• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.572-581
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to improve the irregularity of the stress-strain curve and to ensure accuracy when calculating the damping effect by preventing members from moving in the off-plane direction due to eccentricity when loads are applied. Method: The specifications of the steel strips used in this study are the same, but the curvature of the strips to constitute each damper is different. Each steel strip with different curvature was arranged in an triangle, three dampers with different curvature were made, and repeated load tests were conducted, and the amount of energy dissipation was calculated to measure the performance of the damper. Result: The amount of energy dissipation significantly decreases compared to the case where there is no initial curvature, and the change in the test energy dissipation amount according to the size of the curvature is not large, and the presence or absence of the hyperbolic rate is considered an important variable. Conclusion: The period is about 78.7% longer from T=0.3 to T=0.536sec, and the response spectrum acceleration is reduced from Sa=0.54g to Sa=0.229g, so the damping effect of the damper is sufficient.

• Women's Studies Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.3-42
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• 2011

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of transnational cigarette companies' strategies to expand the female market in Korea after the market opening of 1988. Focusing on 'Virginia Slims' and 'Finesse', which are the PM and BAT's representative female brands, this study explores whether their typical advertising strategies were transformed in Korean market. After 3years from the market opening, 'Virginia Slims' gave up its brand identity and the strategy was so successful that 'Virginia Slims' continued to be 2nd best-selling brand in the imported cigarette market in Korea. In contrast, 'Finesse' maintained a typical women's cigarette image during the 1990s and consequently occupied the highest brand awareness as a female cigarette but lower market share than Virginia Slims. TTCs adapted to a doubly obstructed Korea market with its strong taboo against female smoking and a comparatively stronger legal ban on all cigarette ads targeting women. However, diverse indirect cigarette ads and promotions, which circumvented regulations, suggest that ads transforming was not to give up Korean female customers. Furthermore, the cigarette ads that the soft and mild taste of female brands are associated with healthy image rather than gendered image may appeal to Korean women without touching their emotions and desires.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading has been the most extensive damage to pile foundations during earthquakes. Several cases of pile failures were reported despite the fact that a large margin of safety factor was employed in their design. In this study, 1-g shaking table tests were performed in order to analyze the failure behavior of piles embedded in liquefied soil deposits by buckling instability. As a result, it can be concluded that the pile subjected to excessive axial loads $(near\;P_{cr})$ can fail easily by buckling instability during liquefaction. When lateral spreading took place in sloping grounds, it was found that lateral loading due to lateral spreading increased lateral deflection of pile and reduced the buckling load. In addition, from the buckling shape of pile, difference between Euler's buckling and pile buckling vat observed. In the case of pile buckling, hinge formed at the middle point of the pile, not at the bottom. And in sloping grounds, location of hinge formation got lower compared with level ground because of the soil movements.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2006

For the interests in the economical and safe design of foundation system, the concern on the piled raft or disconnected piled raft foundation system is increasing now. In this study, the behavior and the effects of the disconnected piled raft foundation not studied actively in this country were examined using the triaxial compression tests in place of laboratory model tests. The triaxial test samples were prepared with Jumunjin standard sand and the carbon rods, which simulate the ground soil and piles respectively. After the sample in which carbon rods were arranged was laid inside the triaxial chamber, the confining pressure was applied and then loading test was conducted. To analyze the reinforcing effects of the disconnected piled raft foundation, a few number of tests were carried out by changing the number, the diameter and the length of the model piles. As a result of this study, in the disconnected piled raft foundation system, even though the number of pile is few and the diameter of pile is small, the settlement of the foundation system decreased greatly.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2022

Fresh, washed ginseng can be contaminated with microorganism loads as high as 6.5 log CFU/g for total bacteria and 4.3 log CFU/g for mold. The goal of this study was to test eight antibacterial agents on ginseng. Immersing fresh ginseng washed in 1% (w/w) sodium citrate, sodium diacetate, sodium acetate, citric acid, and sodium lactate solution for 1 h resulted in a bactericidal effect of 31.0-97.5% for total bacteria. Among the organic acids, sodium citrate had the best antibacterial effect, with total bacteria reduced from 6.5 log to 4.9 log CFU/g. A 1% (w/w) vitamin B₁ lauryl sulfate solution with surfactant function by hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites can reduce 2.7 log CFU/g (99.8% inactivation) on total bacteria. In the 1% (w/w) calcium oxide solution, total bacteria were reduced by 3 log, showing an excellent inactivation effect of 99.9%. Calcium oxide is a highly useful material for inactivation of microorganisms in fresh ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

