• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2014

Localized forms of giant cell tumor are known to arise commonly in the synovial membrane of the finger joints. Multinucleated giant cells are its characteristic pathology finding, giant cell tumor shows a low rate of recurrence after complete excision. When occurring at the knee joints, giant cell tumor manifests a wide form of symptoms, from no symptom at all, to intermittent locking. Complete excision is possible by arthroscopy, but if done incompletely, it is reported to recur in 45% of cases. We present here a case of giant cell tumor that has arisen from the anterior portion of the posterior cruciate ligament, excised by arthroscopy and followed by pathologic confirmation.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.354-358
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• 2020

Lipoma arborescens (LA) is a rare lesion that causes joint effusion and pain. LA usually presents as a unilateral knee lesion, and bilateral lesions are extremely rare. LA among adolescent patients is also extremely rare with the disorder having a much higher incidence among adults. This paper reports a 14-year-old boy who was treated for bilateral knee LA. X-rays revealed the characteristic features of LA in both knees, and arthroscopic synovectomy was performed to resect the lesions. Postoperative recovery progressed smoothly, and the patient was eventually relieved of pain and swelling. LA should be considered when adolescent patients present with bilateral pain and swelling, even though this condition is rare in this age group. Furthermore, surgical synovectomy for a complete resection is an appropriate treatment option.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.34-52
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• 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal medicines on transient hip synovitis (TSH) in children. Methods We searched 10 Korean, English, Japanese, and Chinese databases for studies published up to September 19, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of herbal medicines on TSH levels in children were included. The Cochrane risk of bias was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted according to outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), visual analog score (VAS), time to pain relief, and hip joint mobility disorder disappearance time, using the Review Manager website. Results Eleven RCTs were included in this study. TER in the treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group. The duration of pain relief was significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group. The VAS score of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group, although the statistical heterogeneity was substantial. The hip joint mobility disorder disappeared in the treatment group treated with external therapy, which was significantly shorter than in the control group. Regarding safety, two of the 11 studies reported that there were no adverse events. Conclusions Herbal medicines are effective in the treatment of TSH in children. However, the safety of herbal medicines should be carefully considered due to the lack of data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.531-548
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• 2024

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a condition characterized by hip joint instability due to acetabular dysplasia in infancy, necessitating precise ultrasound examination. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is caused by a temporary disruption in blood flow to the femoral head during childhood, progressing through avascular, fragmentation, re-ossification, and residual stages. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a condition where the femoral head shifts medially along the epiphyseal line during adolescence due to stress, such as weight-bearing. Differentiating between transient hip synovitis and septic arthritis may require joint fluid aspiration. Osteomyelitis can be associated with soft tissue edema and osteolysis. When multiple lesions are present, it is essential to distinguish between Langerhans cell histiocytosis and metastatic neuroblastoma. This review will introduce imaging techniques and typical findings for these conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

Purpose: To assess the clinical results of ACL reconstruction with a fresh frozen Achilles allograft, retrospectively and the findings of the graft in second look arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight ACL reconstructions using fresh frozen Achilles tendon allograft were included in this study between March 1999 and February 2003. The average age was 31.2 years old and the average follow-up was 16.6 months(range: 12-26 months). The clinical evaluation was done by KT-1000 arthrometer, Lysholm knee score, range of motion, Lachman and pivot-shift test. Results: In the last follow-up of Lachman test, 21 cases showed normal, 5 cases grade 1, 2 cases grade 2 and 1 case grade1. The results of pivot-shift test data, 23 cases(82.1%) were normal, 4 cases(14.3%) grade 1, 1 case(3.6%) grade 2. The mean maximum side-to-side difference was improved from 6.75mm preoperatively to 2.46mm in the last follow-up. Lysholm knee score was improved from 73.5 preoperatively to 91.6 in last follow-up. Re-rupture of the ACL graft was found in one case and one case of wound infection in the tibial incision was found. The 6 cases showed the good synovialization of the ACL graft. Conclusion: The anterior stability was restored with ACL reconstruction using fresh frozen Achilles allografts and the good synovialization was found in the second-look arthroscopy

