• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine genetic variation on leaf characteristics of Machilus thunbergii populations. Ten populations were subjected to multivariate analysis for 9 characteristics of leaf morphology. Average length of leaf blade, leaf width, petiole length, vein number were 9.8cm, 4.0cm, 1.8cm, 8.4 respectively, while angle of leaf base and leaf apex were $67.9^{\circ}$ and $78^{\circ}$ respectively. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) on leaf characteristics was 20% which indicate similar features among the populations. Nested analysis showed statistically signigicant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations. Genetic relationship between populations using complete linkage method showed four groups to Euclidean distance 1.2 and did not show a tendency to cluster into the same group. There were three principal components that had a meaningful eigenvalue over 1.0 among the 9 components. The explanatory power of the top three main components on the total variation was 92.8%. The first principal component (PC) was explained about 40.3% which is mainly correlated with maximum leaf width and the second PC was explained about 28.7% which is correlated with leaf blade length. The third PC was explained about 23.8% which is correlated with petiole length ($X_3$). These characters were important factors for analysis of the relationship among natural populations of M. thunbergii.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest vegetation management method as the cultural landscape forest of Dongbaek Island which is the district monument. The study area was $20,000m^2$ around the peak area in management as the nature sabbatical area. Vegetation structure type was classified with the criteria of topography, vegetation, management and the management plan was derived from the vegetation structure analysis according to the types. Vegetation structure types were Management-Camellia japonica, Non-management-Eurya japonica, Non-management-Rugged area-Eurya japonica. As the result of vegetation structure, Pinus thunbergii dominated in canopy layer and Camellia japonica and Eurya japonica dominated in Type I and in Type II and III, respectively. Especially, Machilus thunbergii as the climax species in the warm temperate forest were distributed centering shrubs, and as the result of distribution of diameter of breast height, middle size of Celtis sinensis and Machilus thunbergii were distributed in type I, II. Machilus thunbergii were distributed in range of 4 to 44 individuals through the all types. Mean age of canopy layer was 66 year-old and sub-canopy layer was 22.9 year-old. Shanon's species diversity was analysed from 0.5472 to 0.8646. As the vegetation management direction of Dongbaek island, managed Camellia japonica forest was suggested to maintain the regular management and non-managed Eurya japonica forest was required to remove the Eurya japonica and plant the Camellia japonica. In case of non managed Eurya japonica forest in rugged area, vegetation succession was required to laurel forest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.484-492
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• 2019

The aim of the present study was to compare the cold tolerance of seven different types of trees growing in southern Korea to select evergreen broad-leaved trees that can be used as street trees in large land areas experiencing climate change. The trees compared were the thorn tree, Cinnamomum camphora, Camellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii, Dendropanax morbifera, Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Raphiolepis indica. When the trees were subjected to low temperature treatment, their electrolyte elution volume values appeared to increase with the decreases in the treatment temperature. The analysis of the cold tolerance of each type of tree was based on the estimated temperatures in the following order: C. japonica (-11.586℃) > R. indica (-9.348℃) > Q. glauca (-8.719℃) > M. thunbergii (-8.090℃) > D. macropodum (-7.409℃) > D. morbifera (-7.085℃) > C. camphora (-6.995℃). The relative cold tolerance difference found in the seven tree species was more than 5℃, as evaluated previously. In the Lauraceae family, the difference in cold tolerance was more than 2℃, even in the same species. The analysis showed that trees with excellent cold tolerance included Q. glauca Thunb., C. japonica, R. indica, and the thorn tree. This knowledge is required for the evaluation of the possibility of the survival of trees under cold temperature conditions in cities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 1994

The evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mt. Turyunsan was classified into four plant communities : Carpinus tschonoskii community, Carpinus tschonoskii - Quercus acute community, Quercus acuta community, Neolitisea sericea community. Quercus acuta, which had been appeared as a dominant species in most evergreen broad-leaved forest, was assumed to be succeed from Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis through Carpinus tschonoskii, and would be succeed to Neolitsea serisea. Carpinus thschonoskii and Quercu serrata were assumed to be competitive with Quercus acuta, Camellia japonica, Neolitsea serisea and, Machilus thunbergii. It was assumed that Quercus acuta had a similiar ecological niche with Camellia japonica. Also it was assumed Neolitsea serisea had a similiar ecological niche with Lozoste lansifolia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 1997

