• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.123-135
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study was to rivew systemically literature and clinical trials in the treatment of urinary incontinence or lower urinary tract syndrome(LUTS). Methods : Computerized literature searches were carried out on two electronic database, and computerized searching on some korea oriental medicine journals in library of Kyung-Hee Medical center. Results : 1. Three reports of review study, six reports of experimental study and fourteen reports of clinical trials were collected and reviewed. Three reports of review study were all printed in the korea oriental medicine journal. From 2000, researches and studies have been increased in quantity and improved in quality. 2. Urinary disturbance include variable symptoms of lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, in theaspect of Oriental medicine these symptoms are anurin, dysuria, urinary incontinence, nochumal enuresis, uracratia and so on. 3. Roughly physiological procedure of Acupuncture in Treatment of Urianry Disturbance may be that effect of acupuncture stimulation for parasympathetic nerve, sleep-arousal system in cerebrum, pontine/spinal urination center and pudendal/pelvic nerve affect bladder in expansion of bladder capacity, inhibition of urinary contraction and affection in periurethral muscle by continuous excitement of spinal annular circuit and synapse of neuron. 4. Clinical result for acupuncture treatment in urinary disturbance is summarized that acupuncture treatment in urianation disturbance of Neurogenic Bladder, Incontinence, Cycitis, Nocturnal Enuresis, Prostatitis/Pelvic Pain Syndrom and so on is significant clinical trials and technique. Conclusion : Hereafter, in the old age society these variable urinary disturbance patients are increased and desire of treatment may be also increased. So study of various and formal treatment and tecnnique is needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

In proceeding with orthodontic treatment, the prediction for the shape, growth rate and growth direction of mandible plays a major role to set up the treatment plan and determine its period and prognosis. Various approaches being made so far have shown that the linear and angular measurement using lateral cephalograms are relatively accurate to estimate them. This study was purposed to find the shape of mandible more clearly by preventing the overlap of the Condyle head area which appears in lateral cephalogram, and to estimate its growth rate by comparing the growth quantity and ratio via lateral area measurement. This experimental was performed against 40 patients total, of which Class I of 14, Class II of 9 and Class III of 17 consist. Wide open lateral cephalograms of 40 patients were taken over average period of 4 Year 3 Months, then the linear and angular measurements were carried out with 11 itemized lists. Autocad Rl4 application program was utilized to draw their appearance, measure and compare their lateral area. As a result of study, conclusions were made as follows; 1. Mandibular body length (gonion-menton) tended to increase in order of CIII, CI and CII, and Mandibular body length of CIII group had a tendency to grow twice faster than that of CII group. 2. In lateral items such as Go-Me, A-Cd, B-Cp, E-F and G-H, CIII showed a significant increase on the year-average quantity and rate of the growth, and especially apparent difference was observed in CIII group rather than CII group. 3. For the 4 Year 3 Months period, the year-average growth quantity of lateral area of the mandible was $1.0cm^2$ for Class I, $0.8cm^2$ for Class II and $1.4cm^2$ for Class III, which corresponds to $11.9\%,\;11.8\%\;and\;20.3\%$ of growth ratio respectively. Thus, growth ratio almost 2 times more than other groups was observed in group CIII while growth ratio between group CI and CII has little difference. 4. Considering the results as above, it can be proposed that the difference in size of the mandible between groups is caused by the difference in the growth rate and growth quantity of the mandible, which generated in the middle of growth, rather than the difference in size of congenital Jaw-bone.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2015

