• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.498-503
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity and ${\alpha}-Amylase$, ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$, pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro by different solvent fractions from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. The values of $IC_{50}$ against Calu-6 cell showed a high effect in n-hexane fraction ($10.13{\mu}g/mL$) whereas DW fraction exhibited the weakest inhibition on cell viability, having an $IC_{50}$ value of over $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The values of $IC_{50}$ against HCT-116 cell showed the highest activity in n-BuOH fraction ($102.01{\mu}g/mL$), followed by n-hexane fraction ($145.85{\mu}g/mL$), methylene chloride fraction ($332.02{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($462.93{\mu}g/mL$) and DW fracion ($>1,000{\mu}g/mL$). ${\alpha}-Amylase$ inhibitory activity in methylene chloride fraction and ethyl acetate fraction was found to have a higher inhibitory effect with 24.5% and 25.6% than the other fractions. The highest ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ inhibitory activity was observed from the ethyl acetate fraction extract, while the extract of DW fraction showed the lowest level of inhibitory activity at given experiment concentration. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of C. lanceolata was found to have a higher the effect in ethyl acetate fraction. Inhibition of lipase activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction showed a relatively high, while the extract of DW fraction showed the lowest level at given experiment concentration. These results suggested that the roots of C. lanceolata may assist in the potential biological activity on carbohydrate, lipid Inhibitory activity and anticancer activity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2015

삼채뿌리와 잎이 가진 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용도를 높이고자 다양한 생리활성을 평가하였다. 삼채뿌리의 조사포닌, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 4.28 mg/g, 18.27 mg/g, 0.95 mg/g, 삼채잎의 조사포닌, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 4.17mg/g, 35.91 mg/g, 2.79 mg/g으로 나타났다. 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위의 70% 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 $IC_{50}$으로 23.01 mg/mL, 4.82 mg/mL로 나타났으며, hydroxyl radical 소거능 $IC_{50}$ 값이 각각 40.82 mg/mL, 27.24 mg/mL를 나타났다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 저해 활성은 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위 에탄올 추출물 10 mg/mL를 처리했을 때 억제활성이 각각 61.38%, 61.01%로 나타났다. 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위의 아질산염 소거능을 측정한 결과, 삼채추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 활성 역시 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 삼채뿌리보다는 삼채잎 부위에 항산화 및 항당뇨 활성이 나타났으며, 삼채잎을 활용한 식품 소재로써 개발할 가치가 매우 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.193-209
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• 1987

Patterns of amylase secretion in mouse pancreatic fragments were studied over a period of time after the tissue was stimulated by acetyicholine and MNNG. MNNG is known to activate guanylate cyclase and thus increase the cGMP concentration in the pancreatic acinar cell. These amylase secretion patterns were studied to investigate the role of cGMP in reaction cascade during secretion response of the tissues stimulated by acetyicholine. Cellular response of amylase secretion in the pancreas by acetyicholine was divided into two phases. During the first phase, zymogen granules which had existed in the cells were secreted by the action of $Ca^2$+ and calmodulin immediately after secretagogue administration, this being known as the initial response. When the tissue was stimulated by acetylcholine in a $Ca^2$+-deficient medium or one containing trifluoperazine as a calmodulin antagonist, this initial response was reduced. In the second phase, newly formed zymogen granules were secreted as sustained response after protein synthesis was triggered by secretagogue. This response was provoked by an activation of protein kinase C. When either cycloheximide as a protein synthesis inhibitor or dibucaine as a protein kinase C inhibitor were added to the incubation medium, this sustained response was remarkablely depressed in the pancreatic fragments stimulated with acetylcholine. In the pancreatic acinar cell, phosphatidylinositol turnover plays an important role in the secretion response and hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits this phosphatidylinositol turnover. The pancreatic tissue treated with the hexachlorocyclohexane exhibited inhibition on both initial and sustained responses of amylase secretion by acetylcholine. MNNG also accelerated amylase secretion from the tissue gradually along incubation time. The 22 minutes fraction of the pancratic secretion after administration of both acetylcholine and MNNG showed higher amylase activity than the neighboring fractions. Guanylate cyclase potentiated the sustained response. Even if it is experimented with an indirect method, guanylate cyclase was found responsible for activation of the sustained response of a step prior to the action of protein kinase C. As conclusion, it was considered that amylase secretion in mouse pancreatic fragments stimulated by acetylcholine is a three phasic response.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 노간주나무 추출물의 항산화 및 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase을 조사하여 항산화소재로 이용하고자 실험하였다. 노간주나무 추출물의 항산화효과를 살펴보기 위하여 총 폴리페놀 함량을 측정한 결과 열수추출물은 71.3mg/g, 에탄올추출물은 116.0 mg/g 함량을 포함하고 있었으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 열수추출물은 17.7 mg/g, 에탄올추출물은 76.4 mg/g 함량을 포함하고 있었다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 열수추출물은 76.4%, 에탄올 추출물은 79.3% 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. FRAP 값을 측정한 결과 열수추출물에서 1.83 mM를 에탄올추출물에서 1.77 mM로 열수추출물에서 더 높은 효과를 나타내었다. ACE 활성억제효과는 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 열수추출물 75.39%, 에탄올 추출물 71.25%로 저해율을 나타내었다. 노간주나무 추출물의 antioxidant protection factor를 측정한 결과 열수추출물의 경우는 1.5 PF, 에탄올추출물의 경우는 2.1 PF를 나타내었다. TBARS 저해율은 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물 각각 55.78%와 71.48%을 나타내었다. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase와 ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해효과를 측정한 결과 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 각각 70%와 90% 이상의 저해효과를 나타내어 항산화 및 항당뇨 예방물질 소재로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.374-382
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• 2013

