• Title/Summary/Keyword: 훈증독성

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Fumigant Toxicity of Essentail Oils and Agricultural Materials against Moechotypa diphysis Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (털두꺼비하늘소에 대한 식물정유와 농자재의 훈증독성)

  • Ahn, Hee-Geun;Noh, Doo-Jin;Yang, Jeong-Oh;Yoon, Chang-Mann;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.302-306
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to investigate the contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and synergistic effect using agricultural materials (AM) when mixed with selected essential oils against oak longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. Four kinds of AM, namely, chungkiller, ungsalta, jinap, purunjunsa showed 100% contact toxicity at one day after treatment. Subsequently, four AM was tested the fumigant toxicity during 24 hours. At concentration of 1 mL, jinap and chungkiller showed 100% mortality at 3 hr after treatment, prunjunsa and ungsalta showed 100% mortality at 6 hr after treatment. When applicate to the small vinyl bag (15 L), all AM (50 mL/15 L) was showed 100% mortality. Jinap showed the mortality 100% when mixed pennyroyal oil with the ratio of 5+1. It was higher than single treatment.

Biochemical mechanisms of fumigant toxicity by ethyl formate towards Myzus persicae nymphs (복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae) 약충에 대한 에틸포메이트 훈증 독성의 생화학적 메커니즘)

  • Kim, Kyeongnam;Lee, Byung-Ho;Park, Jeong Sun;Yang, Jeong Oh;Lee, Sung-Eun
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.60 no.3
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    • pp.271-277
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    • 2017
  • Ethyl formate has been used for the control of insect pests by fumigation. However, there were not many reports to show its target site of fumigant toxicity on insect pests since its first use in the agricultural industry. In the present study, we showed the presumable target sites of ethyl formate fumigation in insect pests using Myzus persicae nymphs. After ethyl formate fumigation, the nymphs of this species were collected and the changes at the biochemical and molecular level were determined. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was approximately two-fold higher after ethyl formate fumigation. In addition, the expression levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) decreased gradually with increasing ethyl formate concentration. These two findings suggested that COX and AChE might be the major target sites of ethyl formate fumigation. In addition to these results, the analysis of lipid content using MALDI-TOF MS/MS identified 9 phospholipids differently generated 2-fold higher in the ethyl formate-treated nymphs than that in the control nymphs, thereby leading to changes in cell membrane composition in M. persicae nymphs. Therefore, the ethyl formate fumigation caused lethal effects on M. persicae nymphs by changing COX activity, AChE gene expression, and phospholipid production.

Fumigant Toxicity of Pennyroyal and Spearmint oils against Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (꽃노랑총채벌레에 대한 Pennyroyal oil과 Spearmint oil의 훈증효과)

  • Han Jong-Been;Ahn Ki-Su;Lee Chong-Kyu;Kim Gil-Hah
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.45 no.1 s.142
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2006
  • Fumigant toxicity of four plant essential oils (muguet flower, patchouli, pennyroyal, spearmint) were tested against the adults of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Among them, pennyroyal and spearmint oils showed 100% mortality at $1{\mu}{\ell}/45m{\ell}$ air dose. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC-MS, we confirmed that main constituents of pennyroyal oil were pulegone(100.0%), and spearmint oil were $\beta-myrcene(3.5%)$, limonene(12.1%), carvone(85.4%). Among them, carvone and pulegone showed 100% fumigation at $1{\mu}{\ell}/45m{\ell}$ air dose, respectively. It can concluded that two oils are potential control agents against F. occidentalis.

Insecticidal Activity and Ovipositional Repellency of Monoterpenoids against Moechotypa diphysis Adults (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (털두꺼비하늘소 성충에 대한 monoterpenoids의 살충활성과 산란기피)

