• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

This study addresses the current demand of the Korean mushroom export industry to establish an export strategy and governing policies.The enoki mushroom exports increased by 89% in 2009 and 23% in 2010, resulting in the largest export volume (17,163 tons) and export value ($26,292,000) being recorded in 2010. In contrast, exports in 2020 yielded only $18,525,000, which was 29% lower than that in 2010. In case of king oyster mushrooms, exports increased by 10% in 2012, 13% in 2013, and 2% in 2014, maintaining a moderate-growth trend. Moreover, Korea's mushroom exports are focused on a few specific countries. Enoki mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to North America and Vietnam from 2012 to 2022, whereas king oyster mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to Europe and North America (USA and Canada) from 2009 to 2022. Another characteristic trend in Korean mushroom exports is the diversification of export markets. The number of countries importing enoki mushrooms and king oyster mushrooms from Korea is increasing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop biomass allometric equations and estimate carbon emission factors, such as the wood density, biomass-expansion factor, and root-to-shoot ratio, for Platanus occidentalis and Metasequoia glyptostroboides planted in urban areas. Twenty M. glyptostroboides and 25 P. occidentalis trees were harvested, and the dry weights and stem volumes of stems, branches, leaves, and roots (>5 mm) were measured. The wood densities of M. glyptostroboides and P. occidentalis were 0.293 ± 0.008 g cm^-3 and 0.509 ± 0.018 g cm^-3, and the biomass-expansion factors were 1.738 ± 0.031 and 1.561 ± 0.035. The root-to-shoot ratios were 0.446 ± 0.009 and 0.402 ± 0.012. The uncertainty tests (coefficient of variation, %) gave 2.8% and 3.5% values for wood density, 1.8% and 2.3% for biomass-expansion factor, and 2.1% and 2.9% for root-to-shoot ratio, respectively. Among the developed allometric equations, Model I using the diameter at breast height (DBH) was suitable. The allometric equations of M. glyptostroboides and P. occidentalis above ground were y = 1.679 (DBH)^1.315 and y = 0.505 (DBH)^1.896, and the allometric equations of the root and total were y = 0.746 (DBH)^1.315, y = 0.301 (DBH)^1.751, y = 2.422 (DBH)^1.316, and y = 0.787 (DBH)^1.858. If the carbon-emission factors of this study and biomass allometric equations of the three developed models are used to estimate the carbon storage and biomass of urban forests, errors caused by not considering the use of fixed factors and the environmental differences can be reduced.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-160
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• 2023

The spread of non-face-to-face services due to the COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes in consumers' purchasing behavior and attracted much attention to new services. Could trying new services caused by this sudden environmental change alter consumers's choice patterns? This study proposes the research question of whether these new service experiences can change consumers' existing choice behavior, especially for risk-averse consumers who maintain their existing choice behavior or prefer safe alternatives. In this study, we examined whether trying out an unmanned payment services, one of innovative services that emerged after the pandemic crisis, can change the existing choice behavior of risk-averse consumers, i.e., make them more likely to prefer risky alternatives to safe alternatives. To accomplish these research goals, this research conducted one pilot survey and one study. The results of pilot survey showed that the stronger the prevention-focus tendency, the lower the self-efficacy to use the innovative service, with a negative relationship between them. Based on these findings, the study used an experimental method to examine the interaction effects between the use of innovation services and consumers' regulatory focus in a choice behavior and to explore the psychological mechanisms behind them. According to the results, it is found that prevention-focused consumers were more likely to choose risky alternatives and dissimilar extended brands following a trial of an unmanned payment service compared to not using that service. In contrast, promotion-focused consumers did not show different choice patterns regardless of following a trial of an innovative service. Furthermore, these results for prevention-focused consumers confirm the role of self-efficacy as a psychological mechanism. These findings shed light on the role of self-efficacy which has discussed in positive psychology into marketing area. Moreover, practical and academic implications are suggested by the finding that behavioral change occurs in risk-averse consumers, who are known to be hesitant to try new behaviors, indicating market expansion related to potential consumers for the use of the innovation services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.3-12
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forest play activities on children's emotional vocabulary change. Forest play activities were conducted for 498 children aged 4 to 5 years old who visited the environmental training in G city for forest play activity for 1 hour. As a result, positive vocabulary was significantly improved from 0.95±0.78 before forest play to 1.15±1.21 after forest play(p=.003) and negative vocabulary was significantly decreased from 1.27±1.58 to 0.41±1.10(p=.000). In the case of male children, positive vocabulary was increased significantly from 0.96±0.82 to 1.36±1.24(p=.000), in the case of negative vocabulary, it decreased significantly from 1.42±1.74 to 0.55±1.30(p=.000). In the case of female children, negative vocabulary was significantly decreased from 1.12±1.37 to 0.26±0.26(p=.000), but the positive vocabulary increase was not significant(p=.851). As a result of age, for a 4-year-old children, positive vocabulary did not show significant difference between before and after forest play(p=.471), and negative vocabulary was significantly increased from 1.04 ± 1.42 before forest play to 0.41±1.16 after forest play(p=.000). For a 5-year-old children, positive vocabulary was increased significantly from 0.96±0.85 to 1.23±1.21(p=.001) and negative vocabulary was decreased significantly from 1.41±1.65 to 0.41±1.06(p=.000). As a result of this study, it was found that play activities using various natural objects in the forest were directly related to nature, resulting in positive vocabulary increase and negative vocabulary decrease.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.27
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• pp.277-288
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• 2017