This research was conducted to determine contents of lipids and hydrocarbons for plants distributed in the sourthern region of Korea. The lipid extracts from each plants were purified by solvent fractionation, column chromatography. TLC and analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, contents netural lipids and phospholipids were the highest in Aleurites fordii and Camellia japonica among the all plants examined. Most of the fatty acids in lipids was palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Content of hydrocarbon was the highest in Fatsia japonica among the all plants examined. Hydrocarbons contained in the plant was mainly more than 16 number of carbons.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.297-300
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• 1993

Six flavonoid compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of Machilus thunbergii leaves were identified by HPLC. Separation by reversed phase chromatography on u-Bondapak C18 column was achieved by isocratic elution. The contents of the major flavonoids, guaijaverin and quercitrin were about 0.48% (w/w) and 0.98% (w/w) for the methanol extract, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2019

Lips have a defect in maintenance of moisture due to their thin layer. As aging progresses, lips lose volume and redness, and become wrinkled. Fat grafting and filler surgery have been used to achieve attractive lips, but little research has been reported to develop better materials to replace the present methods. Recently, a study suggests that the increase of adipocyte number can be enhancing the expansion endogenous fat. In previous study, we identified that the efficacy of Magnolia officinalis bark extract (MOBE) was effective on the induction of adipogenic differentiation. In this study, we confirmed that MOBE enhanced the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells on the fat mimic 3D structure built by 3D bioprinting method From further experiments in human, we established a method to quantify the severity of lip wrinkle by measurement of standard deviation of gray value using Image J software. Finally, we found that topical treatment with 1% MOBE formulated lip balm significantly improved the lip wrinkle after using for 12 weeks. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MOBE has great potential, as a cosmetic ingredient, to reduce the lip wrinkle through the effect of promoting adipogenic differentiation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.352-365
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• 1997

As a serials of researches for the restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests, the restoration strategies of the case study areas were proposed. Restoration type of vegetation were classified into an improvement type and a reconstruction type and a reconstruction type for Wando(Island). Improvement type of restoration was suggested for Mokdo(Island). Quercus acuta community, Q. salicina community, Neolitsea sericea community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Machilus thunbergii community, Cinnamomum japonicum community, etc. were suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation for Sando(Island). Machlus thunvergii community was suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation for Mokdo(Island). Also the species restoration olan of the Wando(Island) was prepared for Quercus salicina of Fagaceae and Ostrya japonica of Betulaceae those which the natural distribution and population size were very limited. There was no species which needed for species restoration urgently at Mokdo(Island).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1298-1303
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• 2015

Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) is an evergreen tree cultivated in Korea and Japan. M. thunbergii has long been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China, and Japan to treat various diseases, including edema, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. In this study, dried stem bark of M. thunbergii extracted in methanol and extract was partitioned into n-hexane, CHCl₃, and BuOH. The CHCl₃-soluble extracts chromatographed on silica gel column using a CHCl₃/acetone and n-hexane/EtOAc mixture to afford Compound 1 and 2. Two dibenzylbutane lignans, macelignan (1) and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (2), were isolated from the CHCl₃-soluble extract of M. thunbergii stem bark. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data analyses and a comparison with literature data. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated. Among these compounds, Compound 2 strongly inhibited the monophenolase (IC₅₀=10.2 μM) activity of tyrosinase. A kinetic analysis showed that Compound 2 was a competitive inhibitor. The apparent inhibition constant (K_i) for Compound 2 binding to free enzyme was 4.8 μM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (2) is a potential candidate for the treatment of melanin biosynthesis-related skin diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.866-872
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• 2010

This study investigates the methods of the natural dyeing of silk fabrics with Machilus thunbergii cortex extract. After the dyeing of silk with a Machilus thunbergii cortex extract, the dyeability of the Machilus thunbergii cortex extract was evaluated with the dyeing time, concentration, temperature, the numbers of repeated dyeing, the pH of the dyebath, the changes of the K/S value, and surface colors by the methods of mordanting and color fastness. The effective dyeing conditions with silk fabrics were at a concentration of 120g/L, the dyeing temperature at $80^{\circ}C$, and the dyeing time for one hour ten minutes. The effective number of repeated dyeing was three times. The dyeing operation was carried out in a neutral dyebath of pH 7. The K/S value was higher in most of the pre-mordants (except the Sn mordant) and a high K/S value was shown in the copper pre-mordant. The colors of the silk fabrics with Machilus thunbergii cortex were of various brown shades. The color difference was distinct when using the Fe-mordant and the colorfastness of all the dyed samples was low; however, the dry cleaning fastness was excellent at the 4-5 grade.