• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.374-390
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the insect diversity and forest in urban green space, which can determine the current status of the ecosystem and provide basic data and information required for conservation planning and sustainable use of the environment. For this study, we have surveyed insect diversity by habitat types in the botanic garden of Wonkwang University, Iksan, from September, 2010 to September, 2011. During the research period, a total of 209 species, 78 families and 10 orders were observed, including 10 exportable species, 1 species of Korean Red List, 2 climate-sensitive indicator species and 70 designated species. Among these taxonomic groups, Coleoptera (36.36 %) showed the highest diversity with 76 species, followed by Hemiptera (25.36 %) with 46 species, Diptera (11.48 %) with 24 species and Hymenoptera (7.66 %) with 16 species. As for the diversity by survey time, the largest number of species were observed in September 2010 (52 families, 105 species), followed by May 2011 (37 families, 87 species), July 2011 (50 families, 86 species), June 2011 (40 families, 80 species) and August 2011 (43 families, 73 species). Relatively low diversity was observed in September 2011 (38 families, 60 species), October 2010 (36 families, 52 species) and April 2011 (19 families, 29 species). As for the diversity by survey point, the highest diversity was observed in S4 (75 families, 186 species, 88.99 %), followed by S1 (41 families, 70 species, 33.49 %), S2 (41 families, 63 species, 30.14 %), and S3 (36 families, 59 species, 28.22 %). According to the community analysis, the survey area S4 (H'=3.344, RI=9.257) showed the highest numbers in diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) of insects and S1 (0.985) showed the highest species evenness index (EI). On the other hand, S3 showed the lowest numbers (H'=2.428, RI=4.307, EI=0.832) in every index. The insect fauna is closely associated with the plants and vegetation structure in the green space. Therefore, it is necessary to manage and maintain the urban green space to make it similar to the natural environment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.5-28
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• 2009

As a result of this study only a few Korean firms have a certain management methods designed to predict the possibility of risk occurrence and establishment of systematic countermeasure. Besides, the Korean firms do not have enough data on the risk of Chinese Market. The risk management department inside the firm does not function efficiently, and when it comes to investigation of risk, it heavily depends on that of local branches. Accordingly, in order to accurately recognize and manage, the firms need to not only specialize risk management department but also outsource by using a consulting firm.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.184-199
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• 2022

Freshwater soundness can be broadly divided into the health of river ecosystems and social services for human water use, that is, water welfare. In this study the ecological soundness and water welfare index of rivers were calculated, and the freshwater comprehensive soundness was analyzed using the quadrant model for 14 basins in the Geum River basin. As for the ecological soundness of the river, the area upstream of the dam (based on Daecheong Dam) was evaluated as 'good', and the area downstream of the dam was evaluated as 'bad'. On the other hand as for water welfare, the area downstream of the dam with a large population was in a relatively 'good' condition, and the area upstream of the dam had a relatively 'poor' level of water welfare. In terms of freshwater comprehensive soundness, it was found that the basins of Mujunamdaecheon, Bocheongcheon and Daecheongdam showed good ecological soundness and water welfare, and the Geumganggongju, Nonsancheon and Geumganhagueon basins were all poor. The Gapcheon basin showed good results in 2014 due to continuous investment and systematic management. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to utilize it for other watersheds through benchmarking.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1139-1143
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• 2010