  • 유정수;김길하;이상길;신상철;박지두;박승찬
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 2002
  • These studies were carried out to investigate the fumigant toxicity, the contact toxicity and the ovipositional repellency of 25 monoterpenoids against oak longicorn beetle adults, Moechotypa diphysis. Monoterpenoids with 100% of fumigant toxicity were 1, 8-cinehone, fenchone, pulegone and (equation omitted)-terpinene at 20 (equation omitted)/954 ml (air) concentration, pulegone and (equation omitted)-terpinen at 10 (equation omitted)/954 ml (air) concentration, pulegone at 5 (equation omitted)/954 ml (air) concentration. Most monoterpenoids showed low or no contact toxicity but only pulegone showed about 70% mortality. Some monoterpenoids which had repellency to female adults with Y-tube olfactometer were bornylacetate, carvacrol, 1, 8-cineole and menthol at 1 (equation omitted) dose, while citronellol showed attractant response. Carveol, geraniol and perillyl alcohol of 25 monoterpenoids showed ovipoistional repellency of 82.1%, 78.3%, 87.5%, respectively, at the concentration of 1,000 ppm in the laboratory condition. In the field, the result tested with three monoterpenoids indicated that geraniol was the most effective one at the concentration of 10,000ppm and 1,000 ppm, but residual effect wasn't found.

Insecticidal Activity of Spearmint Oil against Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci Adults (온실가루이와 담배가루이에 대한 Spearmint Oil의 살충활성)

  • Choi Yu-Mi;Kim Gil-Hah
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.43 no.4 s.137
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    • pp.323-328
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    • 2004
  • These studies were carried out to investigate the fumigation and contact toxicities of spearmint oil (Mentha spicata) against adults of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. And we carried out the constituent analysis of spearmint oil using gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Spearmint oil showed $99.1\%,\;91.7\%,\;41.1\%$ fumigation toxicity against T. vaporariorum adults at $10{\mu}L/954mL,\;5{\mu}L/954mL,\;1{\mu}L/954mL$ air concentration, respectively. In case of B. tabaci adults, spearmint oil showed $100\%,\;100\%,\;61.3\%$ fumigation toxicity, respectively. However, spearmint oil showed < $30\%$ contact toxicity against adults of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC/MS, we confirmed main constituents of spearmint oil were limonene ($16.1\%$), ${\gamma}$-terpinene($13.8\%$), ${\rho}$-cymene($5.8\%$), 3-octanol($6.9\%$), carvone($40.9\%$). Carvone, major constituent of spearmint oil, also showed $100\%$ fumigation toxicity at $10{\mu}L/954mL$ air concentration.

Fumigant and Repellency Effects of Terpenes against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) (점박이응애에 대한 Terpene류의 훈증과 기피효과)

  • 이소영;유정수;문선주;이상길;김철수;신상철;김길하
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2003
  • These studies were carried out to investigate fumigant, contact toxicity and repellency effects of 34 terpenes against acaricide susceptible the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. In addition, the efficacy was also tested against two acaricide-resistant strains. Two terpenes, isosafrole and safrole showed fumigant toxicity of 98.4%, at 10${\mu}\ell$/1 (air) concentration. LD$\_$50/ values of these two terpenes were 2.6${\mu}\ell$/1 and 4.3${\mu}\ell$l/1, respectively. Most terpenes showed low or no contact toxicity, except isosafrole showing 60.2% mortality against eggs. Hexanoic acid and limonene showed repellency effects of 79.1%, 87.8%, respectively, to the susceptible strain at concentration of 1,000 ppm in the lab conditions. Hexanoic acid (1,000 ppm) showed repellency effected of 77.8% and 83.3% to fenpropathrin and pyridaben resistant strains, respectively. However, limonene showed no repellency to the two resistant strains.

Confirmation of fumigation effect on and toxicity analysis on microorganisms isolated from records (기록물에서 분리된 미생물에 대한 훈증소독의 효능검증과 독성조사)

  • Jo, Yih-Yung;Shin, Jong-Sun;Yoon, Dai-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.231-243
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    • 2001
  • The sterilization method of records by fumigation using mixed gas of methyl bromide(MB) and ethylene oxide(ETO) has been generally used as a way to protect biological deterioration by microorganisms and insects. In this study, we confirmed sterilization effect of MB and ETO [86 : 14(Vol.%)] on and analyzed toxicity on microorganisms isolated from records. To analyze sterilization effect of fumigation on microorganisms and insect, we have fumigated microorganisms and insect with a various amounts mixed gas of MB and ETO, and various exposure time. Insect was sterilized at all experimental conditions. In microorganisms, sterilization effect was detected only when the mixed gas was treated at $120g/m^3$ concentration for at least 24 hrs. To test the possibility of isolated microorganisms as a threat to human health, it was investigated that toxicity test using yeast, radish and cancer cells on microorganisms. Only Aspergillus oryzae had an inhibition effect on growth of yeast. radish and cancer cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that sterilization effect can occur at low concentrations of the mixed gas on insect but requires higher concentrations of the mixed gas on microorganisms. In addition to, it is suspected that the possibility of the microorganism as a threat to human health is little.

