• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the removal rates of nutrient in water, the biomass of water plants, and the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the constructed wetland for treatment of livestock wastewater in Yangji-ri, Nonsan-si from June through November 2011. During the experimental period, the monthly plant biomass of constructed wetland in July were the highest as 669.4 kg, while the lowest in November as 200.1 kg. The research showed that the average nitrogen and phosphorus contents in aboveground and underground biomass of Phragmites australis were $21.9{\pm}0.6{\sim}32.1{\pm}1.5mg/g$, $15.1{\pm}5.5{\sim}24.9{\pm}5.7mg/g$, $1.5{\pm}0.3{\sim}2.4{\pm}0.2mg/g$ and $1.6{\pm}0.6{\sim}2.5{\pm}0.6mg/g$, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N and T-P uptake by Phragmites australis were 28.0 kg in July and 2.5 kg in June, respectively, while the minimum amount of T-N and T-P uptake by Phragmites australis were 9.7 kg and 0.7 kg in November, respectively. The removal rates of T-N and T-P in constructed wetland for treating livestock wastewater were 23.0 % and 59.1 %, respectively. The results of this study is expected to deduce the circulation of contaminants and nutrient in the wetland afterwards.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1979

인삼(人蔘)사포닌으로 처리(處理)한 모발(毛髮)의 인장강도(引張强度)와 신장도(伸張度)를 collagen 가수분해물(加水分解物)로 처리한 모발(毛髮)과 비교(比較)하였다. 모발(毛髮)에 인삼(人蔘)사포닌 흡수량(吸收量)은 high speed liquid chromatography로 측정(測定)하였으며 liquid scintillation counter로 확인(確認)하였다. 모발(毛髮)에 collagen 가수분해물(加水分解物)의 흡수량(吸收量)은 모발(毛髮)을 collagen 가수분해물(加水分解物) 용액(溶液)속에 침적(沈積)시켰을 때 처음 30분(分) 동안은 많은 량(量)의 흡착(吸着)이 일어났으나 1시간(時間) 경과후(經過後)부터는 더 이상(以上)의 증가(增加)는 보이지 않았다. 이와는 반대(反對)로 인삼(人蔘)사포닌의 경우(境遇)는 침적시간(沈積時間)의 증가(增加)에 비례(比例)하여 흡수량(吸收量)의 증가(增加)를 나타내었다. 실험결과(實驗結果)는 인삼(人蔘)사포닌이 collagen 가수분해물(加水分解物) 보다 모발(毛髮)에 더욱 효과적(效果的)임을 보여 주었고, 그리고 인삼(人蔘)사포닌의 모발(毛髮)에 대(對)한 흡수(吸收)와 인장강도(引張强度)의 증가(增加)는 모발(毛髮)의 strain-stress곡선(曲線)과 인삼(人蔘)사포닌의 계면활성(界面活性)에 의(依)해 설명(說明)하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.439-445
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a dynamic stand yield model to estimate the baseline carbon stock, which is essentially required for a forest carbon offset project based on forest management. For developing the yield model, the data was acquired from the databases of the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory. The model was validated by comparing its estimations with field measurements that were conducted from 4 study sites (14 plots with thinning treatments) located in Hong-chun, Hoeng-sung, Yang-yang Daechi and Yang-yang Jungja. The difference between the estimations and the field measurements was less than 5%. Using the dynamic stand yield model, we estimated the changes in stand yield volume and carbon stocks for each species according to the baseline scenarios. As the results, we found that baseline carbon stock was the highest at Quercus acutissima stand (83.01tC/ha), while the lowest at Pinus rigida stand (32.17tC/ha) and Pinus densiflora stand of central region (39.09tC/ha). Hence, a project provider could get more carbon emission credits from an improved forest management project when considering the project with Pinus rigida stand or Pinus densiflora stand (central region). The baseline carbon stock and the dynamic stand yield model developed from this study would be useful for designing carbon offset projects based on improved forest management.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.491-498
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• 2014