The objective of this study was determined to evaluate ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the several Korean resources plants. The ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of Salicornia herbacea, Erythronium japonicum (flower) and Phragmites communis (root) in water extract showed relatively high 62.8%, 66.5% and 69.3%, respectively. The ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of Citrus junos (pericarp) and Cornus officinalis in methanol extract was found to have an effect with 32.8% in Citrus junos (pericarp) and 60.9% in Cornus officinalis. Corylopsis coreana in both water and methanol extract had the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 81.7% and 89.5%, while the extract of Portulaca oleracea, Ficus carica and Citrus junos was not measured ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity at given experiment concentration. Depending on the extraction solvent and the plant species, it was observed that there was a significant difference in ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity showed relatively higher in the methanol extract than water extract except pericarp of Citrus junos. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of selected plants was much difference between measured plant species, and showed that the increase was proportional to the concentration. These results suggested that selected plants had the potent biological activity on carbohydrate, lipid Inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity, therefore these plant resources could be a good materials to develop medicinal preparations, nutraceuticals or health functional foods for diabetes or obesity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1985

Ganoderma lucidum (영지)의 액체 배양물로부터 전분을 강력하게 분해하는 amylase를 조정제하여 이 효소의 기본적인 성질을 조사하였다. 이 효소의 최적작용 pH와 온도는 각각 5.5, 5$0^{\circ}C$였고 pH 및 열처리에 상당히 불안정한 효소였으며 activation energy는 7.06Kcal/mole이였다. M $n^{++}$, $Ca^{++}$ 및 C $u^{++}$에 의해서 효소활성이 증가되었으나 H $g^{++}$ A $g^{+}$에 의해서 효소활성이 저해되었으며 여러 가지 chemical reagents에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. Soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin 및 glycogen에 대한 Km 치는 0.16, 0.37, 0.19 및 0.16mg/$m\ell$ 였으며 각종기질에 대한 분해능력을 조사한 결과 열처리를 받은 전분류는 분해할 수 있었으나 생전분은 그 분해속도가 느렸다. Maltose에 의해서 효소활성이 저해되었으며 maltose의 저해양상은 competitive inhibition을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2012

After a mixed carbohydrate diet, inhibition of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase involved in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates can significantly decrease the postprandial increase of blood glucose level. In the course of screening these useful enzyme inhibitors, we selected five kinds of bean, using an in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay method. To evaluate the effect of germination process on the functionality of the bean, we investigated the inhibitory activities of the water extracts of non-germinated bean and germinated bean against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, relevant to postprandial hyperglycemia. We also investigated the oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), total phenolics content, and postprandial blood glucose lowering effect in rats(Sprague-Dawley rat model). Most germinated beans showed significantly higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, compared with non-germinated beans. Among germinated beans, Glycine max had the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity(53.3%). The water extract of germinated Phaseolus vulgaris L. had the highest ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity(95.1%), followed by Glycine max(58.7%), and Glycine max L. Merr(54.1%). Furthermore, the five germinated beans also showed high antioxidant activities in ORAC assay. Results suggested that the germination process may improve and enhance the anti-hyperglycemia potential and antioxidant activity of the bean.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1993

