• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.24-32
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• 2010

In the present work, a new separation system with rotating rakes has been developed to separate the film-based plastics from the recyclable materials, and environment assessment is also carried out during operation of the device. Capacity of the device was about 5.3 ton/hr at a rakes rotation speed of 26.0 rpm (the number of rakes in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trials were 39, 52 and 48, respectively) and a belt conveyor speed of 38.5m/min, which satisfied the initial design capacity (5.0 ton/hr). Recovery ratio and purity of the plastic films were 92.6% and 96.5%, respectively at a rotation speed of 28 rpm. The levels of noise, vibration and particulate emission were below material standard regulatory limits. Plastic refused fuel (RPF) was also prepared with the recovered films. The calorific value and chlorine content of the prepared RPF were 9,740 kcal/kg and 0.18%, respectively which satisfy the first grade quality specification of the Korean RPF standard. As a result of this work, recovery of energy resources from the municipal solid waste is possible by adopting the developed separation device.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of screw speed, moisture content, and die temperature on the physical properties of extruded soy protein isolate. Extrusion conditions were moisture content (20 and 25%) and die temperature (120, 130, and $140^{\circ}C$) at a fixed screw speed of 250 rpm. The other extrusion conditions for screw speed (150, 200, 250, 300, and 330 rpm) were a fixed moisture content and die temperature of 30% and $140^{\circ}C$, respectively. Specific mechanical energy input decreased as die temperature increased from 120 to $140^{\circ}C$, whereas specific mechanical energy input increased as screw speed increased from 150 to 330 rpm. Expansion ratio and specific length increased as die temperature increased. Breaking strength decreased as die temperature increased and moisture content decreased. A lower moisture content resulted in a greater color difference. Integrity index increased as die temperature increased from 120 to $140^{\circ}C$ and moisture content decreased from 25 to 20%. Nitrogen solubility index decreased as screw speed increased from 150 to 330 rpm. Nitrogen solubility index was lowest at $2.83{\pm}0.51%$ as screw speed decreased to 150 rpm. In conclusion, moisture content was a more important factor than die temperature for texturization of soy protein isolate.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.320-322
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• 2010

저용량 에어컨의 압축기에 많이 사용되는 Single rotary 방식은 하나의 피스톤만을 채용하여 가격적인 면에서 큰 이점을 가진다. 그러나, 압축기 모터가 1회전할때 마다 압축과 토출을 단 1회 거치게 되므로, 부하변동을 심하여 진동이 많이 발생하는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 Single rotary를 사용하는 에어컨 제품에서는 저속에서의 운전을 회피하거나 하나의 운전점에 대한 전향보상기를 채용하여 진동을 저감시켜 왔다. 본 논문에서는 모든 운전점에서 보상이 가능하도록 압축과 토출로 인한 부하의 패턴에서 각 주파수 성분을 분석하여 자동으로 부하 토크를 보상하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 가장 영향이 큰 1차와 2차 주파수 성분의 속도 리플의 양을 FFT 하고, 그 양이 작아지는 방향으로 부하 토크를 전향 제어방식으로 인가하는 방식이다. 제안된 방식을 이용하여 저속 운전에서 진동이 저감 되는것을 실험을 통하여 보였다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.294-295
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• 2010

DC 모터의 전류 제어는 회전에 의해 발생하는 역기전력을 외란으로 취급하여 역기전력을 보상하는 방법이 많이 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 속도 센서를 사용할 수 없는 모터 응용 분야에서 상태 관측기를 사용하여 전류 제어기를 구성하는 문제를 다룬다. 제안된 관측기는 간단한 1차 모델에 대한 PI 관측기로 설계되며 역기전력을 추정하는 형태로 구성된다. 실험을 통해 제안한 관측기가 1차 모델만을 고려하여 설계되었음에도 DC 모터의 불확실성에 강인한 성능을 보임을 확인한다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.725-731
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• 2005

The distribution and kinematic information of the planetary nebula (PN) may provide a hint about the Galactic dynamics and evolutionary history. An analysis of the Galactic planetary nebular distribution and kinematics (distance, direction, velocity) is underwent, using the 502 PNs observational data given in the ‘THE STRASBOURG-ESO CATALOGUE OF GALACTIC PLANETARY NEBULAE.’ The representative average radial velocities, $(V_r)s$ is derived in six different directions of galactic latitudes, $l = 0^{\circ},\;90{\circ},\;180{\circ},\;270{\circ},$ plus apex and antapex $(56{\circ},\;236{\circ})$, respectively. The PNe near the apex approaches to the Sun with radial velocities, which values are $(V_r) = 69.0 km/s;$ whereas, those near the antapex recedes with $(V_r) = 64.1 km/s$, respectively. No particular trends are found along the z direction, although more PNs are found below the Galactic plane. This implies that the 3rd generation objects, PNs, move slowly on the galactic plane compared to the 4th generation stars like the Sun, indicative of possible interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.560-567
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• 2020

Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is a unique sheet-forming technique. The process is a die-less sheet metal manufacturing process for rapid prototyping and small batch production. In the forming process, the critical parameters affecting the formability of sheet materials are the tool diameter, step depth, feed rate, spindle speed, etc. This study examined the effects of these parameters on the formability in the forming of the varying wall angle conical frustum model for a pure Al3004 sheet with 1mm in thickness. Using Minitab software based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), a second order mathematical prediction model was established to predict and optimize the wall angle. The results showed that the maximum forming angle was 87.071° and the best combination of these parameters to give the best performance of the experiment is as follows: tool diameter of 6mm, spindle speed of 180rpm, step depth of 0.4mm, and feed rate of 772mm/min.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2022

Weight optimization was performed for a rotorcraft shaft system using one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli beam elements. Torsion, shaft support stiffness such as bearings, flange mass are all considered. To guarantee structural dynamic stability, eigenvalue analysis was performed to avoid critical speed and tooth mesh excitation form the gearbox. The weight optimization was performed by adjusting the thickness and radius while the length of the shaft was fixed, and the optimization process was divided into two stages. In the first, the weight is optimized with the torsional strength constraint. In the second, the difference between the primary mode of shaft and the critical speed is maximized so that the primary mode of the shaft can avoid the critical speed while the constraint on the torsional strength of the shaft is satisfied according to the standard for shaft system stability (AMC P 706-201, 1974). The proposed method was verified by comparing the results of the optimal design using the given one-dimensional beam elements with the stress results of the 3D finite element and the actual manufactured shaft.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-100
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• 2003

A change of filtrate flux in Taylor vortex flow filtration was investigated experimentally by rotating speed of inner cellulose ester membrane cylinder (average pore size: 1.2 ${\mu}m$), slurry concentration, and particle size. The filtrate flux was a direct proportion relation with TMP, but an inverse relation with resistances. A change of cake resistance with time was examined by rotating speed, slurry concentration, and particle size. Initial resistance increased dramatically as raising slurry concentration, and the pseudo-steady state was maintained at high resistance value. However, times to reach the pseudo-steady state did not depend on slurry concentration. The resistance was larger as smaller particle size, because possibility of pore blocking inside membrane could be higher and shear effect should be lower as smaller particle size. A model equation suggested in this study was composed of particle deposition and removal terms, and could confirm well experimental data using average values of experimental coefficients.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

Abandoned mine deposits are exposed to various physico-chemical geo-environmental hazards and disasters, such as acid mine drainage, water contamination, erosion, and landslides. This paper presents the ring shear characteristics of waste materials. The ring shear box with a rotatable O-ring was used in this study. Three tests were performed: (i) Shear stress-time relationship for given normal stress and shear speed, (ii) shear stress as a function of shear speed, and (iii) shear stress as a function of normal stress. For a given normal stress (50 kPa) and speed (0.1 mm/sec), the materials tested exhibit a strain softening behavior, regardless of drainage condition. The peak and residual shear stresses were determined for each normal stress and shear speed. The shear stress was measured when shear speed is equal to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100 mm/sec or when normal stress is equal to 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150 kPa. From the test results, we found that the shear stress increases with increasing shear speed. The shear stress also increases with increasing normal stress. However, different types of shearing mode were observed in drained and undrained conditions. Under drained condition, particle crushing was observed from the shearing zone to the bottom of lower ring. Under undrained condition, particle crushing was observed only at the shearing zone, which has approximately 1 cm thick. It means that a significant high shear speed under undrained condition can result in increased landslide hazard.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07d
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• pp.2057-2058
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• 2006

선형 전동기는 일반 회전기를 펼친 상태로 유도기, 전동기, 직류기 및 기타 특수 전동기로 분류하며 그 원리는 회전형 전동기와 같다. 직선 운동을 필요로 하는 시스템에서 기계적 변환 기구를 사용하지 않고 직접 직선 운동을 얻을 수 있으므로 향후 자동화 기기, 교통수단, 산업용 기기 등에 많은 수요를 창출할 수 있는 전동기이다. 또한 선형 전동기는 일반 회전형 전동기에 비해 스크류, 체인, 기어 시스템 등의 기계적인 변환장치가 없이 선형 구동력을 직접 발생시키므로 청정을 필요로 하는 환경에서 회전형에 비해 절대적으로 우세하다. 그러나 이상과 같은 장점을 지닌 선형 전동기를 실제 시스템에 적용하기 위해서는 속도의 저하에 따른 저 출력, 저 효율 및 고 가격과 같은 문제들을 우선적으로 해결해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이 선형 전동기 기술이 적용되는 차세대 LCD 공정 자동화설비인 10,000N급 Stocker System에 적용되는 핵심기술과 기술개발 동향에 대한 소개를 하고자 한다.