We have investigated the EPR signal properties in 12 components of two mobile phones (LCD, OLED) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer in this study.EPR measurements were performed at normal atmospheric conditions using Bruker EXEXSYS-II E500 spectrometer with X-band bridge, and samples were irradiated by $^{137}Cs$ gamma-ray source. To identify the presence of radiation-induced signal (RIS), the EPR spectra of each sample were measured unirradiated and irradiated at 50 Gy. Then, dose-response curve and signal intensity variating by time after irradiation were measured. As a result, the signal intensity increased after irradiation in all samples except the USIM plastic and IC chip. Among the samples, cover glass(CG), lens, light guide plate(LGP) and diffusion sheet have shown fine linearity ($R^2$ > 0.99). Especially, the LGP had ideal characteristics for dosimetry because there were no signal in 0 Gy and high rate of increase in RIS. However, this sample showed weakness in fading. Signal intensity of LGP and Diffusion Sheet decreased by 50% within 72 hours after irradiation, while signals of Cover Glass and Lens were stably preserved during the short period of time. In order to apply rapidly EPR dosimetry using mobile phone components in large-scale radiation accidents, further studies on signal differences for same components of the different mobile phone, fading, pretreatment of samples and processing of background signal are needed. However, it will be possible to do dosimetry by dose-additive method or comparative method using unirradiated same product in small-scale accident.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2005

Objectives: Much attention has been paid to sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in the elderly because of its high prevalence. It is expected that SAS in the elderly has both similarities and differences compared to SAS in the young or middle-aged populations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics and consequences of SAS in the elderly. Methods: In this study we included 210 young or middle-aged adults between 23 and 59 years (20 women and 190 men) and 65 older adults between 60 and 83 years of age (16 women and 49 men). Respiratory disturbance indices (RDIs) of the study subjects were more than 5 in an overnight polysomnography. They completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Informations about body mass index (BMI), neck, waist, and hip measurements, and blood pressure were obtained. Results: No difference was observed between older adults with SAS (older SAS) and adults aged under 60 with SAS (SAS aged under 60) in RDI, apnea index, % time of oxygen saturation less than 90%, and PSQI. Obstructive apnea index and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were lower in older SAS. Compared to SAS aged under 60, lowest oxygen saturation and central apnea index were higher in older SAS, but they were statistically not significant. BMI and neck circumference were significantly lower in older SAS compared to SAS aged under 60. Diastolic blood pressure was lower in older SAS compared to SAS aged under 60 with no difference in systolic blood pressure. Older SAS showed lower scores in ESS than SAS aged under 60. Significant correlation was observed between RDI and BMI in SAS aged under 60, but not in the case of older SAS. The relationships between RDI and neck circumference, systolic and diastolic pressure, and ESS were similar. Conclusions: The elderly with SAS were not over-weight and there was no relationship between body weight and the severity of SAS. Also, the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of SAS were not marked in the elderly, which might be partly explained by decreased ODI and relatively higher lowest oxygen saturation in older SAS. The normal aging process, aside from increased body weight, might contribute to the development of SAS in the elderly with modest complications.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2007

The present study compared the actigraphic indices between both wrist actigraphies (WATGs), and the sleep estimates between each WATG and nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) to assess their differences and consistencies. We studied 22 right-handed subjects (mean age $43.9{\pm}13.3\;years$, M：F=14：8) with untreated primary sleep disorders (primary insomnia=8, simple snorer=2, obstructive sleep apnea=12) undergone by overnight both WATGs and NPSG, simultaneously. Comparison and correlation were analyzed between right and left wrist actigraphic data. In the sleep estimates of both WATGs and NPSG, each WATG was compared and correlated with NPSG in sleep period time (SPT), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time (WT). Sleep indices between both WATGs showed significant positive correlations with no correlations in SL and fragmentation index (FI). There were no differences in sleep indices between both WATGs. SPTs of both WATGs, SL of left WATG, and TST of right WATG showed positively significant correlations, and SE of right WATG did negatively significant correlation in sleep indices between each WATG and NPSG. As each WATG was compared to PSG, SPTs of both WATGs and WT of right WATG were decreased, and TST and SE of right WATG and SL of left WATG were increased. Inconsistent SL and FI between both WATGs indicate that the activities between both WATGs can differentially happen during wake or arousal. Inconsistent sleep estimates between each WATG and NPSG may indicate the limited usefulness in measuring and analyzing one-night sleep by using WATG.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 1994