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate status of reconstructed ACL and changes around graft through second-look arthroscopy after arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL with autograft tendons. Material and Methods: Between Jun. 2003 and Feb. 2007, the second look arthroscopy was performed on 22 cases. Second-look arthroscopy was conducted on average 15.1 $(7\sim31)$ months after reconstruction. 15 cases received hamstring tendon autograft, 7 cases received bone-patellar tendonbone autograft. We measured graft tension using displacement by probing, synovial coverage by visual analysis at second-look arthroscopy The assay in Lysholm score, Lachmann test and KT-2000 arthrometer were evaluated status of reconstructed ACL. Results: The hamstring tendon group showed normal tension in 11 cases and lax tension in 4 cases. The patellar tendon group showed normal tension in 3 cases, lax tension in 2 cases and partial tear in 2 cases. In the hamstring tendon group, synovial coverage was good in 11 cases, half in 3 cases and pale in 1 case, and the bone-patellar tendon-bone group was good in 4 cases and half in 3 cases. The patellar tendon group was superior to the hamstring tendon group in Lysholm score (p<0.05), but insignificance difference in KT-2000 arthrometer results statistically. Conclusion: The hamstring tendon group was superior to the bone-patellar tendon-bone group in second-look arthroscopy after ACL reconstruction with autograft tendons results, but long term follow up will be necessary to further evaluated.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 1998

Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of Re-188 sulfur colloid for radiation synovectomy and therapy of intraperitoneal metastasis. Materials and Methods: We investigated the labeling efficiency of Re-188 sulfur colloid on various conditions. The stability of Re-188 sulfur colloid was observed at room temperature for 24 h and in human serum and synovial fluid for 72 h. The particle size distribution of Re-188 sulfur colloid was measured by filtering with various pore size filters. Animal experiment was performed in mice and rabbits. Results: The labeling efficiency of Re-188 sulfur colloid was $64.5{\pm}5.8%$ (n=5) at the conditions of sodium thiosulfate 40 mg, EDTA $Na_2.2H_2O$ 0.8 mg, $KReO_4$ 0.8 mg at pH 1. After purification, the radiochemical purity was higher than 99%. The stability of Re-188 sulfur colloid was high (>99%) at room temperature for 24 h and in human serum and synovial fluid for 72 h. The particle size distribution of Re-188 sulfur colloid was 0.3% ($<1{\mu}m$), 11.2% ($1{\sim}5{\mu}m$), 25.8% ($5{\sim}10{\mu}m$) and 52.8% ($>10{\mu}m$). In mice, 1 h postinjection of Re-188 sulfur colloid into tail vein, uptakes in lung, liver and muscle were $37.30{\pm}5.36$, $32.33{\pm}1.79$, $6.60{\pm}0.02%$ ID/organ respectively. After i.p. injection in mice, the uptakes of extraperitonial organs of Re-188 sulfur colloid at 1 and 24 h were $0.1{\pm}0.1$, $0.4{\pm}0.1%$ ID/organ, and the excretions through urine and feces (${\sim}70 h$) were low ($2.68{\pm}0.80$, $0.95{\pm}0.17%$). When Re-188 sulfur colloid was injected to synovial space of rabbit, the uptake in other organs except knee was very low. Conclusion: Re-188 sulfur colloid showed high labeling efficiency, stability and potency for clinical use.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2011