Fumigant Toxicity and the Repellent Effect of Essential Oils against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (어리쌀바구미에 대한 식물정유의 훈증독성과 기피효과)

  • Kim, Yeon-Kook;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Jong-Jin;Lee, Hoi-Seon;Lee, Sang-Guei
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.389-395
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    • 2012
  • Stored grain insects appear frequently as grains are harvested, stored, and distributed on the market. Producers mostly depend on chemical fumigants to control and repel insect pests, but this application of chemicals may cause side effects for humans and the environment. Safer control approaches, including the use of natural products are required, and in this study, we assessed the control effect of essential oils on stored grain insects. The essential oils of 8 plant species from 6 families were tested for their fumigant toxicity and repellent effects using a Y-tube Olfactometer against Sitophilus zeamais adults. Pennyroyal and tea tree oil respectively exhibited 97% and 63% mortality at $10{\mu}{\ell}L^{-1}$ air concentration in tested fumigant toxicity. Of particular note, pennyroyal oil ($LT_{50}$, hour=3.87) showed higher adulticidal activities than tea tree oil ($LT_{50}$, hour=4.09). When assessing repellent effects, using a Y-tube Olfactometer at $10{\mu}{\ell}$/filter paper concentration, the cedarwood, cinnamon, cypress, patchouli and pennyroyal essential oils showed potent repellent activities against Sitophilus zeamais adults. Cinnamon, cypress and pennyroyal essential oils showed notably high repellent activities of 82.4%, 80.0% and 86.7%, respectively, at $1{\mu}{\ell}$/filter paper concentration.

Fumigant Toxicity of the Constituents of Coriander Oil, Coriandum sativum against Blattella germanica (바퀴에 대한 Coriander Oil (Coriandum sativum) 성분의 훈증효과)

  • Bae Jeong-Sook;Kim Gil-Hah
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.44 no.1 s.138
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 2005
  • Essential oil of five plants were screened for fumigation toxicity against Blattella germanica male adults. Among them, coriander oil showed $100\%$ fumigation toxicity against B. germanica male adults at 20 and $10{\mu}{\ell}/{\ell}$ (air) dose, respectively. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC/MS, we confirmed that main constituents of coriander oil were ${\alpha}$-pinene ($6.1\%$), camphene ($1.1\%$), ${\beta}$-pinene ($0.5\%$), ${\beta}$-myrcene ($0.8\%$), limonene ($2.5\%$), ${\gamma}$-terpinene ($4.5\%$), ${\rho}$-cymene ($1.8\%$), ${\alpha}$-terpinolene ($0.5\%$), camphor ($4.9\%$), linalool ($70.5\%$), ${\alpha}$-tepineol ($0.7\%$), geranyl acetate ($2.8\%$) and geraniol ($1.4\%$). Among them, ${\gamma}$-terpinene and geranyl acetate showed $100\%$ fumigation toxicity at $10{\mu}{\ell}/{\ell}$ (air) dose, respectively. It can be concluded that coriander oil is potential control agents against B. germanica.

Fumigant Toxicity of 18 Essential oils and Their Major Compounds against Adult Oak Longicorn Beetle, Moechotypa diphysis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (털두꺼비하늘소(Moechotypa diphysis)로에 대한 18종 식물정유와 주요성분의 훈증효과)

  • Kim, Ju-Sub;Seo, Dong-Kyu;Jang, Sun-Ah;Han, Ju-Hwan;Kim, Young-Jae;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.45 no.2 s.143
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    • pp.189-194
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    • 2006
  • Fumigant toxicity of 18 plant essential oils were tested against the adults of oak longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. Among them, eucalyptus, rosemary and pennyroyal oils showed 100% mortality and sage oil showed 85% mortality at 10 $\mu\ell/\ell$ (air) dose. Eucalyptus and rosemary oils showed 100% mortality within 6 hr after treatment at 10 $\mu\ell/\ell$ (air) dose. GC and GC/MS analysis of the four essential oils and bioassay of their components revealed that 1,8-cineole (a major component of eucalyptus, rosemary and sage oils), thujone (a major component of sage oil) and pulegone (a major component of pennyroyal oil) showed higher adulticidal activity than others.