• Title/Summary/Keyword: 흡착율

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Heavy Metals Adsorption by Phosphorylated Wood and Bark (인산화 처리 목분과 수피에 의한 중금속 흡착)

  • Paik, Ki-Hyon;Kim, Dong-Ho;Lee, Dong-Heub
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 2000
  • To improve the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. sawdust and bark of pine (Pinus densiflora) and oak(Quercus accutisima) were phosphorylated. The phosphorylated sawdust and bark contained phosphorous of 1.2~1.3% in the treatment for 1 hr and 1.4~1.7% for 2 hrs regardless of species and tree segments. The sawdust indicated considerable increase in the adsorption ratio of $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$, however the adsorption of $Pb^{2+}$ was a little increased. The pine sawdust was more effective in the adsorption of heavy metal ions than that of oak. While the bark indicated little adsorption efficiency of heavy metal ions.

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Nitrogen adsorption on the stepped planes of tungsten: II. W(210) and W(310) plane (계단형 텅스텐 결정면의 질소 흡착에 관한 연구: II. W(210) 및 W(310)면)

  • 최대선;한종훈;백선목;박노길;김용욱;황정남
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 1996
  • The heat of desorption and the work function change induced by nitrogen adsorption on the slepped tungstein surface plants, W(210) and W(310), are measured using the Field Electron Emission Microscope(FEM). The adsoption sites are predicted from the Thermal Desortion Spectra(TDS). The wirk function change of both W(210) and W(310) planes increase as increasing the nitrogen dose and saturates at the nitrogen dose about 5 Langmuir to 0.29 eV and 0.20 eV respectively. We find three adsorption site on each plane for the low dose range. The TDS result shows that the intensity of $\alpha_1$ state on W(310) is much stronger than that of $\alpha_1$ state on W(210), and the direction of nitrogen dipole moment adsorbed on the sites correspond to $\alpha_1$ and $\beta_2$ state on W(210) and W(310) planes are in the opposite direction to that of the equivalent states on W(100) plane. From this observation we can predict the relative atomic position in the z-direction (perpendicular direction to the surface) of nitrogen molecules/atoms adsorbed on these sites.

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Removal of Harmful Gas with Wood or Bark Charcoal (목질 및 수피탄화물에 의한 기상 유해가스 흡착제거)

  • Jo, Tae-Su
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2008
  • To estimate removal ability of harmful gas by charcoal, we carbonized Red oak (Quercus mongolica Fischer) wood and Larch (Larix leptoepis) bark at $300^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Gas removal ratios was increased with carbonization temperature but there is no difference between wood and bark charcoal. In the case of bad smell and VOC gas, woody charcoal including bark charcoal carbonized at $300^{\circ}C$ showed low removal ratio, less than 50%, whereas woody charcoals which was carbonized at more than $600^{\circ}C$ reached almost 100% removal ratio to bad smell gas such as trimethylamine, methymercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, and to VOC such as benzene, toluene, xylene in $5{\ell}$ tedler bag with each gas of 100 ppm. It was thought that because charcoals carbonized at high temperature, for example, $600^{\circ}C$ or $900^{\circ}C$ have enough specific surface area to adsorb gas of 100 ppm. Moreover these charcoals rapidly removed almost gas in 10 minutes. However, acetylene, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$, charcoals which was carbonized more than $600^{\circ}C$ and which showed high removal ratio had low gas removal ratio of 40% at even 4 hours adsorption. It was concluded that adsorptive ability of woody charcoal was mainly influenced with carbonizing temperature, so that different charcoals carbonized at different temperature brings different gas removal ratio because these charcoals have not only different physical factor such as specific surface area but different chemical characteristic such as functional group, expected.

Removal of Aqueous Cyanide through the Utilization of Industrial By-products (산업부산물(제강 Sludge, 제강 Slag)을 이용한 시안 흡착 제거)

