• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2014

Lonicera insularis Nakai (Caprifoliaceae) is Korean endemic plant that lives along the shore of Ulleungdo and Dokdo. The aim of this study is to construct a phylogenetic relationship within six species (L.maackii, L.chrysantha, L.subsessilis, L. harai, L. morrowii) of genus Lonicera L. and Wigela subsessilis as outgroup and intraspecific variation of L. insularis using chloroplast DNA five regions sequences. Sequence analysis revealed that both L. insularis and L. morrowii showed complete homologies in the intergenic regions of trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, psbM-trnD and matK coding region. However, sequence in the petN-psbM intergenic region showed a single nucleotide difference between both species, thus we designated them as CP01 and CP02. The plants having CP01 are prevalent in the Ulleungdo and Dokdo, while L. insularis and L. morrowii from Ulleungdo and of Dokdo, and Japan have CP02. This confirmed the existence of two cp DNA lineages with different geographical distributions. We can infer the allopatric speciation by geographical barrier. The result will provide the important basal data to study speciation and specie evolution of ocean islands such as Ulleungdo and Dokdo.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.244-251
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• 2005

The relationship between particle size of hydro-thermally synthesized barium titanate powders (BT01, BT02, BT03, BT04, BT05) and the powder properties was investigated by means of particle size, specific surface area, zeta potential, XPS, XRD and SEM. Particle size determined by laser light scattering is closely related with specific surface area and the tetragonality (c/a) obtained from XRD. The specific surface area of the samples inversely decreased with increasing particle size except BT03 powder. BT03 sample showed higher surface area than BT04 sample of equivalent particle size, which was attributed mostly to the agglomeration of particles in terms of SEM image and XRD analysis. Zeta potential increased with increasing particle size with the exception of BT02 and BT03 which showed larger minus value of zeta potential in comparison with other BT powders. Beta potential results of BT02 and BT03 are considered to be related with the dissolution of $Ba^{2+}$ ion in these powers which was examined by XPS.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.267-270
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• 2009

Naringenin is a bioactive flavanone containing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. The inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase of naringenin and its novel derivatives were evaluated. Among these flavonoids at $200{\mu}M$ concentration, 7-O-butyl naringenin had the highest inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase with 44.84%. In addition, For naringenin at concentrations of 0, 150, and $190{\mu}M$, the apparent Michaelis constants ($_{app}K_m$) were calculated to be $0.60{\pm}0.02$, $0.43{\pm}0.02$, and $0.41{\pm}0.01\;mg/mL$ of substrate, respectively; for 7-O-butyl naringenin at 0, 20, and $30{\mu}M$ concentrations, those were $0.44{\pm}0.03$ and $0.27{\pm}0.03\;mg/mL$, respectively. The $V_{max}$ values at 150 and $190{\mu}M$ naringenin were $0.59{\pm}0.02$ and $0.56{\pm}0.01\;mg/mL/min$, respectively; and those at 20 and $30{\mu}M$ 7-O-butyl naringenin were $0.50{\pm}0.02$ and $0.33{\pm}0.02\;mg/mL/min$, respectively. However, the slopes of each inhibitory reaction were not significantly different. Therefore, naringenin and 7-O-butyl naringenin were shown to be uncompetitive inhibitors. These results demonstrate the potential use of 7-O-butyl naringenin as an anti-inflammatory substance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the hepatic anti-steatosis activity of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic compound of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, as well as its possible mechanism of action, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. Mice were fed a HFD, or a HFD supplemented with 0.01% (w/w) CA or 0.02% (w/w) CA, for a period of 12 weeks, after which changes in body weight, blood lipid profiles, and fatty acid mechanism markers were evaluated. The 0.02% (w/w) CA diet resulted in a marked decline in steatosis grade, as well as in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) results, body weight gain, liver weight, and blood lipid levels (P < 0.05). The expression level of hepatic lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulating element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was significantly lower in mice fed 0.01% (w/w) CA and 0.02% (w/w) CA diets than that in the HFD group; on the other hand, the expression level of ${\beta}$-oxidation-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ (PPAR-${\alpha}$), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), was higher in mice fed a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet, than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). In addition, the hepatic content of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly lower in mice fed the 0.02% (w/w) CA diet than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that orally administered CA suppressed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fatty liver-related metabolic disorders through decrease of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid elongation and increase of fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in mice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.356-360
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• 2021

Background: Primary pulmonary malignant mesenchymal tumors are rare, constituting only 0.4% of all lung cancers. Since sarcomas are chemo/radio-resistant, surgical resection is the optimal treatment choice for patients with suitable medical conditions and tumor stage. In the present study, we analyzed the surgical outcomes and survival of primary pulmonary malignant mesenchymal tumors treated surgically. Methods: We retrospectively examined the records of patients with primary pulmonary malignant mesenchymal tumors who underwent surgical resection at our department between January 2010 and December 2020. Patient data were analyzed according to age, sex, tumor grade and stage, resection completeness, surgical type, and tumor histopathology. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study. There were 13 men (65%) and 7 women (35%). The median survival rate was 36 months (range, 19-53 months), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 37%. Unfavorable prognostic factors for overall survival included parietal pleural invasion (p=0.02), high tumor grade (p=0.02), advanced tumor stage (p=0.02), and extensive parenchymal resection (pneumonectomy and bilobectomy, p=0.01). The median length of disease-free survival was 31 months (interquartile range, 21-41 months), and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 32%. The most unfavorable prognostic factors for recurrence were parietal pleural invasion (p=0.02), high tumor grade (p=0.01), and tumors requiring lung resection with chest wall resection (p=0.02). Conclusion: Primary malignant mesenchymal lung tumors are aggressive and have a high mortality rate. However, acceptable overall and disease-free survival rates can be obtained with surgical therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1972

