• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.329-365
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to measure economy and environment efficiencies under fossil fuel and environment regulation by countries for 2000-2009. Distinguishing 83 countries with three groups of OECD, upper-middle, and low countries, we compare four models such as environment oriented, economy-oriented, environment-economy oriented, and two-stage types, which include a desirable output, GDP and an undesirable output, pollutant together in the production possibility set. OECD countries relatively showed high economy efficiency and low environment efficiency, whereas Non-OECD countries showed high environment efficiency and low economy efficiency. OECD countries reported a higher possibility to reduce fossil fuel and $CO_2$ emission.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-49
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• 2014

Growing interest of stakeholders on corporate responsibilities for environment and tightening environmental regulations are highlighting the importance of environmental management more than ever. However, companies' awareness of the importance of environment is still falling behind, and related academic works have not shown consistent conclusions on the relationship between environmental performance and economic performance. One of the reasons is different ways of measuring these two performances. The evaluation scope of economic performance is relatively narrow and the performance can be measured by a unified unit such as price, while the scope of environmental performance is diverse and a wide range of units are used for measuring environmental performances instead of using a single unified unit. Therefore, the results of works can be different depending on the performance indicators selected. In order to resolve this problem, generalized and standardized performance indicators should be developed. In particular, the performance indicators should be able to cover the concepts of both environmental and economic performances because the recent idea of environmental management has expanded to encompass the concept of sustainability. Another reason is that most of the current researches tend to focus on the motive of environmental investments and environmental performance, and do not offer a guideline for an effective implementation strategy for environmental management. For example, a process improvement strategy or a market discrimination strategy can be deployed through comparing the environment competitiveness among the companies in the same or similar industries, so that a virtuous cyclical relationship between environmental and economic performances can be secured. A novel method for measuring eco-efficiency by utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is able to combine multiple environmental and economic performances, is proposed in this report. Based on the eco-efficiencies, the environmental competitiveness is analyzed and the optimal combination of inputs and outputs are recommended for improving the eco-efficiencies of inefficient firms. Furthermore, the panel analysis is applied to the causal relationship between eco-efficiency and economic performance, and the pooled regression model is used to investigate the relationship between eco-efficiency and economic performance. The four-year eco-efficiencies between 2010 and 2013 of 23 companies are obtained from the DEA analysis; a comparison of efficiencies among 23 companies is carried out in terms of technical efficiency(TE), pure technical efficiency(PTE) and scale efficiency(SE), and then a set of recommendations for optimal combination of inputs and outputs are suggested for the inefficient companies. Furthermore, the experimental results with the panel analysis have demonstrated the causality from eco-efficiency to economic performance. The results of the pooled regression have shown that eco-efficiency positively affect financial perform ances(ROA and ROS) of the companies, as well as firm values(Tobin Q, stock price, and stock returns). This report proposes a novel approach for generating standardized performance indicators obtained from multiple environmental and economic performances, so that it is able to enhance the generality of relevant researches and provide a deep insight into the sustainability of environmental management. Furthermore, using efficiency indicators obtained from the DEA model, the cause of change in eco-efficiency can be investigated and an effective strategy for environmental management can be suggested. Finally, this report can be a motive for environmental management by providing empirical evidence that environmental investments can improve economic performance.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-146
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper IS to estimate efficiency and loss of productivity under environmental regulation, and analyze the environmental efficiency index empirically. Using the panel data for 20 member countries of OECD during 1985~1999, environmental efficiency index can be constructed by comparing the production processes under alternative assumptions of disposability, by using a hyperbolic measure of productive efficiency. As a result of estimation for the environmental efficiency index, EE of OECD countries gradually shows a downward trend. In terms of the treatment of pollutants, Japan, Germany and France are countries that have a considerable burden in getting rid of the pollutants. In case of EE, Korea displayed high environment efficiency, but in the latter half of the 1990's, the environmental efficiency of Korea became slightly worse. During the same period, Korea had a burden in dealing with NOx just like the other OECD countries.

• LOGISTICS
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• s.16
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

(사)한국물류협회(회장 서병륜)와 인천광역시, 인천광역시 물류연구회, 한국로지스틱스학회, 매일경제신문사가 공동으로 주최하고 로지스올 그룹, 물류신문사가 후원한 제15차 물류정책토론회가 지난 3월 23일 인천종합 문화예술회관 대회의실에서 200여명이 참여한 가운데 개최됐다. 서병륜(사)한국물류협회 회장은 개회사를 통해 "최근에들어 물류강국화 정책의 수립과 입안시 특히 중시되어야 할 것은 비약적 성장세를 보이고 있는 중국의 경제환경 변화로 오늘 토론회를 통하여 정책적 합리화를 모색할 수 있는 좋은 계기가 되기를 바란다"고 말했다. 이번 토론회에서는 전만술 한국물류연구원 원장, 전일수 인천물류연구회 회장의 사회로 '중국의 경제환경 변화와 우리나라 물류정책의 효율화방향 모색'이라는 주제하에 제1테마'북중국권 경제환경 변화와 서해안 물류정책의 효율화방향 모색', 제2테마 '중국의 글로벌 물류거점화와 효율적 대응방안 모색'으로 나뉘어 재능대학교 박창호 교수와 중국 시노로그 컨설팅 박노언 대표가 각각 주제 발표했다. 오늘 토론회의 지정토론자로는 김학소 박사(한국해양수산개발원 항만연구본부장), 허문구 박사(한국무역협회 국제물류지원단 컨설팅팀장), 이호영 대표(함부르그항만청 주한대표부), 예충열 박사(한국교통연구원 동북아 물류경제연구실장)등이 참석했다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.1 s.167
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• pp.18-19
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• 1993