The number of science museums in Korea has expanded quantitatively from 72 in 2008 to 128 in 2016. This study started with the fact that the government puts a lot of budget into building a science museum, but there are more than one quarter of science museums with less than 50 spectators per day and many inefficient institutions. The number of visitors is an important factor in improving the efficiency of the science museum operation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between the service quality of the science museum and the customer satisfaction and the intention to revisit and to find out what kind of effort should be concentrated in the science museum to attract more visitors. Questionnaires were written in the exhibition, education, and culture fields of the Gwacheon National Science Museum. The results were derived by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results and contents of the study are as follows. First, in the field of exhibition, the quality of exhibition facilities was expected to affect customer satisfaction and intention to return, but did not have a meaningful relationship. Second, the education sector has been found to affect customer satisfaction and return intention in all aspects of service quality (operation and contents, instructors, educational facilities and environment). Third, in the field of culture (event), the quality of the cultural program influences the visitor satisfaction, but it does not affect the intention to revisit. The science museum can provide satisfaction to visitors by combining activities such as science and arts. Despite the limitations, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the visitor satisfaction and revisit by proceeding with the convergence research on the entire National Science Museum in the future.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.293-305
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• 2015

At the same time the unique cultural traits of each country are valued, it has become an essential element to establish the cultural identity of a country. This study is aimed at comparing the residence architectural cultures in East-Asia and thus identifying Korea's own unique traits by determining the application characteristics of traditional architectures of Korea, China and Japan through practical investigation of materials, a basic element of architectural shaping. Literature survey and field study were conducted in parallel for this study, and architectural buildings under investigation included Mucheomdang House in Korea, Prince Gong Mansion in China and Dokyudo Building in Japan. Construction materials in Korea, China and Japan include natural materials such as wood, stone and clay, and artificial materials such as metals, paper, roof tiles, plug and glass. and the buildings were constructed with the combination of these materials. This commonality can be often found in the architectural composition. However, in the interior composition, the choice and application of different materials were clear between three countries, which were shown to be different depending on climates, processing methods and living culture of each country. First of all, since each country selected materials under the influence of its own vegetation and climates, living environment of each country could be seen via its residence. Also, it could be seen that while Korea and Japan show a certain similarity such as the traits of standing-sitting culture and the finish of paper in the interior, China is clearly different. In particular, regarding the material processing, the artificial processing was minimized in Korea, which mainly gave rough and crude feelings while due to the use of straight timbers, the architectural representation with organized and refined feelings was made in Japan. China showed the highest percentage of artificial processing of materials among three countries, which was highly associated with the coloring culture of China. Also, it could be seen that technology related to fine architectural materials such as bricks and glass was greatly advanced in China. Thus, how immaterial elements such as natural characteristics, functionality and aesthetics were applied in relation to residence in Korea, Japan and China could be determined through the comparison of architectural materials.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.147-166
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop and apply guidelines for calculating greenhouse gas emissions to activate the contribution of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) for institutional-level research activities. In addition, we intended to improve awareness by identifying greenhouse gas emissions from KIGAM's basic research and development (R&D) activities in fiscal 2022. Herein, the research plan and budget contents of individual projects were analyzed, whilst the boundaries and scopes of greenhouse gas emissions were determined, with 22 cases being derived as either direct, indirect, or other sources of emissions. Subsequently, research activity emissions were calculated by emission source. The greenhouse gas emissions of KIGAM's 2022 basic project R&D activities were 2,041.506 tCO2eq, of which direct emissions were 793.235 tCO2eq (38.86%), indirect emissions comprised 305.647 tCO2eq (14.97%), whilst other emissions were 942.624 tCO2eq (46.18%). In particular, greenhouse gas emissions per 100 million won in the KIGAM's basic projects for fiscal 2022 (a total of 96.661 billion won) was calculated as 2.11 tCO2eq, whilst greenhouse gas emissions per participating researcher (was 4.800 tCO2eq. Such calculations should be carried out annually rather than once and accumulated for at least 5 years. Accordingly, it will be possible to standardize specific matters that influence emissions according to differences in research field characteristics and methods, thus guiding greenhouse gas emission reduction management in the future and evaluating the contributions of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) management to the environmental sector.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.132-140
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• 2023

