• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.233-234
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• 2013

IMO에서는 피로(Fatigue)를 정신력, 체력, 신속성, 반응시간, 기능의 조화, 의사결정, 마음의 안정 등을 포함한 모든 육체적, 정신적 또는 감정적인 소모의 결과로 인하여 인간의 육체적 또는 정신적 능력이 저하되는 것 즉, 인간의 효율성의 감소라고 정의하고 있다. 선박승무원의 피로는 선박안전운항과 해양환경보호를 위한 업무수행능력(Performance)에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 승선중인 선박승무원의 건강(Health)과도 밀접한 관계가 있으며 또한 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 선박승무원의 피로에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인과 그로 인한 효과들을 살펴보고 피로와 선박승무원의 건강과의 관련성 및 그 영향 등에 대하여 고찰을 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2014

This study analyzed a comprehensive database including 6331 ready-mixed concrete plant mixtures to quantitatively assess the environmental impact of concrete under mixture proportions variable according to the domestic region and season. The environmental impact indicator includes global warming, photochemical oxidant creation, abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity, which are determined from categorization, characterization, normalization and weighting process based on Korea lifecycle inventories. The determined environmental impact indicator was also normalized by concrete compressive strength ($f_{ck}$), which is defined as impact index, to calculate the environmental impact per unit strength of 1 MPa. The most common compressive strength of concrete used in the country is estimated to be 24 MPa and 27 MPa. For $f_{ct}$ of 24 MPa, the lowest environmental impact indicator is observed in Ulsan, whereas the highest region is Gwangju and Daegu. This difference according to domestic region is primarily resulted from by the replacement of different supplementary cementitious materials. Furthermore, the impact index of concrete with $f_{ck}$ of 24 MPa is higher by approximately 5% at wintertime than at summertime and standard season. The impact index gradually decreases with the increase of $f_{ck}$ up to 35 MPa, beyond which it remains constant.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.416-431
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze in-depth the nurses' experience of hospital work and the factors affecting career interruption of nurses. For this purpose, 20 inactive nurses aged 26-55 participated in interviews about their experience as nurses, characteristics of nursing work, and reasons for retirement, and applied the analysis method of Colaizzi among phenomenological research methods. The analysis resulted in 104 significant statements, 17 formulated meanings, 6 clusters of theme, and 2 categories. The two categories are nursing work characteristics and work environment characteristics. In the characteristics of nursing work, there are four clusters of theme of 'time pressure', 'lack of autonomy', 'physical and emotional labor', 'low wage increase', and in the characteristics of nursing work environment, there are two clusters of theme of 'physical environment' and 'human environment'. Therefore, in order to improve the nurse career interruption, efforts should be made to alleviate excessive work intensity, raise the appropriate level of pay and provide a safe working environment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.717-727
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• 2016

Using TIMSS survey data, we analyzed whether there were any significant changes in the learning environment of middle school science classes over the last 10 years. Our study selected questions from teachers and school principals' questionnaires and divided them by category: science class, teacher professional development, and school environment. The science class components were subdivided into three categories: science learning activities, evaluation, and homework. Within teacher professional development, the sub-categories included teacher training, collaboration to improve teaching, and teacher evaluation. School environment subdivided into two aspects, these being school characteristics and school system. Our research confirmed that there has been a positive change overall in learning environments. However, most classes are teacher-conducted and also teacher-oriented; the proportion of science investigation activities has declined compared against the prior ten years. Our study show that students do not engage in a range of inquiry-related activities. The questions on tests and examinations involve mostly knowledge application and understanding, although recent methods of evaluation show improvement. As for the science teachers, they participate in many professional development programs but focus on science content, science curriculum, and pedagogy. In addition, teachers do not have many opportunities to participate in the training to integrate information technology into science, science assessment, or improving students' critical thinking or inquiry skills. The teachers are satisfied with their profession, and the shortage of science resources does not seem to affect instruction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.725-732
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• 2014

Phytoremediation is a technology to mitigate the pollutant concentrations such as metals, pesticides, solvents, oils, or others in contaminated water and soils with plants. The plants absorb contaminants through the root and store them in the root, stems, or leaves. Rapid growth trees such as poplar are used to remove low concentrated contaminants eco-friendly and economically in a wide contaminated region. This study was practiced to evaluate an activated carbon production system by using poplar wood discarded after phytoremediation. Life cycle assessment methodology was used to analyze environmental impacts of the system, and the functional unit was one ton of harvested poplar. It was estimated that the small size rotary kiln for activated carbon production from poplar wood had an environmental benefit in optimized conditions to minimize energy consumptions. The results of an avoided environmental impact analysis show that the system contribute to reduce environmental impacts in comparison with activated carbon production from coconut shell.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2018

