• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.560-567
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• 2008

In this paper, we discuss a simple and straightforward binarization procedure which can generate black/white comics from the video frame image. Generally, the region of human's skin is colored white or light gray, while the dark region is filled with the irregular but regular patterns like hatching in most of the black/white comics. Note that it is not enough for simple threshold method to perform this work. Our procedure is decoupled into four processes. First, we use bilateral filter to suppress noise color variation and reserve boundaries. Then, we perform mean-shift segmentation for each similar colored pixels to be clustered. Third, the clustered regions are merged and extended by our region extension algorithm considering each color of their regions. Finally, we decide which pixels are on or off using by our dynamic binarization method based on the HSV color model. Our novel black/white cartooning procedure was so successful to render comic cuts from a well-known cinema in a resonable time and manual intervention.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.177-209
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to determine the meaning and function of black and white in the comic strip, which are mounted on the book pages. The role of space in comic strip, compared to the role of time in the cinema, enable to feel the role of the time in the book. Therefore storytelling of comic strip has been placed in the inseparable relationship with space. My aim is to think about the black and white meaning in the visual media, especially the use of black and white which is highlighted in the comic strip. Black and white doesn't mean a loss of color in the comic strip but it works around 2 important notions : readability, modernity (with minimalism). In comic strip, 'black and white' is not a true colour but it is complex items which indicate symbolic significances. Moreover it is also a notion which enhance 'existence and absence' and 'visible and invisible'. That's why to analyze and to understand how the space is organized in comic strip page, i chose several examples extract from black and white comic strip.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.184-188
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 기존에 상용화되거나 서비스되고 있는 만화 제작 시스템들의 장단점을 비교 분석한다. 그리고 일상생활에서 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 동영상 이미지를 이용하여, 흑백 만화를 제작하기 위한 시스템에 대해 논의한다. 동영상으로부터 추출한 이미지는 일반적으로 동영상 자체의 스토리를 내포하고 있기 때문에, 이 이미지들을 기반으로 흑백 만화를 제작하는 시스템을 개발한다면, 만화 초보자들도 손쉽게 흑백 만화를 제작할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 흑백 만화 제작 시스템은 먼저 1) 기존의 이미지를 이진화하고 2) 양식화된 스트록을 렌더링하여 만화적인 특징을 표현한다. 그리고 3) 다양한 만화적인 요소를 추가한 후 4) 완성된 만화 컷을 실제 만화에서 사용되는 레이아웃 템플릿에 따라 배치하여 한 장의 만화를 제작한다. 논문에서 제안한 시스템을 활용함으로써, 만화 초보자들이 만화를 제작할 때 직면하게 되는 문제점들(스토리 보드 설정과 그림 실력의 부재)을 해결할 수 있었다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2008

Black/white comic rendering is one of the researches in the field of non-photorealistic rendering(NPR). Black/white comics have been produced manually as yet. But these previous systems require lots of time and manual work. So we propose the COmics Rendering system on VIdeo Stream (CORVIS) which transforms video streams into black/white comic cuts. Stylized font, one of comic representations, can be used to express onomatopoeic words and mimetic dialogue exaggeratively. But current comic generation systems do not provide enough effects of stylized font. This paper proposes a model for stylized fonts to express various effects. Effects of stylized fonts we proposed include geometric deformations. Thus we could represent stylized fonts on the still cut of movies and the background texture on a cuts of plain black/white comics. The final quality of our system produced is good enough to compare with manual black/white comics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.271-272
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2014

영화<씬 시티>는 프랭크밀러 원작의 만화 '씬 시티'를 영화로 만든 작품이다. 흑백영상과 조명, 원색의 컬러와 뒤에 배경을 컴퓨터그래픽으로 배치함으로써 표현주의를 바탕으로 한 필름 느와르 장르와 원작의 컷을 사용하여 그래픽 노블 이미지를 영상으로 연출하였다. <씬 시티>를 분석하여 이를 통한 영상 미학적 특성과 비쥬얼 스토리텔링에 대해 살펴 볼 수 있는 연구라 사료된다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.325-347
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• 2014

"The art challenges the technology, and the technology inspires the art." By this word John Lasseter expressed Pixar animations main soul of story. Media technology has a close relation with the animation. As media developed more and more, an animation has been widen a lot and have given new visions to the audiences. We can see such this figure from the history of the Disney animation. They had tried to make all the kind of animations such a silent animation, planetary animation, black and white animation and the multi colored animation. Lately Disney had made animation that has traditional style. But the method of making traditional animation stable side story's holdup the audience. So Disney animation decided to change this method. For the result of Disney animation studio effort Frozen had produced after a computer graphics work following Rapunzel. What was the reason for entertain well of Frozen? Not only changing the method of producing traditional to computer graphic is could not make entertain well. We can see from the Frozen concordance of the original idea and modern scenario, OST the perfection of computer graphics work. In this paper work Disney animation has worked from the silent animation to computer graphic works result of "The Frozen". For the contribution of technology development makes able to analyze animations expression and relation. There is a lot shots that hard to analyze in the Frozen. But I will study it with the method named "Expansion in space" to making main analyzing expressive extension that appears on the scene.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2006

Binary images, such as cartoon character images, text images and signature images, which consist of two values with black and white have more difficulties inserting imperceptible secret data than color images. Steganography using binary cover images is not easy to satisfy requirements for both the imperceptibility of stego images and a high embedding rate of secret data at the same time. In this paper, we propose a scheme that can get both the high quality of stego images and a high embedding rate by supplementing the advantages of previous research. In addition, the insertion of the proposed method changes only existing pixels of the imperceptible position and can embed the secret data of [$log_2(mn+1)-2$] bits in a block with size of $m{\times}n$.