  • 이정원;현재혁;조재범
    • Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.89-99
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    • 1998
  • Sorption of the aqueous cyanide onto steel mill sludge and steel mill slag, both of which are the by-products from the converter furnace, was studied. In the study, the influence of temperature, activation energy, concentration and pH on sorption of cyanide was investigated. Three different temperature($25^{\circ}C$ > $37^{\circ}C$> $50^{\circ}C$) was chosen to represent that of landfill leachate. Initial concentration was 1 mg/$\ell$ 5 mg/$\ell$, 10 mg/$\ell$, and 20 mg/$\ell$. In addition, pH was set to three different level, that is, 3, 7, and 11 respectively. As the result of batch mode experiment for cyanide adsorption, the removal rate was found to be proportional to the initial concentration of cyanide. The order of removal rate was 20 mg/$\ell$> 10 mg/$\ell$> 5 mg/$\ell$> 1 mg/$\ell$. Similarly the influence of pH was proportional because of the change in solubility of cyanide. The order of removal rate was pH 11 > pH 7 > pH 3. As the temperature increased, so did the removal rate. The reaction was endothermic and the value of activation energy(Ea) was 127.93 J/mole and 59.44 J/mole respectively at 1 mg/ιand 20 mg/ιof initial concentration. From the experiment, it can be postulated that the capability of steel mill by-products to attenuate aqueous cyanide is enough to be used as substitute for clay liner of landfill site in the aspect of pollutant removal.

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Nitrogen Adsorption on the Stepped Planes of Tungsten: I.(210) Plane (텅스텐 결정면의 질소 흡착에 관한 연구 : I. (210)면)

  • 최대선;한종훈;백선목;박노길;김기석;김기석;황정남
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.358-366
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    • 1995
  • W(210)면의 질소 흡착에 의한 일함수의 변화, heat of desorption 및 흡착 site에 대하여 조사하였다. 텅스텐(210)면에 질소가 흡착될 때 흡착율에 따라 일함수는 증가하다가 최대 변화량 0.29eV에서 포화되었다. TDS결과로부터 이 면은 진소에 대하여 적어도 3개의 흡착 site가 있음을 알았고 high dose에서 흡착되는 $\beta$1 state까지 포함하면 모두 4개의 흡착 site 가 있으며 이 흡착 site들 중 $\alpha$1 state를 제외하고는 모두 일함수를 증가시키는 site임을 알았다. 질소는 W(210)면의 step((100)면)과 terrace((110)면)의 중 step에 흡착되고 독립된, 즉 무한히 큰 W(100)면의 $\alpha$1, $\alpha$2, 그리고 $\beta$2 state에 대응되는 흡착 site에 흡착된 질소의 dipole moment의 방향은 W(210)면의 step((100)면의 일부)의 $\alpha$1, $\alpha$2, 그리고 $\beta$2 state에 대응되는 흡착 site에 흡착된 질소의 dipole moment의 방향과 반대방향임을 알았다.

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다양한 흡착제에 의한 지하수 중의 불소제거 특성

  • Park, Hyeon-Ju;Jeong, Jin-Hwa;Song, Myeong-Gi;Na, Chun-Gi
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.423-427
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    • 2008
  • 지하수 중에 함유된 불소이온을 제거하기 위한 흡착제로 상용의 음이온교환수지(PA), 란탄산화물(La) 및 수산화아파타이트(HAp)를 선정하고 각각의 흡착특성을 회분식 실험을 통해 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) PA, La 및 HAp의 불소흡착은 Fruendlich isodtherm model 및 Pseudo-second-order kinetics model과 일치하는 거동을 보였다. 2) D-R model로부터 구한 흡착에너지는 9.66$\sim$12.90 kJ/mol로 이온교환메커니즘을 나타내는 흡착에너지 6$\sim$16 kJ/mol의 범위에 속하였다. 3) Van't Hoff 식에 이용하여 구한 ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$${\Delta}G^{\circ}$값은 각각 3.40$\sim$89.28 kJ/mol과 -12.26$\sim$-13.76 kJ/mol의 범위를 보여 모두 흡착과정이 발열반응이며 자발적으로 일어나는 조건임을 알 수 있었다. 4) PA는 pH 6$\sim$8인 중성영역에서 가장 높은 불소 제거율을 보였으며, La과 HAp는 산성영역으로 갈수록 불소 제거율이 증가하는 특성을 나타내었다. 5) 불소에 대한 흡착선택성은 La$\geq$HAp>PA 순으로 높았으며, La의 경우 불소를 제외한 모든 음이온에 대한 흡착능이 없을 정도로 불소에 대한 흡착 특이성을 보였다.