국내외 창업 교육 및 창업 현장에 있어 창업자 개인이 아닌 팀 단위의 역량을 중요시하고 있다. 다양한 창업지원 사업에서 팀의 구성에 따라 당락을 결정할 정도로 팀은 창업 초기에 빠르게 나아가기 위한 원동력이자 시너지를 낼 수 있는 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 창업팀의 활동을 통해 구성원들의 역량이 성장하고 발전할 수 있다고 믿기 때문에 실패를 용인하고 재도전할 기회를 주는 등 사회 분위기도 개선되고 있다. 이러한 시대적 변화에 따라 기존의 창업가(entrepreneur) 중심에서 창업팀(entrepreneurial team) 단위의 연구로 흐름이 변화하고 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 더욱이 국내 연구에 있어 창업팀에 대한 연구는 초기 단계로 해외의 연구 결과에 의존하고 있어 한국의 창업환경에 맞는 창업팀의 연구가 필요하다. 이러한 연구의 부족은 창업팀이라는 연구 대상이 한정되어있다는 점, 시간의 부족을 겪고 있는 창업 팀원들에게 의미 있는 자료를 끌어내기 어려운 점 등도 애로사항으로 작용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 창업팀의 특성 중 학습 행동을 유발하는 요인을 찾기 위해 창업팀의 지각된 다양성과 그 다양성을 수용하는 태도에 관하여 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 팀원들의 지각된 사회범주 다양성과 지각된 정보다양성이 높을수록 다양성을 수용하고자 하는 의지가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 정보 다양성과 가치 다양성을 수용하는 태도가 좋을수록 자발적인 학습 행동이 더 많이 발생했다. 셋째, 단순히 다양한 사람들을 섞어 팀을 구성하는 것 자체로만은 학습 행동을 유발하지 않음을 확인하였다. 지각된 사회범주다양성은 정보다양성의 수용태도를 매개로 자발적인 학습 행동에 영향을 미쳤으며, 지각된 정보다양성은 정보다양성과 가치다양성 수용태도를 매개로 학습행동에 유의미한 영향을 주었다. 팀은 긍정적인 영향과 함께 부정적인 영향을 주기도하여 구성원간의 갈등을 야기시키며 창업실패의 요인이 되기도 한다. 본연구는 이러한 팀의 특성을 살펴봄으로서 향 후 창업팀의 육성과 지원 시 팀의 구성원간의 문제에 대한 관심을 유도하고 팀의 특성과 관련한 연구의 확산에 기여할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.88-100
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• 2013

This study evaluated the direct and indirect environmental impacts of various unit operations of a industrial waste incineration plant by using the life cycle assessment tool and reviewed the improvement plan. During the incineration process, the direct environmental impact was decreased with decrease in emission of various air pollutants by incorporating an air pollution prevention facilities. However, an increase in indirect environmental impacts was observed as a consequence of resources and energy of consumption at the various operational facilities. Consequently, quantitative direct and indirect impact were 89.1%, 10.9%, respectively. The environmental impact analysis of system revealed the highest impact of incineration followed by the impacts of other unit processes such as semidry reactor, and bag-filter. The various air pollutants and ashes generated during the incineration process caused the most significant environmental impact. Among the various categories of environmental impact, global warming accounted the highest impact(more than 85%) followed by eutrophication, and abiotic depletion. As a result of the avoided impact by the utilization of heat generated during the waste incineration process, using an incineration heat for steam and electricity obtained the impact reduction of 45.5%, 19.8%. So, during siting of new incineration plant, the utilization of steam generated from the waste combustion is highly considered to reduce the environmental impact.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.527-533
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• 2017

Environmental concern about smart phone is growing because it has short product life span while having intensive production technology and cost. In this study environmental impact of the smart phone is quantified using the LCA methodology based on the ISO 14040 series standards. The assessment considers potential environmental impacts across the whole life cycle of the smart phone including; pre-manufacturing; manufacturing; distribution; product use; and end-of-life stages. The pre-manufacturing stage is the most dominant life cycle stage causing the highest environmental impacts among all 10 impact categories assessed. The global warming impacts of the smart phone in the pre-manufacturing, distribution, use, manufacturing, and end-of-life stages were 52.6% 23.9%, 15.7%, 7.0%, and 0.8%, respectively. Sensitivity of the life cycle impact assessment results to the system boundary definition and assumptions made were quite high. Three components of the smart phone, PCB, battery, and display module were identified as the key components causing majority of the potential environmental impact in the pre-manufacturing stage. As such the slim and light-weight design and the use of environmental friendly materials are important design factors for reducing the environmental impact of the smart phone.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.58-65
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• 2014

This study aims to understand the environmental impact reduction of green buildings that are certified by Green standard for energy and environmental design(G-SEED). To ensure this end, this study assessed and compared the environmental impacts(global warning, ozone layer depletion, acidification, and eutrophication) of a G-SEED-certified elementary school building(green building) and an uncertified elementary school building(traditional building) using the life cycle assessment methodology. This study considered the environmental impacts from the material manufacturing, material transportation, on-site construction, and operation during 40 years. The comparison of the environmental impact intensity of two buildings showed that the green building generated much more environmental impacts than the traditional building. For example, the global warming potential of the green building was approximately 12.5% higher than of the traditional building since the global warming potential of the green building was 3.751 $t-CO_2eq./m^2$ while that of the traditional building was 3.282 $t-CO_2eq./m^2$. It signifies that the G-SEED doesn't guarantee the reduction of the environmental impacts in terms of four impact categories. Therefore, the G-SEED should be complemented and improved to achieve the environmental impact reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2013

In this study, the effects of STAD cooperative learning strategy on students' achievement, learning motivation, perceptions of learning environment, and perceived classroom goal structure were investigated in terms of students' collectivism level. Two classes (64 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. A individualism-collectivism test, a learning motivation test, a perceptions of learning environment test, and a perceived classroom goal structure test were administered as pretests. The intervention of cooperative learning lasted for 24 class periods. After instruction, an achievement test, the learning motivation test, the perceptions of learning environment test, and the perceived classroom goal structure test were administered. The results indicated that the students of the treatment group significantly outperformed those of the control group in the achievement test. There was a significant treatment-aptitude interaction effect in the scores of the attention subcategory of the learning motivation. In the perceptions of learning environment, the score of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in the cohesiveness subcategory, whereas the score of the treatment group was significantly lower than their counterpart in the competitiveness subcategory. It was also found that the score of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in the performance subcategory of the perceived classroom goal structure.