In order to obtain basic data for concentration control of alkaline copper quat (ACQ) solution in wood preservative treatment, this study investigates the change of concentration and adsorption of treating solution and active ingredient, copper oxide (CuO) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), in the process of recycling of ACQ solution. Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis), Douglas-fir (Psedotsuga menziesii) and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were treated with ACQ solution. The active ingredient concentration of ACQ solution was decreased continuously with increase of recycling. There are differences between extent of concentration decrease of Cu (as CuO) and DDAC. DDAC was decreased more quickly and to a higher degree than Cu for all recycling. The extent of DDAC concentration decrease was remarkable than that of Cu for wood species. The amount of DDAC adsorbed into wood decreased with the increase of ACQ solution recycling, but adsorption of Cu was little difference regardless of recycling. The adsorption of Cu into wood increased as DDAC concentration decrease by recycling of ACQ solution. This is likely due to decrease of DDAC competition with Cu for the same reaction site in wood.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.136-144
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• 1996

Polyacrylic super absorbent polymer(SAP) containing sorbitol was synthesized by inverse-suspension polymerization method. Sodium acrylate and acrylic acid were used as a monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA) and glycerol polyglycidyl ether(GPGE) were used as a crosslinking agent, potassium persulfate(PPS) was used as an initiator, and cyclohexane was used as a solvent. Content of sorbitol was from 10mol% to 50mol% according to the mol ratio of acrylic acid monomer. The size distribution of the round shaped polymeric particle was $177{\sim}707{\mu}m$. Absorption amount of the polymer containing sorbitol was 785 to 1086 times of the polymer weight in distilled water, was 50 to 83 times in 0.9 % NaCl solution. Absorption and retention amount of the polymer were decreased with increasing the amount of sorbitol, but the polymer has an endothermic property which is +5 cal/g SAP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1999

Uptakes of N and P by Phragmites japonica Steudel. are determined in continuous flow tanks as a function of hydraulic retention time (HRT, days) and nutrient concentration (NC). Results show that the uptake was higher at shorter HRT and higher nutrient concentration, and the regression equations were estimated. Mean above ground biomass of Phragmites japonica in the middle reaches of Sagimak stream was 335.92 g/$m^2$, and estimated uptake by this vegetation were 7.31~20.15 NH$_4$-N, 31.15~95.84 NO$_3$-N, and 4.09~11.48 PO$_4$-P mg/$m^2$/day in Sagimak stream, respectively when HRT was 1~5 days. According to this study, it is concluded that Phragmites japonica Steudel. are suitable for water quality improvement of stream through nutrient uptake at short HRT and high concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.151-155
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• 1998

본 실험은 무등산수박과 달고나수박으로 98년 4월 2일에 파종하여 4월 24일 토양과 펄라이트＋코코피트 혼합배지에 각각 정식하였다. 무등산수박과 달고나수박의 재배방법에 따른 생장결과를 보면 엽수는 달고나수박이 많은 반면 총엽면적은 무등산수박이 높게 나타났다. 생체중 및 건물중에 있어서도 달고나수박보다 무등산수박이 더 높게 나타났으며 토양재배보다 양액재배 수박이 더 월등한 생장차이를 나타내었다. 당도는 달고나 수박이 무등산수박보다 훨씬 더 높은 반면 과실무게는 무등산수박이 더 높게 나타났다. 엽병내 질소흡수량은 생육초기에는 26,000-30,000prm 정도이었고 수분후 33일에는 38,000-44,000ppm 정도로 상승하였다. 인산은 생육초기 4,000-8,800ppm 정도에서 수확기에 이르면 480-l,600ppm 정도로 감소하였다. 칼륨은 생육초기에 10,000-26,000ppm 정도였으나 수분기부터는 8,000-14,000ppm 범위로 흡수되었다. 칼슘의 흡수는 생육초기에는 앙액재배 수박이 52,000-5,700ppm 범위로 토양재배 수박의 2,700-3,900ppm 범위보다 약간 많은 것으로 나타났지만 생육이 진전됨에 따라 토양재배 수박의 흡수량이 양액재배 수박의 흡수량보다 많아지는 경향이었다. 마그네슘의 흡수는 생육초기에 토경에서 훨씬 더 용이하게 흡수되는 경향이었으나 수분기부터는 200-700ppm 범위로 일정하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