군사비가 경제발전에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보면 군사비나 경제개발 투자비의 문제가 아니라 군사비를 포함한 국가재정이 얼마나 효율성 있고 생산성 있게 쓰여졌는가가 중요한 문제입니다. 앞으로의 군사력 건설은 기술집약적 방위에의 방향으로 나아가면서 국방비 사용의 효율성(비용효율성)을 극대화하고, 동시에 경제적으로 파급효과도 크게끔 하는것이 요구된다 하겠습니다

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2019

Korea has passed the Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities in 2015, and the integrated environmental management under the BAT standard is underway. To summarize the nature of integrated environmental management, it is the regulation by the integration of the management of the multi-pollutant source and the technical standard of BATs. In general, in environmental economics, regulation-based on technical standards are known to be inefficient. This paper attempts to evaluate the efficiency of BAT standards from an economic point of view. A simple multi-pollutant model demonstrates that the inefficiency of the environmental tax with imperfect information in a single pollutant situation is amplified under multi-pollutant conditions. The simultaneous introduction of BAT and IPPC can be partially explained by this logic. It is also highlighted by the strengthening of BAT standards by EU, as a countermeasure to the potential deterioration of air quality caused by the change of effective environmental taxes accompanying the fuel and emission price changes.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• v.26 no.5_6
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• pp.21-23
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• 2004

환경은 일단 한번 파괴되면 그 원상회복이 거의 불가능하고 또한 복구에 막대한 비용이 소요되어 궁극적으로는 경제활동을 제약하게 되므로 환경문제에 효율적으로 대처하기 위해서는 환경오염에 대한 사전예방의 노력이 매우 중요하다.<중략>

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.255-255
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• 2017

오래전부터 물은 누구나 사용할 수 있는 자유재로 인식되었지만, 산업혁명 이후 폭발적으로 증가하는 인구와 환경오염 문제로 인해 인류가 사용할 수 있는 수자원이 그 수요에 비해 공급이 줄어들었으며, 이로 인해 자유재로 인식되어 왔던 수자원은 점차 그 가치를 매기는 경제재로 인식이 바뀌고 있다. 하지만 다른 경제재와 다르게 자연자원인 수자원은 환경재, 공공재라는 인식이 강하고, 더불어 공급의 불확실성으로 인해 일반적인 시장경제가 적용되기 어렵고 경제적 가치를 산정하기가 쉽지 않다. 이에 최근 수자원 전문가들은 공급이 한정된 수자원을 효율적이고 합리적으로 배분하기 위해 수자원의 경제적 가치를 산정하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 예를 들어, 미국 캘리포니아주의 경우 수자원의 용도별, 지역별 경제적 가치를 산정하여 이를 용수배분에 적용한 CALVIN모형(CALifornia Value Integrated Network)을 개발하여 실제 주정부의 수자원 활용계획에 적용한 사례가 있다. 우리나라의 경우 구체적으로 수자원의 용도별, 지역별 경제적 가치를 산정하고, 이를 실제 물 배분 계획에 적용한 사례는 드문 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 실정에 맞는 수자원의 용도별 경제적 가치를 추정하고 편익함수를 산정하는 방안을 연구하였다. 수자원의 용도를 생활, 공업, 농업, 하천유지 용수 등 네 가지로 구분하여 각 용도별로 용수의 경제적 편익을 분석하고 이를 토대로 용수별 편익함수와 경제적 가치를 산정하는 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제시될 수자원의 용도별 편익함수는 향후 개발예정인 수자원-경제통합 물 배분 모형에 적용될 것이며, 나아가 수자원의 효율적인 배분 계획 및 정책 마련에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.471-501
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• 2021

We measure Environmental Efficiency (EE) based on CO₂ in four income groups from 1998 to 2018, using the Meta Stochastic Frontier Analysis method by Input Distance Function. Our results showed that economic growth and energy consumption would increase carbon dioxide emissions, and increasing labor and capital input will reduce it. Moreover, we compared Group Environmental Efficiency (GEE), Meta Environmental Efficiency (MEE), and Environmental Gap Ratio (EGR). The results showed that GEEs were be overestimated. Furthermore, the MEE showed a downward trend during this period. The lower-middle-income group had the highest EGR performance. High-income and upper-middle-income groups showed less efficiency in MEE and EGR. To improve environmental efficiency, we must reduce fossil fuels and find more scientific and technological ways to solve existing environmental problems as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 2021

This study measured the environmental efficiency of 21 international airports based on sustainability reports issued by each airport for 2018. As many sectors in the industry paid attention to social and environmental responsibilities, airport operators comprise one of the leading sectors that streamlined their facilities to become increasingly sustainable and environmental. Nevertheless, studies on the environmental operations of airports are insufficient compared with studies on economic or operational efficiency. Therefore, the current study aims to determine any possible improvement in the environmental inefficiency of airports with the utilization of directional distance function (DDF) and to examine operational efficiency with the application of the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The majority of airports have operated their facilities efficiently, but not all have effectively managed pollutants generated by airports. Furthermore, many airports can still potentially reduce CO₂ and water consumption. This study suggests several implementable environmental improvements to the aviation sector. Moreover, other industrial sectors may use the research as a benchmark for enhancing environmental efficiency.