surveyed the opinion of Korean residents in New York, Houston, and Los Angeles in the United States, on Korean food and the way to spread them internationally. The results were as follows: Over 71% of the respondents had interests on Korean food, and 39% of them answered the reason why they like Korean food is that it usually contains many important nutrients and little fat. Over 73% of the respondents were interested in spreading Korean food internationally, and 35% of them thought the sauces and the spices of the Korean food should be improved to be favored internationally. Foreigners'favorite Korean main dishes were Bibimbap and Ddunk-manduguk, favorite si de dishes were Bulgogi, Kalbigui, Chapchae, and Kimchi, and favorite desserts were Sikhe and Ginseng tea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 1999

Geometrically standardized dental radiographs were taken. We prepared Digital Cu-Equivalent Image Analyzing System for quantitative assessment of mandible bone. Images of radiographs were digitized by means of Quick scanner and personal Mcquintosh computer. NIH image as software was used for analyzing images. A stepwedge composed of 10 steps of 0.1mm copper foil in thickness was used for reference material. This study evaluated the effects of step numbers of copper wedge adopted for calculating equation. kVp and exposure time on the coefficient of determination(r²)of the equation for conversion to Cu-equivalent image and the coefficient of variation and Cu-Eq value(mm) measured at each copper step and alveolar bone of the mandible. The results were as follows: 1. The coefficients of determination(r²) of 10 conversion equations ranged from 0.9996 to 0.9973(mean=0.9988) under 70kVp and 0.16 sec. exposure. The equation showed the highest r was Y=4.75614612-0.06300524x +0.00032367x² -0.00000060x³. 2. The value of r² became lower when the equation was calculated from the copper stepwedge including 1.0mm step. In case of including 0mm step for calculation. the value of r showed variability. 3. The coefficient of variation showed 0.11, 0.20 respectively at each copper step of 0.2, 0.1mm in thickness. Those of the other steps to 0.9 mm ranged from 0.06 to 0.09 in mean value. 4. The mean Cu-Eq value of alveolar bone was 0.14±0.02mm under optimal exposure. The values were lower than the mean under the exposures over 0.20sec. in 60kVp and over 0.16sec. in 70kVp. 5. Under the exposure condition of 60kVp 0.16sec.. the coefficient of variation showed 0.03. 0.05 respectively at each copper-step of 0.3, 0.2mm in thickness. The value of r² showed over 0.9991 from both 9 and 10 steps of copper. The Cu-Eq value and the coefficient of variation was 0.14±0.01mm and 0.07 at alveolar bone respectively. In summary. A clinical application of this system seemed to be useful for assessment of quantitative assessment of alveolar provided high coefficient of determination is obtained by the modified adoption of copper step numbers and the low coefficient of variation for the range of Cu-Equivalent value of alveolar bone from optimal kVp and exposure time for each x-ray machine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.1054-1060
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating effects of cattle breed resources and alternative mixed-feeding practices on meat productivity and emission intensities from household farming systems (HFS) in Daklak Province, Vietnam. Methods: Records from Local $Yellow{\time}Red$ Sindhi (Bos indicus; Lai Sind) and 1/2 Limousin, 1/2 Drought Master, and 1/2 Red Angus cattle during the growth (0 to 21 months) and fattening (22 to 25 months) periods were used to better understand variations on meat productivity and enteric methane emissions. Parameters were determined by the ruminant model. Four scenarios were developed: (HFS1) grazing from birth to slaughter on native grasses for approximately 10 h plus 1.5 kg dry matter/d (0.8% live weight [LW]) of a mixture of guinea grass (19%), cassava (43%) powder, cotton (23%) seed, and rice (15%) straw; (HFS2) growth period fed with elephant grass (1% of LW) plus supplementation (1.5% of LW) of rice bran (36%), maize (33%), and cassava (31%) meals; and HFS3 and HFS4 computed elephant grass, but concentrate supplementation reaching 2% and 1% of LW, respectively. Results: Results show that compared to HFS1, emissions ($72.3{\pm}0.96kg\;CH_4/animal/life$; least squares $means{\pm}standard$ error of the mean) were 15%, 6%, and 23% lower (p<0.01) for the HFS2, HFS3, and HFS4, respectively. The predicted methane efficiencies ($CO_2eq$) per kg of LW at slaughter ($4.3{\pm}0.15$), carcass weight ($8.8{\pm}0.25kg$) and kg of edible protein ($44.1{\pm}1.29$) were also lower (p<0.05) in the HFS4. In particular, irrespective of the HSF, feed supply and ratio changes had a more positive impact on emission intensities when crossbred 1/2 Red Angus cattle were fed than in their crossbred counterparts. Conclusion: Modest improvements on feeding practices and integrated modelling frameworks may offer potential trade-offs to respond to climate change in Vietnam.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.951-963
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behaviors, the self-perception of body images, the hematological indices and the nutrient intake of adolescent female athletes in Incheon. The subjects were 112 female athletes(track and fleld: n=32, target shooting: n=27, fencing n=29, swimming: n=14, badminton: n=10) from middle and high schools in Incheon. This cross-sectional study was conducted by means of a sol(-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, serum iron, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS). Nutrient intakes obtained by means of the 3 day-recall method were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 program. Most of the female athletes had dietary problems such as eating unbalanced meals, skipping meals, and preferences for processed foods. More than 60% of the female athletes skipped breakfast. As for perception of their body images, track and field athletes in particular, controlled their weights significantly better than the other athletes (p<0.05). With regard to their physical exertion during exercise, 56.3% of the swimmers and 31.3% of the track and field athletes answered “very hard”, which was a significant difference (p< 0.001). More than 80% of the female athletes experienced vertigo during exercise (p< 0.01). Also more than 50% of the female athletes, with the exception of the badminton players, had experienced irregular menstruation (p<0.05). The average serum iron levels (p<0.05), the serum ferritin levels (p<0.05) and TS (p<0.05) of the track and field athletes was significantly lower as compared to that of the other athletes. The nutrient intakes of the female athletes, with the exception of Vitamin B$_{6}$, niacin and phosphorus were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA). In particular, the calcium and iron intakes of the female athletes were under 50% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutritional education and supplementation are required for female athletes to encourage desirable eating habits, as well as to improve their nutritional status and exercise performances.s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1987

The present paper was attempted to obtain the basic date concerning a reasonable preparing method and optimum fermentation conditions of Kochujang (Red pepper paste). To establish the standard quality of Kochujang, the chemical compositions and the volatile components of Kochujang was discussed. The native Kochujang collected from 80 households contained 40.51% of moisture, 6.00% of salts, 3.25 % of crude fat, 10.30 % of crude ash, pH 4.79, 9.28ml of tillable acidity. 19.60% of reducing sugar, 179.51 mg/100g of amino nitrogen and 4.43% of total nitrogen. The volatiles of Kochujang were extracted by a steam-distillation under the reduced pressure and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total volatile components identified in the native Kochujang were 46 components, i. e., 30 components in neutral fraction, 8 components in phenolic fraction and 8 components in acidic fraction, respectively. But no components were detected basic fraction.