Purpose: This study is to compare the clinical results of ACL reconstruction between three groups using hamstring tendon autograft, mixed and tibialis tendon allograft. Materials and Methods: Between August 2003 and August 2008, we analyzed 169 cases of ACL reconstruction, 66 cases used hamstring tendon autograft, 42 cases used mixed graft and 61 cases used tibialis tendon allograft, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. For the clinical evaluation, we evaluated the Lysholm score, Telos stress test device and IKDC score. Results: The average side to side difference in Telos stress test decreased from $7.5{\pm}1.0$ mm to $1.6{\pm}1.0$ mm in autograft group, from $7.6{\pm}1.1$ mm to $1.4{\pm}1.1$ mm in mixed graft group and from $7.4{\pm}1.3$ mm to $2.5{\pm}1.3$ mm in allograft group. The average Lysholm knee score improved from 58.6 to 92.3 in autograft group, from 60.6 to 92.6 in mixed graft group and from 55.3 to 91.5 in allograft group. There was no significant difference between three groups in clinical results. At second look arthroscopy, tension of ligament and synovial coverage were good result in autograft and mixed graft than allograft group. Conclusion: All hamstring tendon autograft, mixed graft and tibialis tendon allograft groups showed satisfactory clinical results, with no significant difference in outcomes between the groups. Both hamstring tendon autograft and mixed graft showed good synovial coverage in second look arthroscopy. So mixed graft will be considered as good alternative in case of shorter or thin harvested hamstring tendon.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the real pathology & abnormal finding found by ultrasonography. Without an MRI test being done beforehand, an arthroscopy is done after an ultrasonography to show abnormal lesions during a knee abnormality. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 42 patients out of 49 cases, excluding those with rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis and patients suspected with a ligament tear, which were examined by ultrasonography alone before receiving a knee arthroscopy in our hospital from July 2007 to July 2008. In every case, a physical examination, simple X-ray and knee ultrasonography was done. An arthroscopy was performed when there was ultrasonographic abnormal finding. Before the procedure, a MRI test was not performed and when abnormal findings were found by an arthroscopy, an appropriate surgery was done. Results: During the ultrasonographic examination, there were various sized effusions in the suprapatellar pouch. Also, in addition there were eleven cases of medial meniscus abnormalities, sixteen cases of lateral meniscus abnormalities, and two cases of cystic lesions. Throughout the arthroscopic examination, there were 14 cases of medial meniscus abnormalities, 20 cases of lateral meniscus abnormalities, 15 cases of cartilage damages, 9 cases of medial pathologic plica, 2 cases of intra-articular loose bodies, 5 cases of chondromalacia, 2 cases of cyst, and 2 cases of synovitis. When an effusion abnormality was found by the ultrasonography in a suprapatellar pouch, there was a 100% probability of knee pathology. When a medial meniscus abnormality was found with an ultrasonography, there was a 90.9% probability of a real pathology. When a lateral meniscus abnormality was found there was 81.2% probability of a real pathology. Ultrasonography was 100% accurate when it came to cystic lesions. Conclusion: Knee ultrasonography performed before an arthroscopy seems to be a very useful examination method when suspecting intra-articular lesions.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

Purpose: This study analyzed the treatment effects of drain insertion in the posteromedial portal after an arthroscopic synovectomy and posterior septum resection for pyogenic arthritis. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to December 2016, 56 cases (55 patients, 1 case of bilateral knee) were diagnosed with pyogenic arthritis and arthroscopic treatment was performed. Fourteen patients (25.0%) were identified with causative organisms. The average follow-up period was 12.3 months, and the mean age was 67.8 years old. Twenty-four cases were males and 31 cases were females. Kellgrene-Lawrence grade (K-L grade) I was 6 patients, II was 20 patients, III was 11 patients, and IV was 18 patients. Surgery was performed through six portal. The posterior septum was removed and a drainage tube was inserted from the posterior medial side to the posterior side of the joint. The Lysholm score was used after surgery for a functional evaluation. The K-L grade at the time of admission and at the last follow-up were compared for a radiological evaluation. Results: The mean normalization period of the C-reactive protein was 59.8 days (6-164 days). Intravenous antibiotics were used for an average of 37.1 days. The results of the functional evaluation revealed a mean Lysholm score of 64.5 (30-98) in a total of 56 cases. Two reoperations was performed, but the treatment was completed with same method in all patients. The K-L grade was similar at the time of surgery and at the last follow-up (p>0.05). Conclusion: The method of drain insertion in the posteromedial portal after arthroscopic synovectomy and posterior septum resection for pyogenic arthritis is an effective technique that can obtain satisfactory results by inducing proper exudate discharge.