Objectives : Multiple lung cancers and/or precancerous lesions can be developed because many bronchi are exposed to carcinogens simultaneously according to the concept of "Field Cancerization". We had performed a careful bronchoscopic examination and analysed the patients of double bronchial lesions who received the separate pathologic evaluation. Methods : We studied 21 patients of double bronchial lesions among 1855 patients of bronchoscopic examination from April 1990 to December 1993 in Korea Cancer Center Hospital. We classified the patients into three groups(double malignancies of different histology, double malignancies of same histology, and combination of malignant and benign lesions) and analysed the histologic type, location, radiologic findings, and clinical parameters. Results : Among 21 patients, six patients had double malignancies of different histology, eight had double malignancies of same histology, and seven had combination of malignant and benign lesions. Out of 14 double malignant cases, 11 cases are considered as synchronous multiple primary lung cancers. Combination of squamous cell carcinomas was found in 5 cases, combination of small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was found in 4 cases. Combination of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and combination of squamous cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma were found in 1 case respectively. All patients of synchtonous multiple primary lung cancers were male and had long smoking history(average 40 pack years). Among 21 cases of double bronchial lesions, only one lesion could be detected by prebronchoscopic radiologic examination including chest CT in 15 cases. Conclusions : The presence of double bronchial lesions including multiple primary lung cancers and the limitation of radiologic examination to detect early bronchial lesions encourage us to examine the whole bronchi carefully and to perform pathologic evaluations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1178-1187
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• 1998

Background : Recently the incidence of tuberculosis is increasing in many countries and control of the disease is further threatened by the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. So rapid detection of drug resistance is very important. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for tuberculosis. Now in Korea, we perform PZase activity test instead of actual pyrazinamide susceptibility test for the detection of PZA resistant M. tuberculosis. Recently the pncA gene, encoding the PZase of M. tuberculosis, was completely sequenced. And it was reported that the mutation of pncA gene would be associated with PZA resistance of M. tuberculosis. Therefore we performed this study to evaluate the possibility for the rapid detection of PZA resistant M. tuberculosis using PCR-SSCP of pncA gene. Method : 44 cultured clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, BCG Tokyo strain. BCG French strain, and one M. bovis isolate were studied. We used H37Rv as the reference strain, The PZase activity test was done at the reference laboratory of Korean Tuberculosis Institute. DNA was extracted by bead-beater method and 561 bp fragment including pncA gene was amplified by PCR. The PCR product were digested by BstB I enzyme. SSCP was done using MDE gel. Of the 44 strains of M. tuberculosis, 22 strains were PZase-positive and other 22 strains were PZase negative. Results : Of the 22 PZase positive strains, 18 strains(82%) showed the same mobility compared with that of H37Rv and 4(18%) showed different mobility. Of the 22 PZase-negative strains, 19(86%) strains showed the same mobility pattern compared with that of H37Rv and 3(14%) showed different mobility. Naturally PZA-resistant BeG-French strain, BCG-Tokyo strain, and one M. bovis isolate showed the same band pattern each other, but their mobility were different from that of H37Rv. The results of PZase activity test and PCR-SSCP of pncA of M. tuberculosis were statistically significantly correlated each other (p<0.01). Conclusion : The PCR-SSCP after BstB I restriction of pncA gene of M. tuberculosis may be a useful method for the rapid detection of PZA-resistant M. tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.374-382
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• 1999