The aim of this review was to evaluate minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion on the latest update. Lumbar interbody fusion was introduced recently. This study performed, a literature review of the indications, clinical outcomes, fusion rate, and complications regarding recently highlighted minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion. The indications of lateral lumbar interbody fusion are similar to the conventional anterior and posterior interbody fusion in degenerative lumbar diseases. In particular, lateral lumbar interbody fusion is an effective minimally invasive surgery in spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, degenerative adult deformity, degenerative disc disease and adjacent segment disease. In addition, the clinical outcomes and fusion rates of lateral lumbar interbody fusion are similar compared to conventional lumbar fusion. On the other hand, non-specific complications including hip flexor weakness, nerve injury, vascular injury, visceral injury, cage subsidence and pseudohernia have been reported. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion is a very useful minimally invasive surgery because it has advantages over conventional anterior and posterior interbody fusion without many of the disadvantages. Nevertheless, nonspecific complications during lateral lumbar interbody fusion procedure remain a challenge to be improved.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.35
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• pp.145-155
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• 2018

The goal of the study is to provide a new type of audio-visualization method through case analysis and work production based on Polysomnography(PSG) data that is difficult to interpret or not familiar to the public. Most art works are produced with conscious actions during waking hours. On the other hand, during sleep, we get into the world of unconsciousness. Therefore, through the experiment, want to discover if could get something new when we were in the subconscious state, and if so, wondered what kind of art could be made through it. The study method is to consider definition of sleep and sleep data first. The sleep data were classified into normal group and Narcolepsy, Insomnia, and sleep apnea by focusing on sleep disorder graphs that is measured by sleep polygraph. After that, I refined and converted the acquired biometric data into a text-based script. The degree of sleep in the text form of the script was rendered as a 3D animated image using Maya. In addition, the heart rate data script was transformed into a midi format, and the audition was implemented in the garage band. After Effects combines the image and sound to create four single channel images of 3 minutes and 20 seconds each. As a result of the research, I made an opportunity for anyone easy to understand the results, having difference with the normal data, through art instead of using difficult medical term. It also showed the possibility of artistic expression even when conscious actions did not occur. Through the results of this research, I expect the expansion and diversity of artistic audiovisual expression of biometric data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6A
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• pp.495-502
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• 2010

A study for the nonlinear analysis method of flexural behavior of concrete girders strengthened with unbonded prestressed CFRP plates is presented. The concrete girders strengthened with unbonded prestressed CFRP plates exhibit more complex nonlinear behavior due to the slip between the concrete girder and the CFRP plates than the case of bonded CFRP plates. The unbonded CFRP plate is modeled as an assemblage of the curved elements both ends of which are rigidly linked to the nodes of fibered frame elements. The slip effect of the unbonded CFRP plate is taken into account using the force equilibrium relationship at each node. To evaluate the validity and the capability of the proposed analysis method, the ultimate analysis results of the concrete beams strengthened with unbonded prestressed CFRP plate are compared with the experimental results obtained from other investigators. The proposed analysis method is found to predict ultimate behaviors of these beams fairly well. Additionally the time-dependent deformations of the concrete beam seems to have little influence on the ultimate behaviors of concrete beams strengthened with unbonded prestressed CFRP plate, and the cracks of the concrete beam which occurred before strengthening it with CFRP plate are found to have almost no influence on the ultimate capacity of the beam.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2012

Franchise system in Korea has been developed in different way compared with American way of franchising based on mutual contract and intellectual property context. Korean franchising is mostly based on product distribution franchise concept rather than business format franchise in which franchisor makes revenue sources from providing their products as much as possible thru group purchasing and logistics rather than receiving royalty. Many franchise enterprises from Korea drive to enter into global franchise market based on the successful performance of Korean way of franchising. Korean enterprises are required to prepare completely for research and survey regarding local culture, custom, way of life and legal matters etc. when entering into global franchise market to gain a substantial performance. CaffeBene recently entered into American franchise business with success, and many other Korean franchise enterprises have a deep interest in proceeding with global franchise business modeling CaffeBene case. There is no Korean franchise enterprise in United Kingdom in which service franchise area in particular with personal service is considered to become a promising and potential franchise business and many people show a great interest in Oriental foods and beverages with well-being trend. Korean franchise enterprises have now access to United Kingdom easier because IT industry including internet of the country have been developed by leaps and bounds since London Olympic in 2012. The purpose of this study is to suggest key success factors and basic strategy such as situation analysis, selecting business format, and marketing strategy for successful launching of franchise business in United Kingdom.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-185
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• 2009

To help understanding about hazard chemicals occurring newly in food, it has been reviewed characteristics, mechanism, food standards and analytical trend of the hazard chemicals occurring avoidably in food manufacturing process. The new hazard chemicals in food are classified by 4 regarding mechanism such as heat, fermentation, additives and unknowns. The new hazard chemicals by heat process are acrylamide, furan, HCAs and PAHs. By the fermentation, ethylcarbamate and biogenic amines are occurred. According to food additives, 3-MCPD, benzene and nitrosamines can be produced. And the last group is the illegal compounds including anti-impotence drug analogues and anti-obesity drug analogues. To analyze the new hazard chemicals in food, GC or LC with UVD, FLD or MSD are used mainly after sample pretreatment by LLE, SPE or headspace method.