• Title/Summary/Keyword: 환원 효과

Search Result 1,192, Processing Time 0.038 seconds

A study on the antioxidant activity of products of caramel-type-browning reaction (Caramel 갈색화 반응 생성물의 항산화성에 관한 연구)

  • 신민자;안명수
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
    • /
    • v.16 no.6
    • /
    • pp.629-639
    • /
    • 2000
  • The study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of products from caramel-type-browning reaction of xylose(XY), glucose(GL), sucrose(SU), glucose + citric acid (GLCA), glucose + sodium citrate(GLSC), glucose + glycine(GLGC) heated at 80, 120 or 140$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. 1. The hydrogen donating ability (HDA) of browning reaction products was generally enhanced as the browning temperature and time increased. The HDAs of the browning reaction products heated at 80$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr were in the order of GLSC (0.387) > GLSC (0.362) > GLCA (0.301) > GL (0.299) > XY (0.290) > SU (0.281). But they were in the order of GLSC (0.543) > SU (0.328) > GL (0.309) > GLGC (0.325) > XY (0.298) > GLCA (0.275) under the condition of heating at 140$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. 2. The antioxidant activities of the anhydrous ethanol extracts of the browning mixtures were inferior to that of TBHQ as measured in com oil, but SU was superior to tocopherol in its antioxidant activity. All the browning mixtures showed antioxidant activities when heated at 80$^{\circ}C$; however, only SU and GLCA showed the activites at 120 or 140$^{\circ}C$. And the antioxidant activity of the SU extract was higher than that of TOCO. The antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts were in the order of TBHQ > GLCA > GLGC > TOCO > SU > XY > GL > GLSC > control at 80$^{\circ}C$, TBHQ > SU > TOCO > GLCA > control > GLSC> XY > GL > GLGC at 120$^{\circ}C$, and TBHQ > SU > TOCO > GLCA > control > GLSC > GLGC > XY > GL at 140$^{\circ}C$.

  • PDF

Comparison of Dietary Carotenoids Metabolism and Effects to Improve the Body Color of Cultured Fresh-water Fishes and Marine Fishes (양식 담수어 및 해산어의 사료 Carotenoids 대사의 비교와 체색개선에 미치는 영향)

  • Ha, Bong-Seuk;Kweon, Moon-Jeong;Park, Mi-Yeon;Baek, Sung-Han;Kim, Soo-Young;Baek, In-Ok;Kang, Seok-Joong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.26 no.2
    • /
    • pp.270-284
    • /
    • 1997
  • Effects of dietary carotenoids were investigated on the metaboβsm and body pigmentation of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri), masu salmon(Oncorhynchus macrostomos), eel(Anguilla japonica), rock fish(Sebastes inermis) and black rock fish(Sebastes schlegeli). Three weeks later after depletion, these fishes were fed diet supplemented with ${\beta}-carotene$, lutein, canthaxanthin', astaxanthin or ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$ for 4 to 5 weeks, respectively. Carotenoids distributed to and changed in integument were analyzed. In the integument of rainbow trout. zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ and canthaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoids, while lutein, isocryptoxanthin and salmoxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of masu salmon, zeaxanthin was found to be the major carotenoids, while triol, lutein, tunaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ and canthaxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of eel, ${\beta}-carotene$ was found to be the major carotenoids, while lutein, zeaxanthin and ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of rock fish, zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, tunaxanthin$(A{\sim}C)$ and lutein were found to be the major carotenoids, while ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$ and astaxanthin were the minor carotenoids. Likely in the integument of black rock fish, ${\beta}-carotene$, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoids, whereas ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, lutein and canthaxanthin were the minor contributor. The efficacy of body pigmentation by the accumulation of carotenoids in the integument of rainbow trout and masu salmon were the most effectively shown in the canthaxanthin group and of eel, rock fish and black rock fish were the most effectively shown in the lutein group. Based on these results in the integument of each fish, dietary carotenoids were presumably biotransformed via oxidative and reductive pathways. In the rainbow trout, ${\beta}-carotene$ was oxidized to astaxanthin via successively isocryptoxanthin, echinenone and canthaxanthin. Lutein was oxidized to canthaxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to ${\beta}-carotene$ via isozeaxanthin, and astaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via triol. In the masu salmon, ${\beta}-carotene$ was oxidized to zeaxanthin. Lutein was reduced to zeaxanthin via tunaxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via ${\beta}-carotene$. and astaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via triol. In the eel, ${\beta}-carotene$ and lutein were directly deposited but canthaxanthin was reduced to ${\beta}-carotene$, and cholesterol lowering effect by Meju supplementation might be resulted from the modulation of fecal axanthin, astaxanthin and ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$ were oxidized and reduced to tunaxanthin via zeaxanthin. In the black roch fish, ${\beta}-carotene$ was oxidized to ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$. Lutein was reduced to ${\beta}-carotene$ via ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$. Canthaxanthin was reduced to ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$ via successively ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ and zeaxanthin. Astaxanthin converted to tunaxanthin via isocryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, and ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$ was reduced to ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$ via ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ and zeaxanthin.

