• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to explore the meaning of parent participation (PP), to clarify the concept of PP as a benefit to children and their families, and to increase understanding of PP in pediatric nursing practice. Methods: Walker and Avant's approach to concept analysis was used. A search of multidisciplinary literature published between 1994 and 2012 was undertaken using the keyword, 'parent participation' combined with hospitalized children. Attributes, antecedents and consequences were inductively derived from the citations analyzed (n=30). Results: PP was identified as having three attributes: Negotiation, Performing caring activity, Providing individualized care. Antecedents of PP were 'Parents & pediatric nurses' attitudes', 'Children's age', 'Children's conditions'. Consequences of PP were 'Effective partnership', 'Mutual empowerment'. Conclusion: Parent participation as defined by the results of this study should contribute a foundation for theory development in pediatric nursing practice.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2003

Objectives: The object of this study was to compare between perceived stress, coping strategies and quality of life between parents of childhood cancer and normal controls. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses(psychopathology). Coping scale and Smithklein Beecham quality of life scale were used to measure coping strategies and quality of life. Results: Scores of perceived stress related to interpersonal, changes in relationship, sickness or illness, financial, unusual happenings on the GARS scale were significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Scores of the SCL-90-R, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility subscale were also significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Scores of self control and positive reappraisal were significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Parents of childhood cancer scored significantly lower in quality of life than normal controls. Scores of depression were also significantly higher in parents of children diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) than those as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia(ANLL). Conclusions: The results suggest that patients with parents of childhood cancer were likely to have higher levels of perceived stressor and psychopathology and lower quality of life than normal controls.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pediatric nurse parent partnership and factors associated with this partnership. Methods: A survey was conducted with 158 nurses working in pediatric practice at one of 7 hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, and Chungcheongbuk Province. Data were collected from September to December 2013, and analyzed with SPSS Windows 21.0. Results: In hierarchial multiple regression analysis, self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.19, p=.016), clinical decision making (${\beta}$=.15, p=.046), and empowerment (${\beta}$=.29, p=.001) were associated with pediatric nurse parent partnership, after adjusting for marital status, children, education, position and satisfaction with work unit. These factors accounted for 44.0% of the variance in the pediatric nurse parent relationship. Conclusion: These results suggest that pediatric nurse parent partnership could be influenced by the predictors. Ultimately, intervention programs focusing on these factors should be effective in helping pediatric nurses improve partnership with parents.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of clinical and psychological factors on the parental stress of children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods : Children and adolescents with epilepsy (n=90, age range=6-17 years) completed questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, children's depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI), children's anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS) and performed the scale for children's intelligence (IQ). Parents who have children and adolescents with epilepsy completed questionnaires on parental stress (Questionnaire on Resources and stress, QRS), parental anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), children's attention problems (Abbreviated Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised, CPRS), and children's behavioral problems (Korean Child Behavior Checklist, K-CBCL). Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictive variables that affect parental stress. Results : In the correlational analysis, duration of seizure treatment (r=0.253, p=0.016), children's IQ (r=-0.544, p<0.001), children's attention problems (r=0.602, p<0.001), children's depressive symptoms (r=0.335, p=0.002), children's anxiety (r=0.306, p=0.004), children's behavioral problems (r=0.618, p<0.001), and parental anxiety (r=0.478, p<0.001), showed a significant correlation with parental stress. Children's behavioral problem (β=0.241, p=0.010), children's IQ (β=-0.472, p<0.001), and parental anxiety (β=0.426, p<0.001) were significantly related to the parental stress (Adjusted R²=0.619). Conclusions : Clinicians should pay attention to children's intelligence and behavioral problems and parental anxiety, which affect parental stress with children and adolescents with epilepsy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2013

