• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2019

Ethyl formate (EF) is a rapid kill, environmentally safe, and low mammalian toxicity fumigant, registered to disinfest quarantine insect pests from imported agricultural products. A new concept for controlling insect pests of agricultural crops was tested in a fumigation chamber with EF. Control efficacy of and phyto-toxicity due to EF fumigation were evaluated against four pests (Thrips palmi, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, and Tetranychus urticae) and on seedlings of four fruit vegetables (FVs; yellow melon, cucumber, tomato, and pepper). Ethyl formate fumigation at a dose of 1.5 g m^-3 for 12 h produced >93.3% mortality in T. palmi, B. tabaci, and M. persicae. However, T. urticae was tolerant to fumigation, showing only 20% mortality at 2.0 g m^-3. In terms of concentration × time (CT) products, at least 8.9 g·h m^-3 CT at 20 ± 1.5℃ was needed to achieve > 90% mortality against the three susceptible insect pests. Fumigation at 1.5 g m^-3 for 12 h caused no phyto-toxicity to any of the four FV seedlings. Ethyl formate application, as a new disinfestation method in greenhouses, could be an alternative to reduce the use of conventional insecticides. However, further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this method at different pest developmental stages and in different greenhouse environments. Additionally, research is needed to elucidate the phyto-toxicity of EF application at different growing stages of a wide variety of crops.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2016

The Bunam Stock ($29.5km^2$ area) is an outcrop of plutonic complex classified four facies: coarse-grained granite, quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and fine-grained granite. Three facies except the last one exhibit very irregular boundaries with gradational compositional variations between both facies and show concentric zoning from the central quartz monzodiorite through granodiorite to outer coarse-grained granite. Mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) commonly occur in granodiorite. Some MMEs, have very fine-grained chilled margins and indentedly crenulate contacts, and display horizontally circular and vertically elongate shapes. Their shape and granularity indicate coeval flow and mingling of partly crystalline felsic and mafic magmas. MMEs exhibit dark fine-grained margins giving them a ellipsoidal form that has been attributed to undercooling of a mafic magma as blobs intruded into a felsic magma. The observed relations in the Bunam Stock identify that two endmembers are coarse-grained granite from a felsic magma and quartz monzodiorite from a mafic magma, and hybrid is granodiorite including MMEs. So they exhibit concentric zoning that lays the center on the mafic endmember due to magma mixing at the contacts of two magmas, when mafic magma injected into felsic magma. Thus the quartz monzodiorite may probably represent an ancient conduit of mafic magma transport through a granitic magma chamber. Mafic magma would rise through the conduit in which favorable conditions for magma mixing occurred. All these features suggest that they formed from mixing processes of calc-alkaline magma in the Bunam Stock.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1202-1207
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• 2003

Using a recently developed Hybric Plasma-Particle Accelerating Impact Deposition (HP-PAID) process, synthesis of nanostructured silicon coatings has been investigated by injecting vapor-phase TEOS (tetraethosysilane, (C$_2$H$\_$5/O)$_4$Si) into an Ar hybrid plasma. The plasma jet with reactants was expanded through nozzle into a deposition chamber, with the pressure dropping from 700 to 10 torr. Ultrafine particles accelerated in the free jet downstream of the nozzle, deposited by an inertial impaction onto a temperature controlled substrate. By using this process, nanostructured amorphous silicon coatings with grain size smaller than 10 nm could be synthesized. These samples were annealed in an Ar and crystallized at 900$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. TEM analysis showed that the annealed coatings were also composed of nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm, which showed a good consistency that the average grain size of 7 nm was also estimated from a peak shift of 2.39 cm$\^$-1/ and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) 5.92 cm$\^$-1/ of Raman analysis. The noteworthy is that a strong PL peak at 398 nm was also obtained for this sample, which indicates that the deposited coatings also contained 3∼4 nm nanostructured grains.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

In this study, $CO_2$ adsorbent was developed for removing low concentration of $CO_2$ in multiple-use facilities. The efficiency of the adsorbent which was improved selective $CO_2$ adsorption capabilities was evaluated. The pellet type adsorbent was modified from a commercial zeolite with mixing LiOH, binder, additives, and $H_2O$. Column tests showed over 90 % of $CO_2$ was adsorbed within 400min. Chamber tests including batch and continuous types were performed for evaluating the adsorbent module. By batch tests, it was evaluated that about 92% of $CO_2$ was removed within 30 min. By continuous tests, 70% of $CO_2$ was removed within 30 min. It was analyzed that over 2,500 ppm of $CO_2$ was continuously removed as shown chamber tests. The reproducibility tests repeatedly performed for 15 days shows that over 1,000 ppm of $CO_2$ was continuously removed. Adsorption capacity of the developed adsorbent was 5.0mmol $CO_2/g$ adsorbent which was analyzed by TGA. It was estimated that the modified adsorbent was applicable to low $CO_2$ concentration and low temperature of indoor environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.499-504
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• 2017

