• 동양고전연구
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• 제70호
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• pp.33-58
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• 2018

본고는 독석(獨石) 황혁(黃赫)의 생애와 시세계를 밝히는 데 목적을 두었다. 본고가 황혁을 연구의 대상으로 삼은 이유는 다음 두 가지이다. 첫째, 황혁이 문학적으로 상당한 재능이 있었음에도 우리 문학사에서 조명을 받지 못하고 있다는 것이다. 둘째 황혁의 시세계를 탐색하는 일은 유배시의 외연을 넓힌다는 측면에서 의미가 있기 때문이다. 이를 위해 2장에서 황혁의 생애를 검토하였다. 황혁의 생애에서 주목되는 점은 황혁이 해동강서시파로 평가받는 부친 황정욱의 문재를 이어받았다는 것이다. 그가 문과에 장원급제를 한 후 10년간 빠르게 진급하여 통정대부까지 오른 사실은 황혁의 뛰어난 문재를 방증하는 것이라 하겠다. 황혁의 생애에서 또 하나 주목해야 할 점은 그가 임진왜란 때 작성한 항복권유문으로 인해서 20여 년의 긴 유배생활을 하게 되었다는 것이다. 이는 유배의 배경으로서 기존의 그것과 변별되는 지점이고, 이는 황혁의 독특한 시세계로 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 3장에서는 2장을 바탕으로 황혁의 시세계를 살펴보았다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, '시호(豺虎)의 현실(現實), 소무(蘇武)의 이미지'이다. 임진왜란은 황혁의 뇌리 속에 강하게 자리 잡은 나쁜 기억이었다. 왜냐하면 황혁이 긴 유배에 처하게 된 발단이 임진왜란 때 항복권유문을 썼기 때문이다. 이로 인해 황혁은 임진왜란 때의 현실을 '시호(豺虎)가 우글거리는 혐오스런 현실로 인식했으며, 결백한 자기 자신을 흉노에게 사신 갔다가 억류된 소무(蘇武)로 비유하였다. 둘째, '장사(長沙)의 현실(現實), 굴원(屈原)의 이미지'이다. 황혁은 암담한 유배지에 놓인 자신을 굴원으로 비유하였다. 이는 항복권유문을 모함한 북인에 의해 유배를 가게 된 자신을, 간신들의 모함을 받고 배척된 굴원(屈原)과 동일시하려 했기 때문이다. 독특한 점은, 황혁이 굴원의 이미지를 가져오되, 장사(長沙)라는 공간으로 한정했다는 것이다. 장사(長沙)는 굴원이 투신자살한 멱라수가 있는 곳이다. 황혁은 굴원이 최후를 맞이한 장사를 통해 항복권유문이라는 치명적인 죄에서 벗어날 수 없었던 자신의 암담한 처지를 보여주고자 했던 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.423-425
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• 1996

Tic convulsif is a syndrome restricted to paroxysmal dysfunction of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves. It occurs predominantly in women over the age of 50 years and is usually associated with an ectatic vertebrobasilar artery - less frequently an arteriovenous malformation or cholesteatoma - which compresses the trigeminal and facial nerve roots in the postetior fossa. In rare instances this syndrome may be caused by brain tumor. Because of the high incidence of posterior fossa lesions in painful tic convulsif, a complete neurological evaluation including computerised transaxial tomography should be performed in every case. We experienced a case of trigeminal neuralgia(mandibular division)and contralateral hemifacial spasm.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2001

A significant injury of ligament or tendon that might result in hypermobility and/or instability has been termed connective tissue insufficiency (CTI). Load bearing on CTI can sometimes create a malfunction of the mechanoreceptor and this in turn can aggravate the problem thus creating a chronic condition. Prolotherapy means the injection of growth factors or growth factor stimulators into the fibroosseous junction of the disabled ligament, tendon or cartilages in order to strengthen and promote proliferation of the injured Connective tissue. In the case of frequent recurrence or unresponsiveness to conservative treatment including nerve blocks in the chronic musculoskeletal disorder. We obtained good results after the prolotherapy treatment. This study will report on 5 cases of prolotherapy treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2001

Complex regional pain syndrome type I of vascular origin is difficult to detect unless the classic symptoms and signs exist and/or overt extremity trauma has precipitated the pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by relief of pain following a sympathetic nerve blockade. A 36-year-old woman with arterial occlusive disease of the right lower extremity presented with burning pain and hyperesthesia after sprain had occurred which was accompanied by motor weakness of right ankle. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion blockade with 2% lidocaine 10 ml and triamcinolone 80 mg produced prompt improvement of the pain and motion.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.148-151
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• 1999

This report is a case of 62-year-old man with anterior chest pain and pin pricking pain with allodynia affecting left T5 sensory dermatome for 3 months without history of vesicular skin eruption. He had a history of diabetes mellitus for 10 years and insulin therapy for recent 1 year. EKG, chest PA and rib series were normal. Serologic evaluation of IgG antibody to varicella-zoster virus was positive and was diagnosed as post herpetic neuralgia after zoster sine herpete. He was treated with left T5 nerve root block followed by thoracic epidural blockade and intercostal nerve block for 2 weeks. His VAS score decreased from 10 to 2 after 2 weeks of treatment. After 3 months, he revisited our clinic complaining right side chest pain followed by vesicular skin eruption 8 days after the onset of pain. He was treated as herpes zoster and tolerates well after 4 months.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between the daily routines and physical environments of daycare centers. Methods: A total of 20 classes at 8 different daycare centers from the metropolitan city of Daejeon were investigated. Trained observers visited each daycare center more than 3 times and collected data about daily routines using the Observational Log for Daily Routines in Daycare Centers. Also, the physical environments of each class were investigated in terms of actual size, layout of activity center, etc. Results and Conclusion: Results of the study were: first, daily routines of daycare centers could be divided into 2 distinguishable types by cluster analysis- 'free play oriented' and 'group activity oriented' Second, the amount of space each child has in a classroom differed according to the total size of the classroom. An average of 7 activity centers existed in each classroom. Third, there was a difference between free play oriented and group activity oriented groups in terms of the classroom size allocated for each child and the organization of the activity centers.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 1998

Backgrounds: Cervical epidural nerve block is useful in the management of a variety of acute, chronic and cancer related pain syndromes involving the head, face, neck and upper extrimity. To safely perfom the cervical epidural block, an appreciation of the expected distance from skin to epidural space is important. We studied the distance from skin to cervical epidural space of adults to determine if any relationship exists between patient height, weight and neck circumference and the distance from skin to epidural space. Methods: Patients 170, suffering from neck and upper extremity pain with cervical HIVD(herniated intervertebral dics) were selected. Cervical epidural block was performed at $C_{6\sim7}$ or $C_{7-}T_1$ intervertebral space. Then measured the distance from skin to epidural space and analysed the relationship between age, height, weight and neck circumference and the distance from skin to epidural space. Results: The cervical epidural depth of male $C_{6\sim7}$, male $C_{7-}T_1$, female $C_{6\sim7}$ and female $C_{7-}T_1$ groups were $5.17{\pm}0.63$, $5.47{\pm}0.59$, $4.84{\pm}0.56$ and $5.01{\pm}0.60$ cm respectively. Cervical epidural depth significantly correlated with body weight, ponderal index and neck circumference. Conclusions: The distance from skin to cervical epidural space has significant relationships with weight, ponderal index and neck circumference. Although experience is important, patient's weight and neck circumference are indicating factor, of the cervical epidural depth.