결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)에 기인(起因)하는 물질(物質)이 타(他) 식물(植物) 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 및 생육(生育)을 억제(抑制)하는 타감(他感) 현상(現象)을 보인다는 것이 확인(確認)되었으며, 이 현상(現象)을 이용(利用)하여 자연(自然) 생태계(生態系) 또는 농업(農業) 생태계(生態系)에서 널리 일어나는 타감(他感) 현상(現象)의 일반적(一般的)인 작용(作用) 기작(機作)을 이해(理解)하고자 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)을 처리(處理)하여 발아(發芽) 시간별(時間別)로 수분(水分) 함량(含量), ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性), protease의 활성, abscisin산(酸)의 함량(含量), 전(全) phenol 화합물(化合物)의 함량(含量) 등(等)을 측정(測定)하여 이를 무처리구(無處理區)와 비교(比較), 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 다음과 같이 요약(要約)한다. 1. 무우, 벼, 상치, 보리 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 실험(實驗)으로 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)에 기인(起因)하는 물질(物質)이 발아율(發芽率)을 저하(低下)시키는 타감(他感) 현상(現象)을 보이며, 상치와 무우에서 특(特)히 뚜렷하였다. 2. 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)의 처리(處理)에 의한 무우의 발아저해(發芽沮害)는 단백질(蛋白質) 합성기(合成期)에 protease 활성(活性)(합성(合成))의 증가(增加) 이후에 수분함량(水分含量)의 감소(減少)와 더불어 전(全) phenol 화합물(化合物)의 축적(蓄積)(분해저해(分解沮害))의 순서(順序)로 진행(進行)되었다. 3. 반면, 벼에서는 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)의 처리(處理)에 의해서 abscisin산(酸)의 축적(蓄積)에 따른 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性)(합성(合成))감소(減少)에 의해 발아(發芽)가 저해(沮害)되어 Einhelling의 가설(假說)과 부분적(部分的)으로 일치(一致)하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권1호통권76호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1996

토양에서 분리된 A. alternata의 조효소액은 ammonium sulfate 염석, 투석 Sephadex G-100 column chromatography를 통하여 정제한 후 SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동에 의해 단일 band의 ${\alpha}-amylase$를 얻었다. 이 효소의 물리화학적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 정제 효소의 최적 활성 pH는 5.0이었고 pH안정성 범위는 pH$3.6{\sim}7.0$으로 비교적 산성에서 안정성을 보이는 내산성 효소로 나타났다. 2. 효소의 최적 활성 온도는 $40^{\circ}C$, 열에 대한 안정성 범위는 $20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분 열처리시 잔존 활성이 71%로 세균류와 거의 동일한 내열성을 보였다. 3. 본 효소는 $Mn^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}$ 및 $Sn^{2+}$의해 활성이 촉진되었으나 $Ba^{2+},\;Pb^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ag^{1+}$에 의해 저해효과를 나타냈으며 또한 $Hg^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$는 $10^{-3}M$ 및 $10^{-4}M$ 농도에서 저해작용을 나타냈다. 그러나 최대 활성 저해시 잔존 활성이 83%로 본 효소는 전반적으로 금속 이온의 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 4. 본 효소의 soluble starch에 대한 $K_m$ 값은 $6.50{\times}10^{-2}$ M이었으며 1mM EDTA에 대한 $K_i$ 값은 $8{\times}10^{-2}M$로서 경쟁적 저해작용을 하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2007

Antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of acorn were evaluated by its potential for scavenging stable DPPH free radical, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and inhibiton of ${\alpha}-glucosidase\;and\;{\alpha}-amylase$. The water extract of acorn exhibited strong antioxidant and antidiabetic related activities in the tested model systems. Solvent fractionation of the water extract revealed that the water fraction and the EtOAc fraction had strong antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity on ${\alpha}-glucosidase\;and\;{\alpha}-amylase$. The water fraction exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=7.19{\mu}g/mL$) than that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol\;(EC_{50}=7.59{\mu}g/mL)$. It is considered that water extract of acorn has the potential for natural antioxidant and anti-diabetic products.