• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2010

2009년 7월 23일-24일 양일간의 APEC MTF 컨퍼런스는 APEC 회원 경제가 아시아-태평양지역에서 광업부문의 지속가능한 발전의 주제를 토의할 기회를 제공했다. 본 컨퍼런스는 APEC의 광업부문의 지속가능한 발전이라는 프로젝트의 중요 부분이며 컨퍼런스의 활발한 참여는 프로젝트의 성공을 증진시켰다. 지속가능한 발전에 대한 안건이 수년간 APEC의 핵심부분이었으며, 특히 광업장관(MRM)회의에 상정되어 왔다. 2004년 6월 칠레 안토파가스타의 제1차 회의에서, 광업장관들은 APEC 지역에서 광업 및 금속산업의 지속가능한 발전은 부를 창출하고, 환경사업을 창출하며, 사회적으로 책임있는 발전을 도모하며 사회를 위한 향상된 가치를 만들어낸다는데 동의했다. 초기의 action item들 중에서 지속가능한 발전에 있어서 광물 및 금속의 기여를 규명하는 것도 있었다. 광업에 있어서 지속가능한 발전에 대한 안건의 토의는 2005년 10월 한국의 경주 제2차 APEC MRM 회의에서 속계되었다. 관련된 action task는 채광 후 토지운영 뿐만 아니라 에너지 효율기술, 광업 오염 통제 기술과 같은 환경친화적인 채광기술에 대한 정보교환 및 협조를 독려하는 것이었다. 2007년 호주 퍼스의 제3차 회의에서 APEC MRM 회의는 특히 지구화의 시대에 APEC 지역 광물자원의 지속가능한 발전에 대한 긴밀한 지역적 협조에 대한 필요성을 인지하고 있다. 장관들은 역시 광업부문에서 지속가능한 발전에 대한 APEC 위상을 정립하기 위한 작업을 주도하기로 했으며 APEC 경제의 공통관심사를 UNCSD에 반영키 위한 자료제공을 하기로 결정했다. APEC 광업분야의 지속 가능한 개발에 관한 APEC MTF회의는 호주, 캐나다, 칠레, 중국, 인도네시아, 일본, 말레이시아, 파푸아 뉴기니, 페루, 필리핀, 한국, 러시아, 싱가포르, 타이완, 태국, 미국, 베트남에서 자신들의 지속 가능한 개발을 위한 활동에 관한 발표나 의견을 제시하였다. 세계 은행이나 AIM에서도 발표를 하였다. 중요한 소주제들은 다음과 같다. $\cdot$ APEC MTF가 APEC 광업분야의 지속 가능한 발전을 추구하는데 있어 적절한 포럼이라는 것 $\cdot$ 기업들이 사회적 책임(CSR)을 성실히 이행할 필요가 있다는 것 $\cdot$ 수자원과 인적자원의 부족을 다룰 필요가 있다는 것 $\cdot$ 적절한 광산 복구가 필요하다는 것이다. 한국은 "광업분야의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 환경과 광업간의 균형"이라는 프로젝트 아이디어를 제안했다. 인도네시아와 말레이시아는 한국측 프로젝트 수행의 중요성을 강조했다. 러시아 연방은 "광업에 있어 투자 활성화"라는 프로젝트 아이디어를 제안했다. 이 관점에서 MTF는 APEC 투자전문가 그룹과의 협력을 지지했으며 이 포럼간 활동을 활성화시키기 위하여 APEC 사무국에 요청했다. 이 프로젝트는 세계 광업분야의 투자를 증진시키는 최적관행 분석에 따라 제안될 것이고 수행될 것이다. 말레이시아는 광업 및 광업 산업의 지속가능한 발전지시자를 위한 역량구축 프로젝트를 제안했다. 태국은 말레이시아의 제안을 지지했으며 공동프로젝트를 제안했다.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2014

Pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain was evaluated against Morophagoides moriutii larvae. In Petridish tests, insect mortality by the nematode was dose dependent, which increased with dose from 5 to 160 infective juveniles(IJs)/larva. Pathogenicity against fourth-instar larvae was higher than the rate of corresponding second- and third-instar larvae, showing 100% insect mortality with the dose of 40 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larva and 80 IJs/$2^{nd}$ or $3^{rd}$ instar larvae. Lethal concentration values at 50% ($LC_{50}$) of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain were 4.2 IJs/$2^{nd}$ instar larva; 8.5 IJs/$3^{rd}$ instar larva; and 2.3 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larva, respectively. The number of nematodes established in M. moriutii larvae after infection increased in the increment of dose and insect developmental stage. The highest number of nematodes was harvested from fourth instar larvae of M. moriutii at a dose of 160 IJs per larva, showing 22.5 nematodes per insect larva. Nematode reproductive capacity was related to insect developmental stage, showing 6,335 IJs/$2^{nd}$ instar larva, 21,660 IJs/$3^{rd}$ instar larvae, and 88,700 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larvae.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.495-505
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• 2006

IT기술기반 교육시스템은 인터넷 등장 이전에도 가능성을 인정받아 지속적으로 개발되어 온 분야이며, 교육공학과의 연계로 지식 전날의 이론체계로 각광을 받고 있다. 사이버교유도 인터넷이전부터 다양한 통신방법을 응용하여 개발되었고, 최근 인터넷을 통하여 사이버 교육시스템은 완벽한 기술기반을 갖추게 되였다. 그러나 IT기술의 급격한 변화로 사이버교육시스템은 계속하여 신기술 변화에 적용해야만 한다. 현재 정보통신기술의 변화는 방송 통신망의 융합, 브로드 밴드 네트워킹, 스마트 디바이스의 다양화, 멀티미디어 기술의 고도화로 요약된다. 이 기술의 종합한 작용으로 유비쿼터스 사회의 기반으로 진화되고 있다. 그래서 e-Learning 분야도 기존 인터넷기반 시스템과는 달리 차세대 온라인교육시스템으로 친화되고 있다. IT융합가술 기반의 온라인 교육시스템은 각종 국제표준단체에서 표준안이 제시되고 있다. e-Learning 시스템이란 선기술 기반을 반영한 표준기술을 사용하는 온라인교육시스템을 포괄하는 개념이다. 본 연구에서는 e-Learning 시스템과 유비쿼터스 기술을 반영한 e-Learning을 비교하였다. 그리고 u-Learning 시스템의 기술정립과 EOD(Education On Demand) 시스템에 대하여 연구하였다. 1. u-Learning 정의 정보산업분야를 비롯한 문화, 교육 등 모든 분야에서 유비퀴터스라는 수식어가 붙어 다니고 있다. e- Learning 교육 업계에 따르면 10년 후에는 유비쿼터스는 대중화가 될 것이며, 부가가치 규모는 100조 원에 이를 것으로 추정된다. 그래서 교육산업도 주변 환경이 아날로그 방식에서 IT 기반에 의한 디지털 환경으로 변화되고 있다. 또한 e러닝, T러닝, m러닝, u러닝 등의 용어가 생성되고 있다.키지에어컨에서 사용되고 있는 밀폐형 압축기에 대해서 그림 2에서 나타내고 있는 냉방능력 10tons(120,000Btu/h) 이하를 중심으로 상기의 최근 기술 동향을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.질표준의 지표성분으로 간주되는 진세노사이드의 절대함량과 그 성분조성 차이에 따른 임상효과의 차별성이 있는지에 대한 검토와, 특히 최근 실험적으로 밝혀지고 있는 사포닌 성분의 장내 세균에 의한 생물전환체의 인체 실험을 통한 효과 검정이 필요하다. 나아가서는 적정 복용량의 설정과 이와 관련되는 생체내 동태 및 생체이용율(bioavilability)에 관한 정보가 거의 없으므로 이것도 금후 검토해야 할 과제로 사료된다. 인삼은 전통약물로서 오랜 역사성과 그동안의 연구결과에 의한 과학성을 가지고 있으므로 건강유지와 병의 예방 및 회복촉진을 위한 보조요법제 또는 기능성 식품으로써의 유용성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 인삼의 활용성 증대를 위해서는 보다 과학적인 임상평가에 의한 안전성 및 유효성 입증과 제품의 엄격한 품질관리의 필요성이 더욱 강조되어야 할 것이다.xyl radical 생성 억제 효과를 보여 주었다. 본 실험을 통하여 BHT 를 제외하고 전반적으로 세포 수준에서의 oxidative stress 에 대한 억제 효과를 확인해 볼 수 있었으며 특히 수용성 항산화제들에서 두드러진 효과를 보여 주었다. 제공하여 내수기반 확충에도 노력해야 할 것 이다.있었다., 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$<