A Mobile Radio Wave Measurement System (MRWMS)is a vehicle-mounted system designed to be operating in a single mission. The mission characteristic for mobile measurement requires mobility. For this, we must consider the arrangement and embedded method of MRWMS's antennas. In this paper, we described the measurement method design of direction detecting accuracy for MRWMS and designed the direction finding antenna mast capable of rotating itself by using a slip ring without turntable for Direction Finding (DF) accuracy test. As we removed the dependency of a limited local area by designing a measurement method of direction detecting accuracy, Equipment Under Test (EUT) zero-Adjustment and mounted process shortened. So, we the reduced production costs. We expect an improved cable loss value by shortening the RF cable length in accordance with our design. In addition, due to the same phenomenon, the entire system is lighter and the mobility is improved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.743-746
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• 2001

자바는 객체지향 언어이고, 한번 작성된 프로그램은 자바 가상 기계가 있는 모든 곳에서 수정없이 실행될 수 있기 때문에 소프트웨어의 개발과 유지 보수에 많은 장점을 가진 언어이다. 이러한 특징으로 인하여 개발되는 제품들이 자바로 구현되는 경우가 많다. 그러나 아직 대다수 소프트웨어 개발자들은 주로 C 언어나 C++ 언어를 사용하고 있으며, 최근에는 C#이라는 언어를 사용하고 있다. 자바가 플랫폼에 독립적인 장점은 가지고 있지만, 다수의 개발자 및 사용자가 마이크로소프트 윈도우 운영체제를 사용하고 있다는 것을 감안한다면 그리 탁월한 장점만은 될 수 없다. 또한, 최근의 개발동향이 COM(Component Object Model)을 지향하고 있고, 이는 더 이상 개발자들에게 프로그래밍 언어에 구애를 받지 않고 오직 개발 제품에 대한 집중력을 가질 수 있는 환경을 제공할 수 있다면, 그 개발 효율에 있어서 상당한 이점을 가질 수 있다는 의미이다. 따라서, COL(Component Object Language)을 기반으로 하고 있는 C# (C sharp)언어를 사용하여 개발을 함에 있어서 자바의 언어를 C# 언어로 변환할 수 있다면, 신생 언어인 C#에 있어서 기존 자바로 되어 있는 유용한 개발 제품들을 보다 효율적으로 이용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 두 언어(자바, C#)를 하나로 잇는 교량(bridge)역할을 할 수 있도록 자바의 중간 언어인 Bytecode를 C#의 중간 언어인 MSIL(Microsoft Intermediate Language)로 바꿀 수 있는 중간 언어 번역기를 설계하고 구현하였다. 이를 위한 방법으로는 먼저, 자바 Bytecode 와 MSIL 의 어셈블리 형태에서의 명령어 매칭과정을 매핑 테이블을 이용하여 처리하였고, MSIL 에서 자바 Bytecode 의 함수와 같은 기능을 하는 메소드의 변환을 위하여 마크로 변환기법을 이용하여 해결하였다.I/O ratio 2.5). BTEX의 상대적 함량도 실내가 실외보다 높아 실내에도 발생원이 있음을 암시하고 있다. 자료 분석결과 유치원 실내의 벤젠은 실외로부터 유입되고 있었고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에 의해서 개선되었다. 답이 없는 문제, 문제 만들기, 일반화가 가능한 문제 등으로 보고, 수학적 창의성 중 특히 확산적 사고에 초점을 맞추어 개방형 문제가 확산적 사고의 요소인 유창성, 독창성, 유연성 등에 각각 어떤 영향을 미치는지 20주의 프로그램을 개발, 진행하여 그 효과를

