• Title/Summary/Keyword: 후천(後天)

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Clinical Analysis of Open Heart Surgery -Review of 450 Cases (개심술 450례의 임상적 고찰)

  • 이서원;이계선
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.770-779
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    • 1997
  • From Feb. 1985 to Aug. 1996, 450 patients underwent open heart surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. In 450 cases of open heart surgery, 222 cases(49.3%) were congenital heart diseases and 228 cases(5 .7%) were acquired heart diseases. In 222 cases of congenital heart diseases, there were 201 cases of acyanotic heart disease and 21 cases of cyanotic heart diseases. Among the 228 cases of acquired heart diseases, most cases were valvular heart diseases in which 206 valves were implanted. There were 32 cases of ischemic heart disease and the average graft anastomoses were 2.37 sites per operation. The operative mortality of congenital and acquired disease was 9.0% and 10.l% respectively and then overall mortality rate was 9.6% .

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The Knowledge and Attitude of Unmarried Young Men on AIDS (젊은 미혼 남성에서의 에이즈에 대한 지식과 태도)

  • Yeom, Chang-Hwan;Lee, Hye-Ree;Choi, Youn-Seon
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.4-13
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    • 2001
  • Purpose : Since the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981, the number of these patients has been increasing in the world. But do not find out a cure and a vaccine for ARS (5). And so, the best treatment for AIDS is the prevention. People can find out accurate knowledge about AIDS, and they can prevent themselves from AIDS approximately 100%. In this study, we investigate with AIDS knowledge and attitudes in unmarried young men (<24 age) and suggest accurate preventive education for AIDS and good sexual behaviors. Methods : Un-married young soldiers and college students who were not diagnosed as AIDS until June 30, 2000 were included in the study. The study included a total of 923 men. A self evaluation questionnaire, included questions on 36 items(the part of demographic data - 9; the part of knowledge - 20; the part of attitudes - 8), was drawn up by three physicians. The demographic data, AIDS knowledge and attitudes were analyzed by chi-square analysis, and the total score of AIDS knowledge - comparison according to demographic factors and attitudewere analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results : In demographic characteristics, as for the first recognized time of AIDS, most of men knew it when they were in their middle school, as for sources of information on AIDS, most of them knew it through the TV-media, and as for the educational need about AIDS, most of them agreed with it. In AIDS knowledge, mean scores were $14.0{\pm}1.8$ (70.3%). Items of the misconceptions concerning AIDS, reported as less than 50% correct answers, were 6 among 20 items (30%). In AIDS attitudes, as for the item about that if I will be an AIDS patient, I will have an AIDS treatment, it showed that the number of men agreed with 759 (82.2%), and as for the item about that I will help for AIDS patient even though I don't know him, it showed that the number of them agreed with 412 (45.8%). In correlation of AIDS knowledge and demographic factors, the mean scores of knowledge of men with higher than college degree were higher than them of others. The mean scores of knowledge of men with total income of family with more than US$1667 were higher than them of others. The mean scores of knowledge of men with sources of information on AIDS through the TV-media were higher than them of others. And the mean scores of knowledge of men with past medical history of STD(sexually transmitted disease) were higher than them of others. Conclusions : The higher the knowledge he has, the lower the possibility of risk and the more positive the attitude he has. And then we think that the education program for AIDS will be included as a regular part of the curriculum in high school, and young men must be effectively educated by it.

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A Transcendental Pragmatic Interpretation on the Notion of 'Injon' in Daesoon Thought (대순사상의 인존(人尊)에 대한 화용론적(話用論的) 해석)

