• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide emission estimation methods consist of four tiers according to the IPCC guideline. In this study, estimated results by tier 3 and tier 4 were compared with the theoretically calculated $CO_2$ emissions based on the mass balance approach for a gas fired power plant between March and May 2011. It was found that the relative differences were upto 17% between the measured emissions by tier 4 and theoretically estimated emissions, while the results of tier 3 were similar to those from theoretically estimated ones. The comparisons suggested the possibility of misestimation due to replacing missing, abnormal, or invalid data in continuous emissions monitoring system. When using only the data without those missing, abnormal, or invalid data, the relative differences decreased somewhat but still showed consistent differences depending on the stack. It is suggested that this differences might be due to the accuracy of the measurement instruments for the tier 4, especially, for the flow rate measurement instrument.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2019

As a part of the national marine ecosystem monitoring program, the temporal and spatial variation of sedimentary environment and pollution of organic matters and trace metals from four major tidal flats, i.e., Ganghwa Is., Garolim bay, Jeung Is., Suncheon bay, was investigated for 3 yerars from 2015 to 2017. The mean grain size of the sediment was $5.0-5.3{\varnothing}$ at Ganghwa Is, $4.5-4.8{\varnothing}$ at Garolim bay, $6.1-6.5{\varnothing}$ at Jeung Is, and $8.6-8.7{\varnothing}$ at Suncheon bay. The mean grain size (Mz) tended to decrease from the north (Ganghwa Is.) to the south (Suncheon bay). The ignition loss (IL) was 15.5% in Suncheon bay in 2015, which was relatively high compared to other sites, but gradually decreased over time from 8.3% in 2016 to 7.0% in 2017. In Jeung Is. and Suncheon bay, the concentration of Zn and As exceeded the threshold effect level (TEL) at some stations, but the range of trace metals in the other sites was below the level. In Jeung Is., the Mz and concentration of trace metals except Hg was positively correlated (r= 0.40-0.88, P<0.05). On the other hand, Mz was negatively correlated with trace metals (P<0.05) in Suncheon bay. The geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) to evaluate contamination status of sediments for trace metal was less than 1(not contaminated) for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg, and 2-3 (moderately to strongly polluted) for As at several stations in Suncheon bay and Jeung Is.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.35
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• pp.29-40
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• 2013

중국경제의 지속적인 성장에 따른 동북아지역의 해상물동량 증가, 국민의 삶의 질 향상에 따른 레저활동 인구 증가와 선원의 고령화, 외국인 선원증가 현상 등 해상환경의 변화에 의한 해양사고 발생 가능성은 커지고 있다. 이에 정부는 안전수준 향상을 위한 해상교통의 체계적인 안전관리시스템 고도화 정책을 추진하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내외 도로교통, 건설업 등 안전부문에서 시행하고 있는 평가제도의 사례를 조사 분석하여 해운선사의 안전등급제 도입을 위한 제도의 목적, 도입방법, 평가방법 등을 제시함으로써 효과적인 제도도입 및 운영방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the community structure of macrobenthic assemblages in the Environmental Conservation area, Korea. Benthic animals were collected by van Veen grab sampler at spring (May) and summer (August) 2009. The total species number and mean density were 195 species 5.6 m^-2 and 667 individuals m^-2, respectively. Polychaetes were the most dominant faunal group in species (96 species) and abundance (431 individuals m^-2). The major dominant species were the polychaetes Lumbrineris longifolia (76±224 individuals m^-2), Mediomastus californiensis (42±117 individuals m^-2), Tharyx sp.3 (26±110 individuals m^-2), the bivalvia Theora fragilis (54±78 individuals m^-2) and the amphipod Eriopisella schellensis (70±146 individuals m^-2). Based on the cluster and nMDS ordination analysis, macrobenthic communities were divided into three faunal groups. The first group was characterized by high abundance of the polychaeta Sternaspis scutata and the amphipod Ampelisca cyclops iyoensis, which is located by most stations of Hampyeong Bay and St. 4 of Deungnyang Bay. The second group was numerically dominated by the polychaeta Capitella capitata at St. 4 and St. 5 in Gamak Bay where was most pollutant area. Finally, the third group was dominated by the polychaetes Heteromastus filiformis, Tharyx sp.3 and the amphipod Sinocorophium sinensis. Therefore, geochemical characteristics such as the bay shape and pollution gradient may be important factors controlling of the macrobenthic community structure in Environment Conservation Area.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.733-741
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• 2021

Globally, in accordance with the goals set forth in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, each country has established and declared a reduction target for carbon neutrality by 2050. The roadmaps for establishing long-term greenhouse gas emissions development strategies and setting reduction targets have been announced. As the international community accelerates the transition to the net-zero society, 128 countries have declared net-zero by the end of 2020, and the net-zero declaration continues to expand around G20 member states. In December 2020, Korea announced the "2050 Net-zero Strategy" to establish a foundation for simultaneously achieving carbon reduction, economic growth, and improved quality of life for the people through active response to the net-zero, and pursuing policy tasks in stages to do this. Comprehensive carbon management is insufficient due to the lack of comprehensive carbon management due to the departure from the areas of mandatory reduction, such as the GHG energy target management system and the GHG emissions trading offset system implemented to reduce greenhouse gases in Korea. Currently, there is no cases for estimation or calculation of carbon dioxide emissions for the Mine Reclamation projects. It is reviewed the standard methods proposed by domestic and foreign carbon emission calculation methods and proposed appropriate carbon emission estimation methods for the Mine Reclamation projects in this study.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.36-40
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• 2022