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.895-902
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• 2014

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has played important role as new functional material for food industry and industrial products based on its unique properties. The interest in BC from static cultures has increased steadily in recent years because of its potential for use in medicine and cosmetics. In this study, we investigated culture condition for BC production by Acetobacter sp. F15 in static culture. The strain F15, which was isolated from decayed fruit, was selected on the basis of BC thickness. The optimal medium compositions for BC production were glucose 7%, soytone 12%, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.2%, $NaH_2PO_4{\cdot}_2H_2O$ 0.2%, lactic acid 0.05% and ethanol 0.3%, respectively. The strain F15 was able to produce BC at $26^{\circ}C-36^{\circ}C$ with a maximum at $32^{\circ}C$. BC production occurred at pH 4.5-8 with a maximum at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, a maximum BC thickness of 12.15 mm was achieved after 9 days of cultivation; this value was about 2.3-fold higher than the thickness in basic medium. Scanning electron micrographs showed that BC from the optimal medium was more compact than plant cellulose and was reticulated structure consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibrils. BC from the optimal medium was found to be of cellulose type I, the same as typical native cellulose.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2003

The chemical properties of oak tree wood vinegar and the effect of wood vinegar on the tomato seedling were investigated to apply wood vinegar efficiently to the organic - and natural farming system. On the basis of the results from chemical properties of the oak tree wood vinegar, mineral nutrient contents of wood vinegar was low. Therefore, wood vinegar could not be a suitable nutrient source for the plant growth at 500∼1000 times dilution level. which commonly used in the farming, if only wood vinegar is supplied for the nutrient source for the plant growth. The application of wood vinegar increased root growth up the 500 times dilution level while decreased shoot growth. Furthermore. the anion concentrations such as nitrate and phosphate of the plant were decreased by the application of wood vinegar while cation concentrations such as K. Ca. and Mg were increased. Phenolic compounds of wood vinegar such as chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid enhanced the root growth. Interestingly the application of ferulic acid increased both root and shoot growth at the level of 10$^{-4}$ M concentration. It indicated that the effect of wood vinegar on the production of healthy plant seedling may be due to the beneficial root growth by phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid and/or ferulic acid of the wood vinegar. However. the effect of the wood vinegar on the plant growth could be influenced by synergism or antagonism of different phenolic compounds in wood vinegar used. In addition. drench in the soil of wood vinegar may be more beneficial compared to foliar application for the improvement of root activity and plant growth.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.23-52
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• 2015