Purpose: To provide basic data to improve the practice environment of pediatric nurses by identifying their recognition of nursing professionalism and self-efficacy, and to examine the pediatric nurse parent partnership. Methods: Participants in the study were 165 nurses with 6 months of work experience in a university children's hospital in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Research tools measuring nursing professionalism, self-efficacy, and pediatric nurse parent partnership were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS PASW statistics 19.0. Results: There were statistically significant positive correlations for nursing professionalism and self-efficacy (r=.359, p<.001), nursing professionalism and the pediatric nurse parent partnership (r=.487, p<.001), and self-efficacy and the pediatric nurse parent partnership (r=.442, p<.001).According to the general characteristics of the participants, nurses who were married, practiced religion and had children tended to have higher nursing professionalism. Higher self-efficacy was exhibited by nurses who were older, married and raising children and the pediatric nurse parent partnership tended to have higher scores for nurses who practiced religion and worked in a general ward. Conclusion: The findings indicate that higher nursing professionalism and self-efficacy result in a better pediatric nurse parent partnership which should improve the practice environment of pediatric patients.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.264-271
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• 2007

Purpose : It is important to take a precise history of patients to diagnose enuresis. However, this is difficult to perform in the outpatient department, because the consultation time is limited. So by taking the medical histories with questionnaires, we classified the enuresis patients into monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic groups and compared the clinical characteristics between the two groups in order to determine whether this would aid in the diagnosis and treatment of enuresis. Methods : Thirty-four enuresis patients seen in the Department of Pediatrics at Yeungnam University Hospital from 2004 January to 2005 July were enrolled in this study. Two to three weeks before starting medical treatment, questionnaires about the patients' urination habits and past medical history were taken from the Parents with consents. Results : There were 21 patients in the monosymptomatic group and 13 patients in the non-monosymptomatic group. There was no difference in the delivery mode, birth weight, birth order, sleep habit, constipation, and treatment results between the two groups. Urinary infection was more frequently observed in the non-monosymptomatic group. There was a higher incidence of daytime incontinence and a past medical history of allergy in the non-monosymptomatic group. Oriental medicine was the most common treatment of enuresis before visiting the hospital, but the treatment effect was minimal. Conclusion : Comparison between the monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic group with the questionnaires was helpful for detailed diagnosis and treatment of enuresis. A more effective education for enuresis patients is needed, since before visiting the hospital many of them wasted their efforts with ineffective oriental medicine treatment. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2007;11:264-271)

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-155
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the influence of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and nurse-parent partnership on the nursing competency of pediatric nurses. Methods: This study recruited 114 pediatric nurses working in one tertiary general hospital and two general hospitals in the city. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from August 26 to September 16, 2019, and were analyzed using the statistical package IBM SPSS 22.0. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, nurse-parent partnership, and nursing competency. The nursing competency of these nurses was affected by significant predictors such as emotional intelligence, nurse-parent partnership, work duration in pediatrics, and self-efficacy. These variables explained 60.6% of nursing competency of pediatric nurses. Conclusion: To improve the nursing competency of pediatric nurses, we should develop an intervention that can enhance the nurses' emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and nurse-parent partnership. Furthermore, greater consideration of nursing careers is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

Objectives：This study was conducted to investigate the degree of psychopathologies of the family members of children with chronic convulsive disorder and evaluate the structures and dynamics of those families. Methods：The participant patients and family members were recruited from the population attending the outpatient clinic of department of pediatric neurology in Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. All the patients had idiopathic chronic convulsive disorder. Any patient with mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder and gross brain pathology was excluded. As controls, normal students were chosen and their sex, age, achievement, socioeconomic status were matched to patients. The author interviewed the children and their family members twice and obtained informations about patient-parent relationship, patient-sibling relationship and others. For in-depth evaluation, we used family environment scales(FES), symptom Checklist-90-revised(SCL-90-R), self administered dependency questionnaire for mother(SADQ). Results：After interviewing with the parents of epileptic children, overprotection of parents, hostile feeling of siblings toward index children were higher than controls. The parental conflict was also more expressed than control families. According to results from FES, the scores of the subscales of expression, achievement-orientation, intelligence-orientation and active recreation were significantly lower than control group. The epileptic children showed higher dependency to parents especially in affection, communication and traveling areas of SADQ than control group. Maternal psychopathologies evaluated by SCL-90-R were much higher than the mothers of controls. According to T scores of SCL-90-R, about 40% of mothers with epileptic children had the risk of clinically significant depressive or anxiety disorders. Conclusion：These results suggested that the family members of epileptic children had more relationship problems and psychopathologies than control group and some mothers might have clinically significant depressive or anxiety disorders. so, effective psychiatric family interventions are needed for resolution of conflict and psychopathologies of family members.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

