• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.477-488
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors on the occurrence of variant angina, and to examine the predicting factors on the vascular endothelial dysfunction of the patients with variant angina. Methods: A total of 134 patients diagnosed with variant angina were recruited from 2006 to 2008. The degrees of endothelial dysfunction were measured and recorded by the researcher using the values of flow-mediated vasodilation of their brachial arteries and Nitroglycerine-mediated dilation. Subjects' demographic data and risk factors were gathered after obtaining informed consent, and their electronic medical records were reviewed to collect laboratory data. Results: The mean age was $54.2{\pm}9.6$ years and 52% was male patients. More than 50% of the male patients were cigarette smokers and had hypercholesterolemia. 84% of the male patients and 70% of the female patients had more than one risk factor of cardiovascular disease. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that smoking and hypercholesterolemia predicted the decrease of flow-mediated vasodilation (Adjusted $R^2$ = .204, p < .001). Conclusion: Tailored educational interventions for smoking cessation and cholesterol management are needed to prevent recurrence of angina attack for patients with variant angina and to prevent cardiovascular disease for middle-aged workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.144-150
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to 1) find out the characteristic of smoke related characteristics of nurses. 2) find out the frequency of Smoking cessation intervention delivered by nurses. 3) compare the differences in mean scores of smoking cessation interventions by general characteristics. Method: The survey questionnaire was mailed out to nurses who were working at the randomly selected hospitals throughout the country from November 28, 2003 to February 15, 2004. Result: $0.6\%$ of nurses were current smokers $40.7\%$ of nurses have attended smoking cessation education. Nurses who were older, had masters degree, had oncology experience, higher position, participated in smoking cessation education, and had smoking related disease among family members were variables related to higher frequencies in delivering tobacco interventions. Conclusion: Although nurses are in an important position in delivering tobacco interventions and provide resources, their participation in consistent delivery of an intervention is less than desirable. To help nurses to participate in the assessment of tobacco use and interventions for cessation, the development of educational program is necessary.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.1941-1948
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• 2013

This study aims discover the relations between health promotion behaviors and metabolic syndrome in daytime workers, in order to present importance for health promotion behaviors of patients with metabolic syndrome. Based on Year 1 data of the 5th Korean National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, emrolled were 1,034 daytime workers. This study discovered that the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome of the Korean daytime workers was significantly higher as they got older, they had less education level and smoking more, increasing number of health promotion practice behavior were decrease the metabolic syndrome prevalence. Effective appropriate lifestyle intervention were considered to management and prevention of daytime workers with the metabolic syndrome for low-cost and efficiently.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.773-776
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• 2007

A 47-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heavy smoking, but no anginal symptoms, presented with claudication of the lower extremities. Extremity angiography with coronary angiography revealed peripheral arterial lesions including a left subclavian artery occlusion with coronary artery disease. The patient underwent an initial off-pump coronary artery bypass with an ascending aorto-axillary bypass. The right internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery. The greater saphenous vein graft was connected from the ascending aorto-axillary bypass graft to the diagonal branch. At postoperative day 18, femorofemoral and bilateral femoropopliteal bypasses were performed. We report a case of the combined repair of coronary artery disease and a left subclavian artery occlusion.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.592-601
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in smoking related characteristics and psychological features of coronary artery patients by the stages of change in smoking cessation behaviors. Method: Subjects for this survey were 97 patients who were smoking when doctors diagnosed them to have coronary artery diseases. Result: Subjects were distributed 21.6% in precontemplation stage, 24.7% in contemplation stage, 17.5% in preparation stage, 19.6% in action stage, and 16.5% in maintenance stage respectively. The numbers of previous attempts to quit smoking of subjects in precontemplation stage(mean=3.00, SD=3.71) and contemplation stage(mean=2.63, SD=2.32) were significantly lower than that of subjects in preparation stage(mean=5.82, SD=6.20). Benefit scores of subjects in maintenance stage were significantly greater than those of subjects in precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy, barriers, seriousness, and nicotine dependency were not significantly different by the stages of change. Number of signs and symptoms related to smoking which subjects were experiencing were not significant by the stages of change too. Conclusion: Future intervention programs for smoking cessation should be focused on the strategies to enhance the realization of health benefits that patients might acquire from smoking cessation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.305-315
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) consisted of individuals who were not smoking at the initial examination. The average age was 42.4 years for the smoking and non-smoking group. Examination regarding plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and contrast phase microscope were performed. Evaluation were made at the first, the second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increased and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a smoking cessation education on endothelial function and carboxyhemoglobin levels in smokers with variant angina. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 60 male smokers with variant angina admitted to one hospital: the control group (30) between September and December, 2009, and the experimental group (30) between February and May, 2010. Endothelial function, as defined by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and serum carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were determined at baseline and at 3 months after the initiation of education in both groups. Results: Three months after the program, smoking cessation was successful in 22 of the 30 smokers in the experimental group, but only in 4 of 30 smokers in the control group ($p$<.001). After the education, the experimental group showed a significant increase in FMD, and a significant decreased in serum COHb compared with the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this smoking cessation education program is effective for hospitalized smokers with variant angina.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increaseed and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.3 s.39
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• pp.238-246
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• 1992

We performed case-control studies for the 1,138 Korean adult men. According to the results of UGIS, we classified the gastritis into the erosive gastritis, superficial gastritis, and hypertrophic gastritis. And then, we selected controls among non-gastritis group after matching. Alcohol intake and smoking history was obtained by questionnaire. And we observed the effects of alcohol intake and smoking to the each gastritis. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Smokers had a risk of getting erosive gastritis more than twice(2.6) than non-smokers and there was dose-response relationships between smoking and erosive gastritis. Alcohol intake, however, had no significant relation with the erosive gastritis. 2. Both smoking and alcohol intake had no significant relations with superficial gastritis. 3. Smoking had no significant relation with hypertrophic gastritis, but dividing between those who drank more than 100gm of alcohol a week and those who drank less, we obtained the odds ratio of 3.4 suggesting that there existed a significant relation between moderate or excessive alcohol intake and hypertrophic gastritis. 4. Among the gastritis patients, those who had erosive gastritis smoked most heavily, and those who had hypertrophic gastritis drank most excessively.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the program to improve on smoking patients' after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) smoking cessation rate, smoking cessation related self-efficacy, carbone monoxide (CO), nicotine dependence, and pain sense. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants of this study were 60 ACS patients: experimental group (30), control group (30), who received percutaneous coronary intervention. The study lasted from Aug 16, 2016 to Jan 13, 2017. Smoking cessation rate, smoking cessation related self-efficacy, CO, nicotine dependence, and pain sense were measured using the structured questionnaires and CO monitor Results: An examination of the effects of this program revealed the experimental group to have a significant increase in smoking cessation rate, smoking cessation related self-efficacy than the control group, and a significant decrease in CO, nicotine dependence and pain sense than in the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this smoking cessation self-efficacy improvement program is effective for hospitalized patients after ACS.