Purpose This study aims to understand the role of digital knowledge in accepting the green technology. This study combined digital option theory with the second version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). Contrary to other studies in which the UTAUT2 is used to explain IT adoption behavior, we look at the relationship between IT and the UTAUT2 from a new angle, incorporating an important aspect of IT, that is, digitized knowledge richness, as a determinant of the UTAUT2. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in the UTAUT2, a content analysis was conducted to investigate novel constructs dedicated to explaining green technology adoption. In this study, an amended version of the UTAUT2 specific to green technology is offered that better explains the green technology adoption behavior of consumers. Using the items identified by content analysis, we developed a questionnaire with 36 survey items. We measured all the items on a seven-point Likert-type scale. We randomly selected 402 survey respondents from a set of panel data. After a pilot study, we analyzed the main survey data by using PLS 2.0M3 and SPSS 20.0, and employed structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. Findings The results suggest that the UTAUT2 was found to be extendable to technologies other than conventional IT. Social influence is more significant than conventional utilitarian and hedonic-based constructs such as those utilized in the UTAUT and UTAUT2 in explaining adoption behavior in the context of green technologies. The hypothesized connection between digitized knowledge richness and adoption intention was supported by the results of studies on the role of IT in formation of attitudes toward eco-friendly production. The results also indicate that digital knowledge can also encourage people to try green technology when they learn that their peers are already using the technology successfully.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1999

Nutrient balance during rice cultivation in the paddy of a local area under the environmental protection for drinking water supply was investigated. To compare nutrient balance in the paddy soil applied with different types of fertilization, 7 treatments were selected as followings : Recommended level of chemical fertilizers(R), Conventional fertilization(CF), Fresh cow manure(FCM), Cow manure compost(CMC), Straw compost+reduced chemical fertilizer(SCF), Fresh straw+recommended level of fertilizers(FSC), and no fertilization as control(C). Here, FCM, CMC and SCF were applied at the same level of total nitrogen as recommended in R. Rice yield was the highest in the recommendation(R) and fresh cow manure (FCM) treatments with $6,730kg\;ha^{-1}$(index 100), and followed by SCF (index 98), FSC (index 98), CMC(index 94), and CF(index 94). But statistically significant difference was not recognized among treatments except the control. Nitrogen infiltration loss was high in the simple chemical fertilizer treatments with $63kg\;ha^{-1}$ in CF and $58kg\;ha^{-1}$ in R during rice cultivation, respectively. Nitrogen infiltration loss was decreased below half level of chemical fertilizer treatments with cow manure treatments ($23kg\;ha^{-1}$ in FCM and $27kg\;ha^{-1}$ in CMC) and with reducing chemical fertilizer treatment by adding straw compost ($25kg\;ha^{-1}$). Phosphate was not leached during rice cultivation in paddy soil of a fluvial deposit type, in which oxidation horizon was developed broadly under around 15 cm depth of surface soil. Phosphate balance (A-B) was closed to 0 in all treatments except cow manure treatment (CMC), in which it was $+30kg\;ha^{-1}$ and show the possibility of over accumulation of phosphate by continuously replicated application of cow manure compost. Potassium balance was negative value in all but straw recycling treatment (FSC). It means that potassium was continuously supplied from soil minerals, uptaken by plants or eluted out of soil. In conclusion, by substituting inorganic fertilizer for organic fertilizer or reducing application rate of chemical fertilizer through mixing organic fertilizer, it would be possible to achieve the same rice yield as in the recommendation treatment and to decrease nutrient leaching below half level in rice paddy soil.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2023

There are many different types of cultivation in tomatoes for year-round production. One of them, semi-forcing cultivation is characterized by growing seedlings in winter season. If grafted seedlings are used in winter season that energy cost can be reduced, because they have tolerance to cold stress. This study was conducted to analyze the rootstock performance by measuring the growth, yield, and leaf-macronutrient content of cherry tomatoes grown in semi-forcing hydroponics. Three domestic rootstocks 'HSF4', '21LM', '21A701', and a control cultivar 'B-blocking' were grafted onto jujube-shaped cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) commercial cultivar 'Nonari'. The total yield per plant with grafted cherry tomato '21A701' was 3,387g, which was 11%, 22% and 24% higher than the yield with 'B-blocking', non-grafted one and 'HSF4'. The stem diameter of '21A701' was thick with 8.26mm, whereas non-grafted one was thin with 7.23mm at 160 days after transplanting. The flowering position of '21LM' was 34% and 47% higher than the flowering position of 'B-blocking' and non-grafted one at 153 days after transplanting. The NO₃-N concentration in petiole sap of '21LM' was the highest with 1,746mg·L^-1 and non-grafted one and 'HSF4' were the lowest with 1,252mg·L^-1 and 1,245mg·L^-1 at 167 days after transplanting. The results indicated that rootstock/scion combinations in cherry tomatoes can affect the plant growth, yield, and the concentration of different NO₃-N in leaves at the late growth stage. Both '21A701' and '21LM' have vigorous root system, which influence the growth and yield increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2005