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A Study on the Adsorption of Sulfonamide Antibiotics on Activated Carbon Using Density Functional Theory (DFT 계산을 활용한 Sulfonamide계 항생물질의 활성탄 흡착에 관한 연구)

  • Jo, Jun-Ho;Lim, Dong-Hee;Seo, Gyu Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.35 no.7
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    • pp.457-463
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    • 2013
  • The removal of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) by activated carbon was investigated by using granular activated carbon (GAC) tests and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The GAC absorption tests show the removal efficiency of 68.4~90.7% and 99.0~99.9% in 1 and 24 hours, respectively. In both GAC tests, the removal efficiency of sulfamethazine (SMZ) was the highest followed by those of sulfathiazole (STZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMTZ): SMZ > STZ > SMTZ. In DFT adsorption simulations, we found that the 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide parts of SMZ and STZ and the 3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-amine part of SMTZ are preferentially adsorbed on the edges of graphene model, provided that the adsorbates keep their structures without dissociation upon adsorption process. The adsorption energies of SMZ, STZ, and SMTZ are -4.91, -4.64, and -4.62 eV, respectively. This adsorption strength (SMZ > STZ > STMZ) agrees with the trend of the removal efficiency of SAs by GAC. In addition, dissociative adsorption configurations of SAs are discussed.

Sorption of Radioactive Cobalt and Ruthenium on Soil Minerals (방사성 코발트 및 루테늄의 토양 흡착)

  • Lee, Byung-Hun;Hands, J.D.
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 1990
  • The sorption of radioactive cobalt and ruthenium on alumina, silica gel, zeolite 3A, kaolin and Na-bentonite has been studied as a function of pH. nuclide concentration and ionic strength. Retardation factor for cobalt and ruthenium on soil minerals was determined through porosity measurement. Hydrolysed species, cobalt and ruthenium interact with solid surfaces by physical adsorption processes. Freundlich sorption isotherms for cobalt and ruthenium are effectively linear. The sorption decreases with increasing ionic strength for cobalt and ruthenium. The effect of increasing porosity on the retardation factor countered the effect of a significant increase in the distribution coefficient.

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A Study of Adsorption Behaviour of Humic Acid and Americium on the Kaolinite (카올리나이트에 대한 휴믹산 및 아메리슘 흡착거동 연구)

  • Lee, Myung-Ho;Lee, Kyu-Whan;Park, Kyung-Kyun;Jung, Euo-Chang;Song, Kyu-Seok;Shin, Hyun-Sang
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2010
  • In this study, the adsorption reactions in the binary component system such as kaolinite-humic acid, kaolinite-americium and humic acid-americium were investigated. After performing the basic physico-chemical properties of the kaolinite, the adsorption reactions of the humic acid on the kaolinite were carried out with varying concentration of humic acid and ion strength, and pH. With increasing HA concentration and pH, the sorption of HA onto KA decreased, while the sorption of HA onto KA increased with increasing ionic stre ngth. Also, with varying pH, the adsorption reactions of the americium-kaolinite and americium-humic acid were studied. In the acid and neutral region, Am easily adsorbed on the HA, while the sorption of Am on the HA in the alkali region decreased because of electrostatic repulsion. The results from these studies make it possible to understand the characteristics of adsorption behaviour of the americium by the humic acid in the water environment.

Characteristics of Salt Adsorption by Calcium Alginate Beads (칼슘알긴산비드에 의한 염분의 흡착특성)

  • 방병호;서정숙
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2002
  • The adsorption characteristics of sodium chloride into Ca-alginate beads have been investigated and the result were as follows: Sodium chloride uptake by Ca-alginate beads increased with time. The highest uptake volume of sodium chloride was 4.2g after 10 minutes. The uptake volume by Fe, Ca, Ba, and Sr-alginate beads was 5.6g, 4.2g, 4.2g and 4.0g, respectively but in case of Fe-alginate beads, the induced hydrogel beads were very fragile and the strength of Fe-alginate beads were weaker than Ca- and Ba-alginate beads. Mg-alginate bead was not formed and Ca-, Ba- and Sr-alginate beads had a similar uptake volume about 4.2g, respectively. The uptake volume of sodium chloride by CaCl$_2$concentration(0.1M. 0.2M and 1M), curing solution, was 4.8, 4.2g and 4.1g, respectively. The uptake volume by sodium alginate concentration(0.6%, 1% and 2%) was 2.8g, 4.0g, and 4.4g, respectively and Ca-alginate bead size was not effected in uptake sodium chloride. The uptake rate on initial sodium chloride concentration(4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) was 30%, 28%, 27% and 25%, respectively. The uptake rate on basic pH(10.0) was higher than when compared to other neutral pH(6.8) and acidic pH(4.0). The initial uptake velocity of sodium chloride from immobilization beads with salt resistant bacteria was lower than that of non-immobilization beads. The uptake rate of sodium chloride was decreased according to elongation of curing time. Reusability of Ca-alginate beads was possible but according to reutilization, the salt uptake volume of beads was also decreased. The uptake volume of sodium chloride from Doengjang by Ca-alginate beads on time course(3, 6, 12, and 24 hour) was revealed 5g, 6g, 7g and 7g, respectively.