To respond to rapidly changing water circumstances such as climate change, drought, etc., the korean government (MOE) established four advanced strategies for integrated groundwater management. The first strategy is watershed-based management of groundwater. The second strategy is total quantity management of groundwater including improvement of groundwater preservation area policy and procedure of investigation for groundwater influence area, additional construction of groundwater dam, installation of large-scale public wells, extention of spilled groundwater use. The third strategy is prevention of groundwater contamination including expansion of monitoring wells, introducing declaration of groundwater contamination. The last strategy is advancement of groundwater information management including integrated management of data, setting up a big-data based open platform. The above-mentioned four strategies will be reflected in the 4th National Groundwater Management Plan to secure implementation power, and it is expected to laid the foundation for advanced and rational groundwater management system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1236-1245
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• 2009

공동구는 도시생활을 영위하는 데 필요한 전기, 가스, 상 하수도, 전화, 통신 등의 공공시설물을 지하매설물 형태로 설치하여 시민들의 일상생활 및 사회 경제활동의 편의성을 제공하고 안전하고 안락한 도시환경을 유지시키며, 효율적인 도시운영이 가능케 하는 공공시설물이다. 그러나, 최근 들어 여의도 공동구 화재(2000년), 여수 공동구 침수(2003년), 구리시 전력구 화재(2006)등과 같이 공동구 및 전력구에서의 화재, 혹은 침수 등에 의해 재해가 발생하여 이로 인한 국가적 경제적, 사회적 손실이 늘어가고 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 공동구내 설비를 화재 및 재해로부터 보호하기 위한 법적 장치가 미비한 실정이며, 현재 운영되고 있는 공동구의 관리 또한 시설관리공단이나 위탁관리기관 등으로 분산되어 있어 일정한 시설물 설치기준이나 유지관리제도가 정립되지 못하여 효율적인 운영이 이루어지지 않다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 근래 국내에서 발생한 공동구 재해사례와 공동구 관련 법규를 검토 분석하였으며, 다양화되어 가는 공동구 수용시설 조건에 부합하고 체계적이고 효율적인 공동구의 시공을 위한 공동구 건설기준 제정방안을 도출하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.588-595
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• 2018

This study has focused on evaluation of heavy metal contamination in seepage from 23 mine waste dumping sites in Korea. Seepage samples from the sites were taken and analyzed for heavy metals. The maximum levels (mg/L) in the samples were Al 53.98, As 16.19, Cd 1.15 Cu 37.30, Fe 28.64, Mn 39.00, Ni 0.097, Pb 0.750, and Zn 80.18. Among the sites, six mines were selected as continuous monitoring sites. As results of three months' monitoring of the sites, over the water guidelines for As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Al in seepage samples were found at two abandoned Au-Ag mines, Cd, Mn, Zn and Al at two Pb-Zn mines, and As, Fe and Mn at two other Fe-W mines. Therefore, those six mines need continuous monitoring on contamination assessment of seepage due to mining activities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.667-675
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• 2020

An Alum-sludge based adsorbent (ASBA) was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of alum sludge obtained from settling basin in water treatment plant. ASBA was applied to remove fluoride and arsenic in artificially-contaminated aqueous solutions and mine drainage. The mineralogical crystal structure, composition, and specific surface area of ASBA were identified. The result revealed that ASBA has irregular pores and a specific surface area of 87.25 ㎡ g-1 on its surface, which is advantageous for quick and facile adsorption. The main mineral components of the adsorbent were found to be quartz(SiO2), montmorillonite((Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·4H2O) and albite(NaAlSi3O8). The effects of pH, reaction time, initial concentration, and temperature on removal of fluoride and arsenic were examined. The results of the experiments showed that, the adsorbed amount of fluoride and arsenic gradually decreased with increasing pH. Based on the results of kinetic and isotherm experiments, the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride and arsenic were 7.6 and 5.6 mg g-1, respectively. Developed models of fluoride and arsenic were suitable for the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, As for fluoride and arsenic, the increase rate of adsorption concentration decreased after 8 and 12 hr, respectively, after the start of the reaction. Also, the thermodynamic data showed that the amount of fluoride and arsenic adsorbed onto ASBA increased with increasing temperature from 25℃ to 35℃, indicating that the adsorption was endothermic and non-spontaneous reaction. As a result of regeneration experiments, ASBA can be regenerated by 1N of NaOH. In the actual mine drainage experiment, it was found that it has relatively high removal rates of 77% and 69%. The experimental results show ASBA is effective as an adsorbent for removal fluoride and arsenic from mine drainage, which has a small flow rate and acid/neutral pH environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

After the UN General Assembly on 2006, Interest on the marine litter has rapidly increased internationally. The UN sub-organizations, UNEP/Regional Seas, FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and OC(Ocean Conservancy) as a one of world NGO had been tackled to collect information and prepared world reports related on marine litter, recently, those are published. Through the 10years experience of Korea's policy on marine litter since 1999, it is re-evaluated as a roll model internationally. In this paper, brief introduction of structure and function of Korea's authorities which are responsible for or are involved in the marine litter issue as well as the National Marine Litter Management Basic Plan which is established in 2008, has been provided. This paper also included the structure and roll of the marine litter initiative center in the plan. Change of the paradigm of action plan on marine litter in Korea already had been started.