  • PDF

Alkaline and Antioxidant Effects of Bamboo Salt (죽염의 알칼리성 및 항산화 효과)

  • Zhao, Xin;Jung, Ok-Sang;Park, Kun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.41 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1301-1304
    • /
    • 2012
  • Mineral contents of various salts were determined by the ICP-OES method. Bamboo salt (baked 9 times) contained more potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, compared to purified and solar salts. Bamboo salt had a pH of 11.04, higher than those of purified (6.29) and solar (9.13) salts. Contents of [$OH^-$] were measured by using the FT-IR spectra. Bamboo salt exhibited higher reduction potential and contained more OH groups than purified and solar salts. The reduction peak of bamboo salt was observed to be about three times broader than that of solar salt in terms of redox potential amperometry. At a salt concentration of 25%, bamboo salt showed higher radical scavenging activities (81.4%) than solar (5.0%) and purified (2.0%) salts, as evaluated by DPPH assay. Bamboo salt revealed alkaline property, more OH groups and antioxidative activity.

Studies on the Effects of Irrigation Control and Gypsum on the Cd Uptake by Different Species of Rice Plant (수도품종별 중금속(重金屬) 흡수억제(吸收抑制)에 대한 물관리(管理) 및 석고(石膏)의 효과)

  • Kim, J.O.;Ha, Y.L.;Kim, B.J.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.113-118
    • /
    • 1979
  • In the soil treated with irrigation control and gypsum, different species of rice plants, Jin-heung, Aggibare, Tong-il, Mil-yang 23, Noindo, Yugnong-chat, were grown. The content of cadmium, copper and zinc in the brown rice was investigated. Results obtained are as follows : 1) Cadmium Content of brown rice was remarkably reduced under the condition to maintain the reduction than oxidation after ear forming stage, and also the application of gypsum was additional effects to reduce cadmium uptake under reduction condition. Zinc and copper contents in the brown rice was similar to calcium reducing, but their effects of reduction were appeared less than cadmium. 2) The reduced tendency of cadmium uptake under the reduction condition was in the order of Tong-il>Mil-yang23>Aggibare>Yugnong-chal>Noindo>Jin-heung. 3) In the oxidzing condition, Jin-heung uptaked cadmium, copper and zinc more than any other species.

  • PDF

Optimization of Synthesis Condition for Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Immobilization on Granular Activated Carbon (영가철이 고정된 입상활성탄 제조를 위한 최적 합성조건 도출)

  • Hwang, Yuhoon;Mines, Paul D.;Lee, Wontae;Andersen, Henrik R.
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.38 no.9
    • /
    • pp.521-527
    • /
    • 2016
  • Nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) has been intensively studied for the treatment of a plethora of pollutants through reductive reaction, however, the nano size should be of concern when nZVI is considered for water treatment, due to difficulties in recovery. The loss of nZVI causes not only economical loss, but also potential risk to human health and environment. Thus, the immobilization onto coarse or structured support is essential. In this study, two representative processes for nZVI immobilization on granular activated carbon (GAC) were evaluated, and optimized conditions for synthesizing Fe/GAC composite were suggested. Both total iron content and $Fe_0$ content can be significantly affected by preparation processes, therefore, it was important to avoid oxidation during preparation to achieve higher reduction capacity. Synthesis conditions such as reduction time and existence of intermediate drying step were investigated to improve $Fe_0$ content of Fe/GAC composites. The optimal condition was two hours of $NaBH_4$ reduction without intermediate drying process. The prepared Fe/GAC composite showed synergistic effect of the adsorption capability of the GAC and the degradation capability of the nZVI, which make this composite a very effective material for environmental remediation.