대청호 수질관리를 위한 대책 수립시 상류유역의 유출 및 오염부하배출 특성을 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 유역의 수환경 영향을 평가하기 위해서 복잡한 수문 수질 모델을 이용하는데 사용자 편의성을 고려한 모델 개발과 이용이 필요하다. L-THIA ArcView GIS 모형은 토지이용도, 토양도, 일강우 자료만으로 직접유출의 모의가 가능하여 전 세계적으로 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 L-THIA ArcView GIS 모형을 이용하여 대청호 상류유역인 안내천, 월외천 유역의 직접유출 및 비점오염 배출부하 특성을 평가하였다. 직접 유출량 평가 결과, 결정계수($R^2$)와 유효지수(EI)가 월외천 유역 및 안내천 유역에서 각각 0.95, 0.93 및 0.81, 0.71로 나타나, L-THIA ArcView GIS 모형이 실측치를 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 강우유출수에 포함된 SS 및 T-P 오염부하량 평가결과, 결정계수($R^2$)가 월외천 유역과 안내천 유역에서 각각 0.53, 0.95 및 0.89, 0.89로 평가되었다. 또한 유효지수(EI)가 월외천 유역과 안내천 유역에서 각각 0.44, 0.95 및 0.98, 0.99로 평가되었다. SS 부하량 평가 결과에서 월외천 유역이 안내천 유역보다 정확성이 낮은 것은 지역특성에 따라 SS 부하량 차이가 크기 때문이다. 따라서 L-THIA ArcView GIS 모형의 지속적인 개선이 이루어진다면 대청호 만입부 상류유역에서의 각종 수질관리대책 평가에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.525-538
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the habitat status and species diversity of benthic diatoms and estimate the applicability of TDI (Trophic Diatom Index) to obtain the basic data for the identification and management of created wetlands in the Nakdong River. We observed a total of 38 families and 173 species of benthic diatom during the survey period, and spring and autumn showed a similar number of species of 156 and 154, respectively. The result of the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) analysis showed that the distribution of benthic diatom was sensitive to environmental factors such as nutrient concentration and rainfall in each wetland. The cluster 1 was characterized by the survey sites of autumn mostly and consisted of points of high TDI, although the nutrients such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen were low, and the species number and abundance of diatoms were low. Conversely, cluster 4 was characterized by the survey sites of spring mostly and consisted of points of low TDI, even though total nitrogen was high. Considering that most of the created wetlands had the reduced inflow and outflow, the increased flow rate in the summer lowers nutrient values in autumn, and the species number and abundance of benthic diatom decreases due to the increase of turbidity, which reduces the light penetrations to the substrates. On the contrary, the TDI value is low in spring because the low water level causes insufficient substrate surface to the benthic diatoms, and it is too early for the establishment and development of saprophilous species. Although various studies have used TDI as an indicator for evaluating the habitat environment and water quality, it is not a good evaluation indicator in this study since the nutrient concentration in the wetlands mostly high as they have a low flow rate and are close to the stagnant area. Nevertheless, additional periodic surveys that comprehensively reflect the fact that the summer rainfall and inflow/outflow regulating function might affect the species diversity and distribution of benthic diatoms are necessary.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-202
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• 2020

This study aims to enhance the family-friendliness of the region by examining the relationship between family relations and the community environment, and objectively comparing the local environment surrounding the family. To this end, we reviewed the areas of socio-cultural and economic sectors that affect the family relationship satisfaction, and in particular, analyzed the trend of changes in regional index by utilizing the Korean Family Happiness Composite Index (KFHCI) developed as a community indicators. This index utilizes community indicators published in the National Statistical Portal's "e-Region indicators," and these variables are related to family relationship satisfaction. Therefore, this study compared the seven areas of the Family Happiness Composite Index (Population Family, Health Culture, Education, Income Consumption, Employment Labor, Housing Transportation, Environment and Social Integration) by region, and examined the trends for 10 years. According to the study, the average score of KFHCI's entire region was rising from 2008 to 2018. Overall, the community environment that affects family relationship satisfaction is also improving. The regions belonging to the upper level were Jeonnam, Gangwon, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Gyeongbuk. Areas belonging to the lower level are Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, and Gwangju. In almost sectors, the lower-level regions did not have sufficient physical infrastructure compared to population density and over-density, and improved little by little, but not enough to reflect the needs of local people and improve the quality of life. In the future, we should develop more regular and complementary indicators to develop customized policies for each region that can improve the quality of family relationships. It will also be necessary to study the impact of each index field when a socioeconomic crisis occurs due to social disasters, and try to change indicators