  • Baek, Choon-hyoun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.39
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    • pp.33-67
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    • 2021
  • This paper aims at revealing the core concept of Injon (Human Nobility). The concept of Injon is one of the salient fundamental ideas which makes Daesoon Jinrihoe recognizable as Daesoon Jinrihoe. The concept of Injon has the basic meaning of 'human nobility,' but within the context wherein the nobility of humankind is considered to be greater than the nobility of Heaven and Earth. Although the religious and ideological interpretations of Injon (human nobility) that have developed over time have been quite diverse and abundant, these interpretations are all limited in that they generally assume the relationship between 'Heaven and Earth' and 'Humanity' to be antagonistic. However, if human nobility is relativized in that manner, it can reduce the potential broader meanings of mutual beneficence and the earthly paradise of the later world. These interpretations are grounded in the view of semiotic interpretation. Such interpretations have composed their view point via the semiotic meaning of the words. The semiotic point of view suggests that meanings of words consist in the relation of the word and the object to which it denotes. We will introduce a new view point which can be termed the transcendental view point. This view focuses on how the exact interpretation of words and sentences depends on the comprehension of the triad of systematic relations among the word, object, and speaker. In the Daesoon Thought, the Former World is considered to be the world wherein all creations unfolded according to the principle of mutual contention. This led to the accumulation of grievances and grudges which condensed and filled the Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity. The Former World was dominated by Western material civilization, selfishness, and exclusivism. It was also a world where humans suffered from various natural disasters such as floods, droughts, plagues, and wildfires. The Former World lost the constant Dao and was overwhelmed with all kinds of disasters and calamities. That world fell into various kinds of wretchedness. The causes which made the Former World so cruel came from humans misunderstanding their relation to nature and life in general; including human life. The anthropocentric modern cosmology insisted that the human race was the only one to have the powers and rights to exercise dominion over nature. On the other hand, there is the Later World, which means the ideal and perfect, immanent eternal world for all humankind in Daesoon Thought. This world consists of life, peace, and equality and is also characterized by three typical attributes: goodness, peace, and all kinds of life. All living beings previously struggled for survival, but in the Later World, those lifeforms will embrace each other; even across different realms. In Daesoon Thought, the world and cosmos contain diverse forms of life, and human have both an earthly life and life in the after world should they die before the Later World. There are also the lives of divine beings and animals, and other such living entities. Daesoon Thought subsumes pan-vitalism, which allows they acknowledgement of myriad possible lifeforms. The concept of the Later World in Daesoon Thought, which mainly revealed in The Canonical Scripture and the words of Sangje (Kang Jeungsan), suggests that all kinds of life, including humans, animals, and even spirits in the afterworld, can live together in a perfect coming earthly paradise which is immanent. The concept of Injon can be interpreted though the view of transcendental pragmatics as an alternative to the typical views discussed in Daesoon Thought. Thinkers should attempt to improve current discourse on Injon in Daesoon Thought by focusing on the point that all kinds the original teachings demonstrate a value of all lifeforms. Therein, Injon would indicate not only the human nobility and dignity but also the nobility and dignity of divine beings, divine humans, and all other forms of life that have existed across time. The dimension of time allows for recognition of lifeforms from the Former World, the afterworld, and the Later World. This revised appraisal of Injon could further accommodate denizens of the afterworld, animals, ghosts and spirits, the earth and cloud souls of humans, and other lifeforms held to exist in the cosmology of Daesoon Thought.

The Study of Communication Supporting System Interface for Person with Speech Disorder (중증 언어장애인을 위한 의사소통 시스템 인터페이스에 관한 연구)

  • Joo, Min-Young;Hong, Seung-Wook;Park, Jeong-Hwa;Park, Su-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2007.06a
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    • pp.289-292
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    • 2007
  • 우리가 다른 이들과 만나 대화하는 것은 극히 평범한 일이다. 하지만 대화뿐만이 아니라 의사소통마저도 힘들어하는 이들이 있다. 이들은 언어 장애를 가진 이들이다. 언어 장애에는 태어나면서부터 장애를 가지는 선천적 장애와 사고와 질병으로 인한 후천적 장애가 있다. 그 중 후천적 장애는 언어장애와 더불어 신체적 장애를 가진 이들이 있다. 이들을 본 논문에서는 중증 언어 장애인이라고 분류하였다. 중증 언어 장애인의 장애정도를 크게 글자 표현이 불가능한 상태로부터 4가지 단계로 나뉠 수 있다. 글자 표현이 불가능하지만 개체 선택이 가능한 1단계, 손 혹은 발을 이용하여 가부 결정만 가능한 2단계, 지체를 이용하여 표현이 불가능한 3단계, 그리고 마지막 4단계가 3단계의 표현마저도 불가능하여 의사소통이 전혀 불가능한 상태이다. 사고로 인한 후천적 장애인 경우 위의 4가지 단계중 하나의 단계에서 머물러 있지만, 루게릭병과 같은 병은 위의 4가지 단계를 몇 년에 걸쳐서 진행되기 때문에 일반적인 장비로써는 이 들과의 의사소통이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 위의 1,2,3단계의 중증 언어 장애인을 대상으로 그들이 의사소통을 정확하고 신속하게 전달하기 위해서 어떠한 인터페이스를 사용하는 것이 효과적인 방법에 대해 논해보고, 향후 발전될 방향에 대해서 그 방향을 제시하였다.