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate etiologic factor, treatment, prognosis of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). Material and Methods: The medical records of 225 cases of SP experienced at Kyungpook University Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The patients were 128 primary SP and 97 secondary SP. The mean age was $30{\pm}15.5$ years in primary SP and $51{\pm}7.4$ years in secondary SP. The ratio of male to female was 8:1 in primary SP and 5.5:1 in secondary SP. Smoker was more common in seconday SP (71.1 %) than primary SP (34.4%). About 70% of patients with primary and secondary SP was underweighted. The previous history of SP was present in 28.9% and 25.8% of primary and secondary SP, respectively. The main underlying lung diseases in secondary SP were inactive tuberculosis (68%), active tuberculosis (12.4%) and COPD (11.3%). Tube thoracostomy was performed in 96.8% and 97.9% of primary and secondary SP, respectively. The duration of chest tube insertion was longer in seconday SP ($18.2{\pm}19.59$ days) than primary SP ($7.5{\pm}6.57$ days). The open thoracotomy were performed in 22.7% and 10.3% of primary and secondary SP, respectively. The most com- mon indication of open thoracotomy was recurrence in primary SP and persistent air leak in secondary SP. During following-up of $17{\pm}7.8$ months, the recurrence rate in patients with conservative treatment was 16.5% and 11.8% of primary and secondary SP, respectively. The recurrence was most common within 1 month after discharge. Conclusion: Greater attention and research about SP are necessary for more efficient patient care.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.747-756
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• 1999

Background: Acid-fast stain and cultures for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are primary and essential method, but have their limitation : low sensitivity and time consuming. The objective of this study is comparison of amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test(MTD) by the conventional AFB smears and cultures in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens. Methods: During the period between November, 1997 and May, 1998 a total of 267 respiratory specimens (sputum 173, bronchial washing 94) from 187 patients suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were subjected to AFB smears, cultures and MID test. MID is based on nucleic acid amplification. We compared the MID with 3% Ogawa culture method. In positive AFB smear and negative MID specimen, positive culture identification between nontuberculous mycobacterium and M.tuberculosis was assesed by using Accuprobe M.tuberculosis complex probe. In negative AFB smear and negative AFB culture, MTD results are assessed by clinical follow-up. Results : 1) Compared with culture in sputum and bronchial fluid specimens, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in positive AFB smear is 79.7% and 20.0%, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in negative AFB smear specimens is 75.0% and 79.7%. 2) Discrepant analysis is assessed by clinical follow-up and other specimen results beyond study. Culture negative but MTD positive specimens were proved to be true positive and gave MTD sensitivity 79.2%, specificity of 84.4%, positive predictive value 80.5% and negative predictive value 83.2%. 3) 14 out of 31 specimens in negative AFB smear, negative AFB culture and positive MTD showed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed on clinical follow-up and sensitivity is 45.2%. 4) 2 out of 13 specimens in positive AFB smear, positive AFB culture and negative MID diagnosed as non tuberculous mycobacterium by Accuprobe culture. Conclusion: This study suggested that MID in respiratory specimens is simple and rapid diagnostic method, but considered adjuvant method rather than replace the conventional AFB smear and culture.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the patients' knowledge and expectation of dental implants and to provide effective consulting and accurate information on implants to them. To that end, between March 23, 2008 and June 5, 2008, patients who were visiting dental clinics (hospitals) in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon areas were surveyed. 84.7% of subjects said that they recognized implants, and the largest number of them (26.7%) of subjects came to know via friends. According to an analysis of subjects' knowledge of the dental implant operation, the maximum value was 4.06, and the minimum value was 3.05. The opinion value on the need to have regular examination after the implant operation was highest at 4.06. Regarding expectation over the implant operation, the maximum value was 4.42, and the minimum value was 1.78. The opinion value on considering the implant operation capability the most important was the highest at 4.42. The relationship between the knowledge of and expectation over implants was significant. By gender, females had a significantly higher level of knowledge than males. Regarding preference, females scored 3.27 points, and males scored 3.23 points. By occupation, professionals earned the highest score of 3.55 in knowledge, and professionals earned the highest score of 3.31 in expectation. According to an analysis of the relation between variables of knowledge of and variables of expectation over implants, the correlation coefficient (r) between the two factors was 0.362, indicating a positive relevancy(+)(p<.01).