Use of Light Emitting Diode for Enhanced Activity of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in Mine Drainage Treatment Process Under Extreme Cold (혹한기 광산배수 처리 공정 내 황산염 환원 박테리아의 활성 증진을 위한 발광다이오드의 이용 제안)

  • Choi, Yoojin;Choi, Yeon Woo;Lee, An-na;Kim, Kyoung-Woong
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
    • /
    • v.50 no.3
    • /
    • pp.251-256
    • /
    • 2017
  • This study presents measures to enhance the efficiency of Successive Alkalinity Producing Systems(SAPS), a natural biological purification method that prevents environmental pollution arising from the release of Acid Mine Drainage(AMD) from abandoned mines into rivers and groundwater. The treatment of AMD using SAPS is based on biological processing technology that mostly involves sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB). It has been proven effective in real-world applications, and has been employed in various projects on the purification of AMD. However, seasonal decrease in temperature leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the process because sulfate-reducing activity is almost non-existent during cold winters and early spring even if SRB is able to survive. Against this backdrop, this study presents measures to enhance the activity of the SRB of the organic layer by integrating light emitting diode(LED)s in SAPS and to maintain the active temperature using LEDs in cold winters. Given that mine drainage facilities are located in areas where power cannot be easily supplied, solar cell modules are proposed as the main power source for LEDs. By conducting further research based on the present study, it will be possible to enhance the efficiency of AMD treatment under extreme cold weather using solar energy and LEDs, which will serve as an environmentally-friendly solution in line with the era of green growth.

Durability Extension of Fe(0) Column with Shewanella Algae BrY on TCE Treatment (Shewanella algae BrY를 이용한 영가철 칼럼의 TCE 처리 수명연장)

  • Chae, Heehun;Bae, Yeunook;Park, Jae-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.41-48
    • /
    • 2007
  • Zevo-valent iron (ZVI) has been widely used in permeable reactive barriers for reducing organic contaminants, such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The rapid reaction time, however, leads to decrease in reactivity and availability of ZVI. Shewanella algae BrY, a strain of dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria, can reduce the oxidized Fe (III) to Fe (II) and reduced Fe (II) can be reused to reduce the contaminant. The effect of Shewanella algae BrY on the reduction of the oxidized ZVI column and further TCE removal in the contaminated groundwater were studied at different flow rates and TCE input concentrations in this study. High input concentration of TCE and flow rate increase the amount of input contaminant and make to lower the effect of reduction by Shewanella algae BrY. Specially, the fast flow rate inhibits the direct contact and implantation on the surface of iron. The reduction of oxidized iron reactive barrier by Shewanella algae BrY can decrease the decreation of duration of PRBs by the precipitation of oxidized iron produced by dechlorination of TCE.

  • PDF

Seasonal Variation of Redox Potential in Jinkwannaedong Ecological Conservation Area (진관내동 생태계보전지역에서 산화환원전위(Redox Potentia)의 월별 변화)

  • Kim, Jae-Geun
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
    • /
    • v.6 no.2
    • /
    • pp.65-71
    • /
    • 2004
  • The most significant effect of excess water in wetlands is the isolation of the soil from the atmosphere and the prevention of O2 from diffusing into soil. The blockage of atmospheric O2 induces biological and chemical processes that change soil from oxidized into reduced state. When dry soil develop into hydric soil, redox potential is dropping. The redox potential is a indicator of hydric soil and affect chemical function of wetlands. To reveal characteristics of wetland soil, redox potential was measured in Jinkwannaedong ecological conservation area from May in 2003 to March in 2004. Redox potentials in May ranged from 5 mV at 25 cm depth to 200 mV at 10 cm depth. It decreased to about -200 m V at all depths and continued until October. In winter, redox potential was slowly increased; it was the highest at 5 cm depth and lowest at 20 cm depth. Annual variations of redox potential in 20 cm depth showed the same pattern at 5 sites; low in growing season and high in non-growing season. This results indicates that soils of study sites are in hydric state and methanogenesis is occurring in Jinkwannaedong ecological conservation area.

  • PDF

Simultaneous Removal of $SO_2$ and NOx Using Ozone Generator and Absorption- Reduction Technique (오존발생장치와 흡수환원법을 이용한 배기가스 동시 탈황 탈질 공정)

  • Mok, Young-Sun;Lee, Joo-Hyuck;Shin, Dong-Nam;Koh, Dong-Jun;Kim, Kyong-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.191-196
    • /
    • 2006
  • The injection of ozone, produced by dielectric barrier discharge, into the exhaust gas gives rise to a rapid oxidation of NO that is the main component of nitrogen oxides($NO_x$) in most practical exhaust gases. Once NO is converted into $NO_2$, it on readily be reduced to $N_2$ in the next step by a reducing agent such as sodium sulfide and sodium sulfite. The reducing agents used ca also remove $SO_2$ effectively, which makes it possible to treat $NO_x\;and\;SO_2$ simultaneously. The present two-step process made up of an ozonizing chamber and an absorber containing a reducing agent solution was able to remove about 95% of the $NO_x$ and 100% of the $SO_2$, initially contained in the simulated exhaust gas. The formation of $H_2S$ from sodium sulfide was prevented by using a strong basic reagent(NaOH) together with the reducing agent. The removal of $NO_x$\;and\;SO_2$ was more effective for $Na_2S$ than $Na_2SO_3$.