• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

A multi-attribute utility analysis was investigated as a tool for the decision support of countermeasures in early phase of a nuclear accident. The utility function of attributes was assumed to be the second order polynomial expressions, and the weighting constant of attributes was determined using a swing weighting method. Because the main objective of this study focuses on the applicability of a multi-attribute utility analysis as a tool for the decision support of countermeasures in early phase of a nuclear accident, less quantifiable attributes were not included due to lack of information. In postulated accidental scenarios for the application of the designed methodology, the variation of the numerical values of total utility for the considered actions, e.g. sheltering, evacuation and no action, was investigated according to the variation of attributes. As a result, it was shown that the numerical values of total utility for the actions are distinctly different depending on the exposure dose and monetary value of dose. As increasing in both attributes, the rank of the numerical values of total utility increased for evacuation, which is more extreme action than for sheltering, while that of no action decreased. As expected probability of high dose is higher, the break-even values for the monetary value of dose, which are the monetary value of dose when the ranking of actions is changed, were lower. In audition, as aversion psychology for dose is higher, the break-even values for dose were lower.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.5 s.95
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• pp.603-610
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• 2006

The external unbonded strengthening offers advantages in speed and simplicity of installation over other strengthening techniques. Unlike externally bonded steel plate or carbon fiber sheet, surface preparation of the concrete for installation of high-tension bar is not required and installation is not affected by environmental conditions. Anchoring pin or anchoring plate are installed at the end of beam to connect the high-tension bar to concrete beam. The deviator are used in order that supplementary external bars would follow the curvature of the tested beam. A set often laboratory tests on reinforced concrete beam strengthened using the technique are reported. The main test parameters are the section area of strengthening bar, the depth of deviator and the number of deviators. The paper provides a general description of structural behavior of beams strengthened using the technique. The test result of strengthened beam are compared with those from a reference specimen. It is shown that the reinforcing technique can provide greater strength enhancements to unstrengthened beam and that the provision of deviator enhances efficiency. The ultimate moment of specimen with two deviators was higher than that of specimens with one deviator. It is also shown that the external bars enhance strength of beams in shear.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.314-320
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• 2010

As the nature of triathlons is competition in three successive sports, triathletes experience elevated levels of stress on the body that are absent in single-sport athletic events, and consequently there are more potential medical problems to prepare for. Triathletes can also experience problems such as hypothermia, heat illness, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal injuries and trauma, immunosuppression, and haemolysis. Depending on the potentiality of such above-listed problems occurring in any given race, race organizers will prepare preventative measures and treatments accordingly. Olympic distance is not the only triathlon racing distance. Sprints, which are normally around half the Olympic distance, are common distances, as well as Long (2 km swim, 80 km bike, 20 km run), Ironman (3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42 km run), and ultra-distance events varying in length. Races of longer duration normally result in a higher percentage of athletes experiencing the above-mentioned medical problems, as well as inducing additional health risks such as hyponatraemia. Minimizing the occurrences of serious health issues is possible through the following means: carefully preparing for the probable race-day weather conditions; proper management and organization of the race; preparing an extensive water-safety and ground-course safety plan; distributing necessary nutrition along the course; and stressing the importance for athletes to have proper knowledge concerning race nutrition, biomechanical technique, physical preparation, and utilization of safe equipment. While risks of competing in triathlon are many, the instances of such medical problems are not excessive, and the triathlon has a reputation of being a reasonably safe sport as long as athletes with high risk take added precautions.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.129-146
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• 2010

System response times(SRTs) are getting important while increasing the function of system. In the past, most research studied SRTs on situation of computer usage. There are lacking the research on simple domain. This study focuses on behavioral and emotional effect on situation of cell phone usage(experience 1; independent variables: degree of SRTs, dependent variables: behavioral and emotional evaluation). And this study investigates the behavioral and emotional effect in same SRTs on different situation(experience 2; independent variables: degree of SRTs, usage mode, dependent variables: behavioral and emotional evaluation, stress, mental strain). The result indicated that long SRTs increased problem solving time and negative emotion. User evaluated the system differently according to usage mode after they performed the same task. In other word, if user had a strong goal, then they felt more negative emotion and mental effort than the user don't have a strong goal. In the goal mode group, it was important there are being of delay or not. This study demonstrated that SRTs and usage mode influence user's emotion and behavior performance in same task.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2013