Benzidine dihydrochloride crystallizes in the triclinic system. The space group is $P_1$. The unit cell dimensions are; a = 4.38${\pm}$0.01, b = 5.76${\pm}$0.01, c = 12.82${\pm}$0.02${\AA}$, $\alpha$ = 101.5${\pm}$0.2, $\beta$ = 99.5${\pm}$0.2, $\gamma$ = 99.5${\pm}$0.2$^{\circ}$; with one molecule per unit cell. The crystal structure has been solved by two dimensional Patterson and by trial and error methods, and refined by means of two dimensional differential synthesis. The bond distances are C-C(*) = 1.40${\pm}$0.02, C-C = 1.52${\pm}$0.02, C-N = 1.51${\pm}$0.03 and N-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$Cl = 3.21${\pm}$0.03${\AA}$. The structure consists of hydrogen bonded molecular layers, extending to the (100) plane, and the hydrogen bonding scheme is similar to that of p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride. The adhesion between hydrogen bonded molecular layers is due to van der Waals forces.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2000

Purpose : We already reported the results that aqueous extract of Korean ginseng roots showed a marked cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether combined ginseng product with X-irradiation increase the cytotoxicity of tumor cells than X-irradiation or not. Materials and Methods : Fifty gram of Korean ginseng powder mixed with 1 L of distilled water was extracted with reflux flask under condition of $100^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. This aquaous ginseng extract was filtered, centrifuged and then was freezed under condition of $-90^{\circ}C$ for 16-18 hrs. The freezing extract was dried with freeze drier, and then diluted. X-irradiation was given to tumor cells by 6 MeV linear accelerator. The cytotoxicity of ginseng in vitro was evaluated from its ability to reduce the clonogenecity of fibrosarcoma (FSa II) cells. In X-irradiation alone group, each 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy was given to tumor cells. In X-irradiation with ginseng group, 0.2 mg/mL of ginseng extract was exposed to tumor cells for 1 hour before X-irradiation. Results : The yield for 50 g of ginseng extract which was treated with freezing drier was 3.13 g($6.3\%$). Cytotoxicity In vitro was measured as survival fraction which was judged from the curve, at ginseng concentration of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were $0.89\pm0.04$, $0.86\pm0.06$, $0.73\pm0.01$ and $0.09\pm0.02$, respectively. Survival fraction at X-irradiation alone of 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy were $0.81\pm0.07$, $0.42\pm0.08$, $0.15\pm0.02$, $0.03\pm0.01$, respectively. But, suwival fraction in combined group of X-irradiation and ginseng (0.2mg/ml) at each same radiation dose were $0.28\pm0.01$, $0.18\pm0.03$, $0.08\pm0.02$, $0.006\pm0.002$, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : The yield for ginseng extract which was treated with freezing drier was $6.3\%$. Cytotoxicty of Fsa 11 in combined ginseng with X-irradiation group was increased than that of X-irradition alone group, and its enhancing effect seemed to be added.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether radiation adaptive response could be induced by high dose I-131 therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Lymphocytes from 21 patients (7 males, 14 females, mean age $55{\pm}12$ years) were collected before and after administration of 5,550 MBq (150 mCi) I-131. They were exposed to a challenge dose of 1 Gy gamma rays using a Cs-137 cell irradiator. The number of ring-form (R) and dicentric (D) chromosomes was counted under the light microscope, and used to calculate the frequency of chromosomal aberration. Ydr, which was defined as the sum of R and D divided by the total number of counted lymphocytes. Results: Ydr in patients before I-131 therapy ($0.09{\pm}0.01$) was not different from that of controls ($0.08{\pm}0.01$). Ydr was significantly increased to $0.13{\pm}0.02$ (p<0.0001) after I-131 therapy. Increase of Ydr after the challenge irradiation of 1 Gy was significantly lower in patients after I-131 therapy than before I-131 therapy ($0.17{\pm}0.03\;vs\;0.21{\pm}0.02$, p<0.0001). Cycloheximide (CHM), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, abolished this effect. Ydr after CHM ($0.20{\pm}0.01$) was significantly higher than Ydr after I-131 therapy ($0.17{\pm}0.03$, p<0.0001), but was not different from Ydr before I-131 therapy ($0.21{\pm}0.02$).Conclusion: High dose I-131 therapy induces an adaptive response in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, which is associated with protein synthesis.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.304-307
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• 2005

The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) in water/acetic acid solution at $35^{circ}C$ was studied at two different solvent compositions. The mole fractions of vinyl acetate (Vac) and vinyl alcohol (VA) during the course of the reaction were determined by NMR, and the equilibrium constant $K_{eq}$ of the reaction was determined using the molar ratio of VAc to VA at the chemical equilibrium. $K_{eq}$ was 0.75 (${\pm}0.01$) when the VAc mole faction at the equilibrium was 0.78 (${\pm}0.01$) and it was 0.69 (${\pm}0.01$) when the VAc mole fraction was 0.57 (${\pm}$0.02). The reaction was found to be a pseudo 1-st order reaction with the rate coefficient at $3.4{\times}10^{-6}/sec$.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was investigation of quantitative analysis of marker substances in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix by High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). HPLC was performed for determination of nodakenin and decursin in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract, the separation method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (330 nm). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time of nodakenin and decursin was about 11.47, 46.79 min and linearity of calibration was showed good result(r2=0.9999, 0.9999), respectively. Content of nodakenin was $0.76\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in control, $0.31\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $0.51\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $0.82\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST)(p<0.05) and $0.88\;{\pm}\;0.01%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.01). Content of decursin was $4.50\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in control, $2.90\;{\pm}\;0.05%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $2.65\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $4.46\;{\pm}\;0.11%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST) and $4.73\;{\pm}\;0.04%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.05), respectively.