Due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and abnormal weather phenomena it has become important on a national level to keep a count of greenhouse gases being emitted. We want to take advantage of any selected area, as the basic data for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, Forest and Grassland, Paddy fields, and Fields(crops), Greenhouse(crops), Pig farm, Cattle farm, Farm household(populations, agricultural machinery) and Vehicle, the basic building blocks shots with a small amount of per-unit basis, the statistics calculated based on regional carbon emissions through the literature and experimental. Carbon absorption 772,960 ton C/year, amount of fixation 487,477 ton C/year, amount of emission 1,112,607 ton C/year were noted in Gimje-si, and amount of carbon absorption 55,559 ton C/year, amount of fixation 25,864 ton C/year, amount of emissions 58,355 ton C/year in Gongdeok-myeon, respectively. The carbon absorption at Hwangsan-ri is 25,107 ton C/year, fixation 4,301 ton C/year, and emission 20,330 ton C/year respectively. We were able to estimate the amount of carbon according to the specific characteristics of each unit village, then expanding it to a large-scale and comparative analysis, therefore we were able to obtain basic data on the national levels of carbon absorption.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

The uptake and transportation patterns of the residual boscalid and chlorfenapyr were investigated from the soils to Korean cabbages. The recovery rates of the pesticides spiked in the soils and Korean cabbages were 87.5 to 105.2%. Korean cabbages were cultivated in soils treated with two different concentrations of the pesticides as low (3.0 mg/kg) and high (6.0 mg/kg) concentrations in greenhouse for 28 days. The initial level of boscalid was determined as 2.77 and 5.66 mg/kg for the low and high concentration of boscalid-treated soils, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the residual boscalid in soils decreased to 0.53 and 1.60 mg/kg for the low and high concentration of boscalid-treated soils, respectively, and thus it was reduced to 71.7 to 81.9%. The initial level of chlorfenapyr was determined as 2.38 and 6.43 mg/kg for the low and high concentration of chlorfenapyr-treated soils, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the residual chlorfenapyr in soils decreased to 1.36 and 2.91 mg/kg for the low and high concentration-treated soils, respectively, and thus it was reduced to 42.9 to 54.8%. The residual pesticide analysis was done with 2 day intervals from 21 days-cultivated Korean cabbages after seeding. Uptake rates of boscalid from the soil to Korean cabbages were 2.4 and 2.2% for the low- and high-concentration of boscalid-treated soil, respectively. However, the uptake rate of chlorfenapyr by the cabbages was 1.5 and 1.3% for the low and high concentration-treated soil, respectively. The uptake rate of chlorfenapyr by the cabbages was lower than that of boscalid. These results showed that the residual pesticides in soil could be absorbed by Korean cabbages depending on their physicochemical properties.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.24-28
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• 2004

흡수식 2중 효용 냉온수기의 개발 현황을 소개하고자 하며, 흡수식 관련 연구개발이 보다 활성화되는 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 하절기 및 동절기의 중대형 빌딩의 냉난방 부하 대응에 흡수식 냉온수기가 차지하고 있는 비율이 높음으로 흡수식 냉온수기의 고효율화가 경제 및 산업적으로 건물 에너지 절감 및 국가 전체 가스 에너지 절약에 미치는 파급 효과는 매우 크다. 흡수식냉동기는 근본적으로 오존파괴의 문제가 없는 냉매를 사용하고 있고, 고급연료인 LNG를 주로 사용하고 있기 때문에, 지구온난화 유발물질인 $CO_2$ 배출량이 다른 연료에 비해 작다. 아울러 극소량의 공해물질(Nox, Sox)을 방출하며 공해문제를 별로 발생시키지 않기 때문에 흡수식냉동기의 연구개발을 거의 하지 않은 서방 선진국에서도 환경친화적인 흡수식 제품에 대한 관심이 최근에 급증하고 있다.(중략)