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Biodiesel is a type of biofuel obtained from bioresources and able to use in diesel vehicles as an alternative/additive to petro diesel. In recent biodiesel research, there are three main issues which include high quality biodiesel, low cost feed stock and a highly efficient biodiesel production process. The sustainable production and use of biodiesel are attracting much attention in the renewable energy field. In this paper, we review some of the literatures related to environmental and economic evaluation for biodiesel production and analysis the issues including life cycle assessment (LCA), global warming potential (GWP), energy consumption, biodiesel production cost, production technologies and feedstock.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.383-411
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• 2010

Climate change and related policies and regulations influence the performance of the firms in various ways. Climate change influences corporate competitiveness through physical impacts, GHG regulations, changes in asset values, demand shift, etc. Therefore, corporate competitiveness could be maintained by reducing vulnerability to climate change and adapting to new circumstances. Without effective responses to the challenges, the firms would have difficulties in maintaining their competitiveness in the market and the cost of national economy will significantly increase as well. Even though it seems fairly easy to understand the meaning of competitiveness, deriving the driving forces of and measuring changes in competitiveness are complicated and disputable processes. A common way to overcome it is to develop a 'competitiveness index'. The objective of this study is to derive the main factors influencing corporate competitiveness related to climate change and develop 'competitiveness index' reflecting those factors. The index will make contribution to enhance the response capacity of the firms to climate change and increase the effectiveness of climate change policies for the industry by providing a quantitative tool to measure the changes in corporate competitiveness related to climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2020

The Marine Safety Culture Index (MSCI) was developed in the year 2018 for objectively assessing the public safety culture levels and for incorporating it as data to spread knowledge regarding the marine safety culture. The method for calculating the safety culture index should include issues that may affect the safety culture and should consist of appropriate attributes for estimating the current status. In addition, continuous verification and supplementation are required for addressing social and economic changes. In this study, to determine whether the questionnaire designed by marine experts reflects the people's interests and needs, we analyzed 915 marine safety proposals. Text mining was employed for analyzing the unstructured data of the marine safety proposals, and network analysis and topic modeling were subsequently performed. Analysis of the marine safety proposals was centered on attributes such as education, public relations, safety rules, awareness, skilled workers, and systems. Eighteen questions were modified and supplemented for reflecting the marine safety proposals, and reliability of the revised questions was analyzed. Furthermore, compared to the previous year, the questionnaire's internal consistency was improved upon and was rated at a high value of 0.895. It is expected that by employing the derived marine safety culture index and incorporating the improved questionnaire that reflects the requirements of marine experts and the people, the improved questionnaire will contribute to the establishment of policies for spreading knowledge regarding the marine safety culture.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.169-198
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• 1996

The objectives of this investigation are : 1. To analyze spectral signature and the associated vegetation index for geometric illumination conditions inf1uenced by low solar elevation and high slope orientations in mountainous forest. 2. To assess the accuracy of the spectral angle mapper classification for the a winter land cover in comparison with the maximum likelihood classification. 3. To produce the image of water quality and water properties that could be used to estimate the water pollution sources and the tide-included by turbid water in estuarine and coastal areas. These objectives are to characterize environmental and ecological monitoring applications of the Nak-Dong River Basin by using Fuyo-1 OPS VNIR data acquired on December 26, 1992. The results of this paper are as follows : 1. The spectral digital numbers and vegetation indexes (NDVI and TVI) of mountainous forest are higher on the slope facing the sun than on the slope hidden the sun under low sun elevation condition. 2. The spectral angle mapper algorithm produces a more accurate land cover classification of areas with steep slope, various aspects and low solar elevation than the maximum likelihood classifier. 3. The maximum likelihood classification images can be used for identifying the location and movement of both freshwater and salt water, regardless of geometric illumination conditions. 4. The color-coded density sliced image of selected water bodies by using the near-infrared band 3 can provide distribution of the water quality of the Lower Nak-Dong River. 5. The color-coded normalized difference vegetation index image of the selected mountain forest is suitable to classify winter vegetation cover types, i.e., forest canopy densities for slope orientations.