• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.331-342
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• 2012

The effects of number of host plants and nectar plants on the number and diversity of butterflies were monitored and analyzed by simple and multiple regression from May 2008 to Sep 2009 in the Bubjusa region (Mt. Sokri, Boeun-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do), which was divided into four regions. The results demonstrate that the number of butterflies has a positive correlation with the number of host plant species, the number of nectar plant species, and the number of host plants multiple regression analysis. The number of butterflies also increased habitat area. However, the butterfly species number and diversity index showed lower correlation with the number of host plants and the area size of the divided region, respectively, when analyzed by simple regression. In addition, increased species diversity in a region with more diverse plant flora. These results suggest that the composite distribution of host and nectar plants with diverse plant flora is required for butterfly diversity and population preservation. Additionally, it also suggest that vegetation types complementarity all factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

In this paper, in order to select specialist butterfly species that inhabit Haneul and Noeul Parks, previously landfill areas, we verified the reciprocal relationships between nectar plants and butterflies. While we will design the butterfly habitats, this paper will provide the foundation data for selecting the plants. The completed survey indicated that there were a total of 5 families, 23 species and 1,129 individuals. Butterflies of the main action were feeding on nectar, and such behavior was 36% of the total actions. Therefore, these parks play an important role in butterflies feeding on nectar. The correlation between butterflies and the nectar plants' color was not significant; Therefore, it is not necessary to consider flower color when choosing plants to attract the butterflies. In addition, butterflies prefer naturalized plants for feeding on nectar. Thus, when creating butterfly habitats, there is no use in attracting the butterflies by classifying the naturalized plants and native plants. However, if some areas that are need to plant native plants such as Inkigofera pseudo-tinctoria, Lespedeza bicolor, Aster koraiensis make use it, there could be taken an advantage to attract the butterflies. According to the algebraic curve model of curve estimation regression analysis, we were able to classify the generalist species and specialist species by regression analysis. As a result, Colias erate, Artogeia rapae and Parnara guttata were classified as generalist species, where as Rapala caerulea, Pieris melete, Zizera maha and Celastrina argiolus were classified as specialist species. Rapala caerulea prefers hills and forest for its habitat; therefore, it is clearly distinct from Pieris melete, Zizera maha and Celastrina argiolus which prefer grassland for habitats. These results show that Rapala caerulea is high conservation value in a landfill area where is developing ecological succession from grasslands to wood lands. In conclusion, these research are able to contribute to select the target species and suitable species that consider a singularity between butterflies and nectar plants, when we are creating the butterfly habitats, moreover these research will contribute to maintain a stable habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.98-109
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• 2011

Habitat restoration initiative is an important factor for the on-site preservation of butterflies. A new habitat necessitates the investigation of the ecology of the butterfly, the landscape of the habitat, the work process, and a cost analysis. In this study, these factors were analyzed through1) re-consideration of the secured results from three years of field work, and 2) a habitat area estimation conducted according to the presence or absence of larvae and adults via a Parnassius bremeri Bremer survey. The investigation of the natural habitat, done for both larvae and adult butterflies found in South Korea, suggested that multiple patches with a minimum size exceeding $300m^2$ and with an average size of about $1,600m^2$were required for survival of this butterfly. Therefore, more than five patches should be considered for butterfly habitat and patches should have similarity to the present habitat environment with transplantation plans for diet plants and honeydew plants. In addition, to activate the migration of the butterfly, cutting down trees that are obstacles to migration, minimizing the distance between patches and the addition of a stepping patch are also required. A patch connectivity analysis showed that patches should be located within 300m of neighboring patches, as the migration of the butterfly will fail if it is more than 600m. Additionally, more than $10,000m^2$ for a single patch or a patch network composed more than five patches over $1,600m^2$ in size were recommended, with a total patch size of $8,000m^2$. Additionally, neighboring multiple patch networks are more desirable than a single habitat in the event a cyclic habitat pattern arises. In this study, we suggest a habitat restoration and optimal prerequisites for a butterfly habitat. It is expected that this research will lead to the creation of a good model for the restoration of butterfly species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.4 s.141
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• pp.257-264
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• 2005

In order to establish the successive rearing system brush-footed butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) were reared in a room. Artificial diets were developed for a year-round rearing. Bu-diet was best to rear these butterflies among 3 kinds of diet used. The freeze-dried host plant leaf powder in diet was better than heat-dried one $(60^{\circ}C)$ in the growth of larvae. The rearing results were best in the diet C/N ratio was 1:1. The 24-hrs old eggs could be stored for 5 days at $15^{\circ}C$ or for 3 days at $5^{\circ}C$ and showed 75% of hatchability. On the other hand, pupae could be stored for maximum 15 days at $15^{\circ}C$ because the emergence of abnormal adults appeared much more as the cold storage period got longer. And the adult was able to be stored until 60 days at refrigerator without relation of nectar-sucking period before cold-storage and storage temperature. Also a simple artificial ovipositing kit was devised by ${\Phi}9$ cm of petri-dish and a female oviposited $278{\pm}27$ of eggs with adding the ether extract of host plant to this kit. The systematic successive rearing method of brush-footed butterflies in a room was completed.