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A Kinematic Characteristics of Throwing Performance on Period When Blind's became Sightless (시각장애인의 실명시기에 따른 던지기 동작의 운동학적 특성)

  • Choi, Jung-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.125-139
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze a kinematic characteristics of throwing performance among born visually impaired, postnatal visually impaired and visually correct people through their kinematic characteristics. Another purpose of this study is to prevent injury and improve blind's exercise leadership and physical abilities. Three video cameras were used and each camera's shooting velocity was 60field/sec. Then the longest thrown pose was collected and analyzed by using Kwon 3D ver. 3.1 program. The results obtained from this study were followings; 1. During release, the fastest speed of ball was visually corrected followed by postnatal visually impaired and then born visually impaired. 2. Visually corrected used wrist joint well and had wide body round range with similar motion patterns, however born visually impaired couldn't do this at all. 3. Visually corrected used waist to lead shoulder at Phase 2 while throwing ball, but some of born visually impaired and postnatal visually impaired couldn't use waist to lead shoulder. 4. Visually corrected looked at the way where ball would go, but blinds couldn't look where ball would go. 5. Not like visually corrected who show similar patterns, born visually impaired showed each different patterns and some postnatal visually impaired showed similar patterns with visually corrected. 6. While throwing ball, visually corrected showed flexible weight-movement, postnatal visually impaired were not good as visually corrected, and born visually impaired couldn't do weight-movement at all. Synthetically, this result showed that throwing motions are affected a lot by the time when people became blind.

The World View on the Recreation of the Later World in Daesoonjinrihoe (대순진리회의 후천개벽 세계관)

  • Yoon, Yong-bok
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.27
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    • pp.1-34
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    • 2016
  • This paper aims to understand how Daesoonjinrihoe perceives the Later World. Daesoonjinrihoe supports to establish an earthly paradise through the re-creation of the real world unlike other religions which tend to relegate ultimate fulfillment to the afterlife. In other words, Daesoonjinrihoe endeavors to achieve their objectives in the human world rather than outside of it in a potential act of escapism. The new religions in Korea have been characterized by ethnocentrism and doctrines which present Koreans as the new chosen people by emphasizing Korea's crucial role in world leadership. However, the doctrine of Daesoonjinrihoe differ with other new religions of Korea in this regard as its purpose is to redeem the whole world. Daesoonjinrihoe proposes an open embrace of the religious diversity found in Korean society. Daesoonjinrihoe argues that the Later World has not come yet, even though the Former World is over and progress towards the Later World has already been set in motion. The meaning of human nobility is akin to anthropocentricity. According to a variety of myths and legends, animals and supernatural often attempt to become human. Moreover, it would not be an overstatement to assert that the re-creation of the real world and the Daesoon concept of human nobility correspond with these myths and legends. There were not definite interpretations regarding heaven in Confucianism historically, yet Daesoonjinrihoe differentiates clearly that heaven and Sangje are cosmic structures. Buddhism perceives that heaven separately exists as a cosmic structure and that Buddha is a transcendental entity, however; that entity is not accessible for intercession. On the contrary, the ways to save the world have been adduced in Daesoonjinrihoe. In addition, the earthly paradise of the Later World has likewise been introduced. Specifically, it is Sangje that opens the door to that paradise. Unresolved issues in the formation of a world view still persist. There are no shortage of studies on the notion of gods or divine beings, however; most of these studies focus on genealogical classification, forms, functions and other such topics. The concept of god, ghost, or soul does not seem to have been clearly defined in these studies nor has the relationship among these entities and humanity been satisfactorily examined. For example, if human beings become either gods or divine beings, questions regarding divine beings who have acted as protectors or guardians of human beings then arises. The Daesoon cosmology should be specifically compared to cosmology in Daoism. By conducting additional studies such as a comparative research with Daoism, it will be possible to interpret mantras and Daoist art as they appear in Daesoonjinrihoe in a thought-provoking way which can in turn be compared with other religions.