Whole genome transcriptomes from Miscanthus species were sequenced and analyzed, which provided 50 different types of transcription factor (TF) involving various developmental processes or environmental stresses. Among the explored TF, WRKY gene family was the major type and one of the WRKY genes, MSIR7180_WRKY4, induced under low temperature environment was selected to investigate how the Miscanthus-originated MSIR7180_WRKY4 TF responds when exposed to low temperature in four warm-season turfgrasses (Z. matrella 'Semil', bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, and seashore paspalum). The MSIR7180_WRKY4 was expressed higher during low temperature period in Bermudagrass, but the expression was enhanced in St. Augustinegrass. In contrast, the gene in 'Semil' cultivar was barely expressed and relatively less expressed, but repressed gradually in seashore paspalum, which seems to allow two turfgrasses stay-green longer in the fall season. The results indicate that bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass adapt to low temperature quickly, but relative tolerance to low or cold temperature at the molecular level needs to be further investigated at different physiological stages and the corresponding genes systematically.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

This study investigated the relationships among mother's adult attachment, psychological well-being and affection parenting in low-income class and middle income class The subjects were 339 mothers who reared 3-5 old age child in Daegu and Gyoungbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, single and hierachical multiple regression, using SPSS Win 15.0. The results were as follows. (1) Adult attachment fully exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in low income class of mothers. (2) But adult attachment partly exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in middle income class of mothers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.217-230
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• 2012

This paper propose interacting test programming methods between test equipment and hardware unit to verify function and performance of the hardware unit under test. Proposed test program can minimizes the risk of failures when the unit is mounted on the aircraft by testing and verifying the unit under the worst stress condition. Also, Object oriented design using UML make it easy to apply in other equipments. Test program consists of architecture package and hardware package. Architecture package is in a role for system management, log analysis, message receiving and message analysis. Messages that are used by system management define messages for testing and defined messages is sent and received to test equipment through Ethernet. Hardware package is in a role for hardware management that is needed to be tested and is related to a system. Hardware to be tested is divided into internal test and transmission test. Internal test inspects hardware itself and reports the test results to the test equipment. Transmission test inspects communication device by sending or receiving data. All kinds of test is done in the worst condition of the test unit executing in parallel. Each device is tested at least 482 times and at most 15,003 times about one hour. Test program is utilized in hardware reliability test like as environmental test or EMI test.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.99-119
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the educational contents of home economics textbooks that solely focus on forming adolescent empowerment. For this, an in-depth content analysis was conducted on the home economics textbooks in Korea and the U.S. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the 23 content elements, which are designed to build adolescent empowerment, were ascertained: nine intrapersonal empowerment elements such as the self-identity, nine interpersonal empowerment elements such as the communication, and five social empowerment elements such as the leadership. Second, based on the content elements selected from above, the textbooks in Korea were observed to deal with 58% of the 23 content elements, while those in the U.S. discussed 90% of the 23 content elements. Korean textbooks primarily focused on helping students understand major concepts, whereas the U.S. textbooks focused primarily on helping students make connections between major concepts and their life. Lastly, both countries put the least amount of weight on social empowerment content elements(Korea: 37%, U.S.: 70%).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (abbreviated CFIDS or CFS) is a disorder characterized by debilitating fatigue(over 6 months.), along with cognitive, musculoskeletal, and sleep abnormalities. The etiology of this illness is unlikely to be a single agent. Findings to date suggest that physiological and psychological factors work together to predispose and perpetuate the illness. Diagnosis is made difficult by the nonspecific clinical findings and no available diagnostic testing. With no known cause or cure for the chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, treatment is based on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life of affected patients. There is emerging evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome may be familial. In the future, studies will examine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome. Most patients with CFS have psychiatric problems such as a generalized anxiety disorder, or major or minor depression, therefore, these mental health disorders may be correlated with the pathophysiology of the CFS. The treatment for CFS must be individualized, due to the heterogeneity of the CFS population. Also the treatment of CFS is built on a foundation of patient-physician relationship, respect and advocacy.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2014

Sessile marine bivalves including mussels, oysters and clams are often used as a sentinel species in coastal environmental monitoring since changes in the environmental quality are often well preserved in their tissues and shells. In this study, we investigated overall health condition of the Mediterranean Mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis on the south coast using histology. Reproductive condition as gonad index (GI), condition index (CI) as a ratio of the tissue weight to the shell weight, digestive gland atrophy (DGA), types of parasites, and pathologic conditions including erosion, necrosis, hemocyte infiltration, and neoplasia were examined from each histological preparation. GI decreased from March to July then increased from July to September and spawning mussel could be observed as early as in April and the activity continued until September. CI also followed the monthly changes in GI, indicating that decrease in CI was associated with the weight loss due to spawning. DGA increased from March to June, decreased in July and increased from July to September. High DGA values observed in June and September were coincided with spawning and high water temperature. Histology also showed high prevalence of erosion in the digestive gland in June (36.0%) and September (56.4%), suggesting that high water temperature and spawning acted as environmental stressors. No parasitic organism was identified during the survey, although some symbiotic copepods were observed. Histology was found to be useful and affordable technique in monitoring the overall health of mussel, providing useful pathologic information of the cells and tissues.