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2011

셀레늄(Selenium: Se) cracker cell을 이용하여 셀렌화한 $CuInSe_2$ (CIS)박막에 대해 연구한 결과를 발표하고자 한다. 화석연료의 과도한 사용으로 지구온난화라는 환경문제가 대두되면서 영구적이고 무상의 태양에너지 이용에 대한 필요성이 점차 높아지고 있다. 빛에너지를 전기에너지로 변화시키기 위한 태양전지는 재료에 따라 다양하게 개발되고 있으며 그 중 가장 주목을 받고 있는 것 중의 하나가 $CuInSe_2$을 광흡수층으로 하는 CIS 박막 태양전지이다. CIS 박막은 태양전지의 광흡수층으로 사용되는데 직접천이형 밴드구조를 가지고 있고, 약 $10^5$ $cm^{-1}$의 높은 광흡수계수를 가지고 있어 태양전지 광흡수층으로 적합한 물질로 각광받고 있다. CIS는 에너지 밴드갭이 ~1 eV로 실리콘과 유사한 밴드갭을 가지고 있으나 이는 Ga, Al을 In 대신 치환함으로 조절할 할 수 있다. 무엇보다도 sodalime 유리와 같은 저가의 기판위에 스퍼터와 같은 장치로 대면적 CIS 박막태양전지를 만들 수 있다는 것이 산업적인 면에서 장점으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 sodalime 유리기판 위에 스퍼터 방법으로 CIS 박막을 증착하고 Se cracker cell로 셀렌화하여 CIS 박막을 제조하는 것을 조사연구 하였다. 스퍼터를 이용하여 유리기판위에 Mo (Molybdenum)을 증착하고 그 위에 Cu-In-Se박막을 증착하였다. Cu-In-Se/Mo/유리기판 시료는 동일 챔버에서 Se cracker cell을 이용하여 셀렌화 처리 하였다. 물성비교를 위하여 Knudson-cell을 이용한 셀렌화도 시행하였다. Se cracker cell은 고체 Se를 가열하는 부분(R-zone)과 Se flux를 cracking 하는 부분(C-zone)으로 나누어져 있으며 C-zone은 700$^{\circ}C$로 고정하였다. 셀렌화 기판 온도는 425$^{\circ}C$로 고정하였고 Se cracker 온도는 330~375$^{\circ}C$까지 변화시켜 가며 CIS 박막을 제조하였다. 제조된 CIS 박막의 물성 조사는 사진, 현미경, SEM, EDX, XRD, Hall effects를 이용하였다. Se cracker cell로 셀렌화한 CIS 박막은 island 구조를 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. CIS 박막의 island의 크기와 모양은 셀렌화시 R-zone 온도(Cu-In-Se 박막에 조사되는 셀레늄의 량)에 큰 영향을 받았다. 셀렌화시 셀레늄량이 적을 때는 island가 커지며 불균일해지고 셀레늄량이 많을 때 island가 작고 균일해지는 경향을 SEM을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다. X-ray 회절을 통해 셀레늄량이 적을 경우 CIS 결정이외의 결정이 박막내에 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 학술회의에서 Se cracker cell을 이용한 셀렌화에 관한 보다 깊은 연구결과를 발표하고자 한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different feeding level of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients) on the generation of main greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in Hanwoo cows. The diet TDN (kg) adjusted to achieve ADG of 0 g/day (Control), 200 g/day (T1), and 400 g/day (T2) of the maintenance level TMR (Total Mixed Ration) delivered twice a day at 08:30 and 17:30. Cow are housed in a respiration chamber and the environmental temperature was maintained at $20^{\circ}C$. The gases were measured for 24 hours using the multi-detector instrument Mamos-300. The analyzed methane emissions of T1 and T2 were 33.5% and 69.6% higher than control, respectively, and the carbon dioxide emissions were 21.1% and 40.6% higher than control. Also, the hourly pattern of carbon dioxide and methane production were showed very similar emission. Gas production showed peak after 1 hour of feeding and this gap was wider in the afternoon than in the morning hours. It is clearly conducted that $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ emissions were different by limited intake levels of feed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature and drought on growth performance, photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents of Liriodendron tulipifera L. seedlings. The seedlings were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers with combinations of four temperature ($-3^{\circ}C$, $0^{\circ}C$, $+3^{\circ}C$, $+6^{\circ}C$; based on the monthly average for 30 years in Korea) and two water status (control, drought). Temperature rise increased growth, total dry weight and leaf area in all water status. Also photosynthetic rate, dark respiration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased with increasing temperature. In contrast, growth and photosynthetic parameters of L. tulipifera seedlings were lower in $-3^{\circ}C$ than $0^{\circ}C$. But temperature rise decreased water use efficiency in all water status. Temperature rise increased photosynthetic pigment contents of leaf. Also chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with increasing temperature. In conclusion, the elevated temperature lead to causes growth increase through the increase of energy production by higher photosynthetic rate during a growth period of L. tulipifera seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2017

Hydrogen gas is a green energy sources because it features no emission of pollutants during combustion. But hydrogen gas is very dangerous, being flammable and very explosive. Hydrogen gas detection is very important for the safety of a nuclear power plant. Hydrogen gas is generated by oxidation of nuclear fuel cladding during a critical accident, and leads to serious secondary damage in the containment building. This paper discusses the development of a Raman lidar system for remote detection and measurement of hydrogen gas. A small, portable Raman lidar system was designed, and a measurement algorithm was developed to quantitatively measure hydrogen gas concentration. To verify the capability of measuring hydrogen gas with the developed Raman lidar system, experiments were carried out under daytime outdoor conditions by using a gas chamber that can adjust the hydrogen gas density. As results, our Raman lidar system is able to measure a minimum density of 0.67 vol. % hydrogen gas at a distance of 20 m.