목적 : 본 연구를 통하여 아토피 피부염 환아의 한약치료 후 임상 효능, 안전성을 평가하고, 나아가 효능과 안전성을 종합적으로 평가함으로써 아토피 피부염에 대한 한약치료의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 방법 : 경희대학교 한의과대학 부속한방병원 한방소아과에 내원한 아토피 피부염 환아 39명의 한약치료 전후의 의무기록을 검토하였다. 아토피피부염 치료에 대한 한약의 효능을 평가하기 위하여 치료 후 아토피 피부염의 개선정도에 대한 부모의 평가를 VAS를 사용하여 분석하였다. 아토피 피부염에 패한 한약치료 후 안정성의 평가를 위하여 치료 전후 혈중 AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine 변화를 검토하여 한약치료의 간신독성 여부에 대해 조사하였고, 보호자에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 한약치료 후 발생한 부작용 및 불편한 증상의 종류 및 정도를 평가하였다. 나아가 한약의 효능 및 안정성을 종합적으로 평가하여 아토피 피부염에 대한 한약 치료의 유용성을 분석하였다. 결과 및 결론 : 환아 39명 중 27명 (69%)의 부모가 한약치료가 아토피 피부염의 개선에 효과가 있다고 보고하였다. 안정성의 평가에 있어서, 39명의 환자에게서 한약 치료 후 간장과 신장에 미치는 독성이 발견되지 않았다. 2명의 환아가 일시적이고 경미한 복부 불쾌감을 호소하였으나, 한약투여와의 관련성은 관찰되지 않았다. 1명의 환아에서 경미한 복통이 발견되었으나, 의학적 치료 없이 증상은 소실되었으며, 치료 과정의 중단 없이 계획되었던 모든 치료 과정을 종료하였다. 치료 후 상기 환아는 아토피 피부염의 증상 개선 뿐 아니라 변비증상의 완화, 만성적 어지러움의 개선 등 제반 신체 조건의 호전을 보고 하였다. 임상적 효능과 안전성을 종합적으로 고려할 때, 환아 39명 중 27명 (69%)의 사례에서 한약치료가 아토피 피부염의 유용한 치료수단으로 평가되었다. 이를 근거로 한약치료가 아토피 피부염에 대하여 안전성을 가진 유용한 치료방법이라 사료되며, 향후 임상적 효능과 안전성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 대규모의 임상연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.160-175
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the parental marital relationships and the parent-child relationships of child psychiatric parents and its control group. This study was carried out two questionnaire instruments ; The marital satisfaction inventory(MSI) and the dyadic adjustment scale(DAS). The subjects are parents of the child psychiatric patients. A matched control group and parents of child psychiatric parents in Seoul area which were collected from July 1987 to September 1987, and classified into five subgroups : 1 Psychiatric disorder 2) Neurotic disorder 3) Tic disorder 4) Autistic disorder 5) Mental retardation. The results are as following ; 1) M.S.I scale scores of parents of patients group are lower than that of control group. 2) D.A.S scale score of parents of patients group is significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01). 3) The global distress scale(GDS) of the M.S.I. was most positively correlated with affective communication(AFC) and problem-sloving communication(PSC). 4) Female shoed more modern concept of role identification than male but tend to have heavier role assignment especially in child rearing practices which could be characterized by maternal domination. 5) Affective communication and sexual relationship between married couple and child rearing practices are influenced by their own family history of distress. 6) The marital global distress scale(GDS) score was highest in the parents of psychosis, the next in the parents of neurosis, autism, mental retardation, and tic disorder in descending order of severity. 7) The dyadic maladjustment score was highest in the parents of psychosis, the next in the parents of neurosis, tic, autism and mental retardation in descending order of severity. 8) Conflict in child rearing and parenting problems were particularly prominent in parents of the tic patients, and their marital relationship was not significantly disturbed. The above finding suggested that couple adjustment and marital dissatisfaction were closely related with child rearing problems and the children's disorder. So marital dissatisfaction and marital maladjustment seem to play a significant role in the genesis of psychosis and neurosis not much in autism and mental retardation.