Nutrients are built up in paddy soils after greenhouse vegetable cultivations with relatively high rates of chemical fertilizers and composts during winter season, and the continuous nutrient accumulation is problematic in crop cultivation. Rice cultivation after greenhouse vegetables is one option for removing the accumulated nutrients in the soils. The object of this experiment was to examine the effect of reduced fertilization to rice on the removal of accumulated soil nutrients and rice yield in greenhouse vegetables and rice cropping system. Experiments were carried out at Changwon and Uiryeong in Gyeongnam province in 2001. The cropping systems were watermelon-rice and pumpkin-watermelon-watermelon-rice in Changwon and Uiryeong, respectively. The soils were Gangseo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aquic Fluventic Eutrochrepts) at Changwon and Hampyeong series (fine loamy, mixed, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts) at Uiryeong. Treatments of conventional fertilization ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=11-4.5-5.7$, $kg\;10a^{-1}$), no basal fertilization, no top dressing, and no fertilization were included in the experiments. Plant growth and total nitrogen content in the plant were greater as the amount of fertilizer applied were increased. Whereas $SiO_2/T-N$ rate in rice plant and nitrogen use efficiency were greater as the amount of fertilizer applied were reduced. Rice yields were not significantly different among the treatments of conventional, no top-dressed, and no-basal fertilization in Uiryeong, and the rice yields were significantly also not different between the treatments of conventional and no top-dressed in Changwon. The removal of salts in soils after rice cultivation was the highest at the treatment of no-basal fertilization in both of the sites. Therefore, reduced fertilization for rice cultivation after greenhouse vegetables could remove salts accumulated in paddy soils without any significant reducing of rice yield.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2009

This study was initiated to evaluate the K leaching potential in the green soils and K uptake by the turfgrass in the golf course using the K fertilizers. The turfgrass, Floradwarf bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon L. $P_{ERS}$.) was planted and grown in the mixture of sand and peat moss in this lysimeter study. Eight representative K fertilizers, such as, monopotassium phosphate (MKP), KCL, $K_2SO_4$, $KNO_3$, CKCl, $CK_2SO_4$, $CKNO_3$, and 0-20-20(liquid) were used in this study. Based on the total K quantity of leachate collected during the whole 12 weeks, 0-20-20 is the K fertilizers the most contributing to the leaching of K, then MKP, the second, KCL, the third, and finally $KNO_3$ are K fertilizers contributing to the K leaching. However, most amount of K applied and collected in the lysimeter were leached during the first period of two and four weeks, compared to that of K leached during the second period of six, eight, ten, and twelve weeks. Application of CKCL and $CK_2SO_4$ producted the largest amount of total dry matter, then MKP and KCL, $KNO_3$ and $CKNO_3$, 0-20-20 in second group. However, except $K_2SO_4$, most K fertilizer sources such as MKP, KCL, $KNO_3$, CKCL, $CK_2SO_4$, $CKNO_3$, 0-20-20 showed the largest amount of K uptake, except $K_2SO_4$. Therefore, based on the K leaching, dry matter production, and plant K uptake, it appears that the coated fertilizers, CKCL, $CKNO_3$, and $CK_2SO_4$ are the environmentally sound fertilizers recommended in the turfgrass green soil of golf course.