In this study, a total of 21 parts of the head, carapace, and plastron of 21 tortoises were examined to investigate the characteristics of male and female sexual dimorphism of the Reeve's turtle (Mauremys reevesii), a natural monument in Korea. The ratio values of a total of 19 areas were derived from Head Length (HL) and Carapace Length (CL). As a result of comparing the ratio values, it was found that male tortoises had larger head length, head width, and head height than females compared to the size of the carapace. Since females grow eggs inside the body through internal fertilization after mating, female carapaces are judged to be larger than males overall. As a result of statistical analysis of the ratio values of the measured values, Plastron Length (PL), Bridge Length (BL), Gular Length (GL), Interhumeral Length (IH), Interanal Length (IAN), Femoral-Anal seam (FA) and Head Height (HH) showed statistically significant differences. Statistically significant in the part of the plastron, it is judged that the tortoise acts directly on each deck of the plastron as it grows. In addition, the head size of male tortoises was smaller than that of females, but it was found to be larger in proportion. It is considered that the tortoise has a rather large head compared to the body due to the male's habit of shaking his head and courtship behavior before mating. This study, we were able to identify the characteristics of sexual dimorphism in Reeve's turtle. However, since most of them were rescued, it was not possible to accurately determine habitat and age. In the future, if additional studies are conducted on individuals with clear habitats and ages, it is expected that the characteristics of the physical differences that develop as they grow can be identified.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2023

With the diffusion of digital innovation, the adoption of innovative medical technologies based on artificial intelligence is increasing in the medical field. This is driving the launch and adoption of AI-based SaMD(Software as a Medical Device), but there is a lack of research on the factors that influence the adoption of SaMD by medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors that influence medical institutions' decisions to adopt AI-based SaMDs, and to analyze the weights and priorities of these factors. For this purpose, we conducted Delphi surveys based on the results of literature studies on technology acceptance models in healthcare industry, medical AI and SaMD, and developed a research model by combining HOTE(Human, Organization, Technology and Environment) framework and HABIO(Holistic Approach {Business, Information, Organizational}) framework. Based on the research model with 5 main criteria and 22 sub-criteria, we conducted an AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis among the experts from domestic medical institutions and SaMD providers to empirically analyze SaMD adoption factors. The results of this study showed that the priority of the main criteria for determining the adoption of AI-based SaMD was in the order of technical factors, economic factors, human factors, organizational factors, and environmental factors. The priority of sub-criteria was in the order of reliability, cost reduction, medical staff's acceptance, safety, top management's support, security, and licensing & regulatory levels. Specifically, technical factors such as reliability, safety, and security were found to be the most important factors for SaMD adoption. In addition, the comparisons and analyses of the weights and priorities of each group showed that the weights and priorities of SaMD adoption factors varied by type of institution, type of medical institution, and type of job in the medical institution.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 2023

A large amount of floating debris from land-based sources during heavy rainfall has negative social, economic, and environmental impacts, but there is a lack of monitoring systems for floating debris accumulation areas and amounts. With the recent development of artificial intelligence technology, there is a need to quickly and efficiently study large areas of water systems using drone imagery and deep learning-based object detection models. In this study, we acquired various images as well as drone images and trained with You Only Look Once (YOLO)v5s and the recently developed YOLO7 and YOLOv8s to compare the performance of each model to propose an efficient detection technique for land-based floating debris. The qualitative performance evaluation of each model showed that all three models are good at detecting floating debris under normal circumstances, but the YOLOv8s model missed or duplicated objects when the image was overexposed or the water surface was highly reflective of sunlight. The quantitative performance evaluation showed that YOLOv7 had the best performance with a mean Average Precision (intersection over union, IoU 0.5) of 0.940, which was better than YOLOv5s (0.922) and YOLOv8s (0.922). As a result of generating distortion in the color and high-frequency components to compare the performance of models according to data quality, the performance degradation of the YOLOv8s model was the most obvious, and the YOLOv7 model showed the lowest performance degradation. This study confirms that the YOLOv7 model is more robust than the YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s models in detecting land-based floating debris. The deep learning-based floating debris detection technique proposed in this study can identify the spatial distribution of floating debris by category, which can contribute to the planning of future cleanup work.