• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to introduce eight articles which were written on the psychological mechanisms of accidents in Korean society and to suggest alternatives to prevent them. All of these articles were presented during the "Symposium of Safety" at the Annual Conference of the Korean Psychological Association, at Youngnam University through October 18~19, 2002. Frequently occurring accidents in Korean society are a very serious and enduring social issue. Psychological and cultural factors, as well as environmental factors, were found to be leading causes of the various accidents. The preventative alternatives for these accidents should be developed taking into account these factors. A nation-wide comprehensive institute for accident management is necessary to control accidents and to study and to develop preventive programs. The attitude of psychologists also needs to shift from the laboratory to the field toward accidents and from passive to aggressive toward issues facing Korean society.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.233-248
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• 2017

Uniform laws and regulations and reasonable design is necessary for the prevention of possible fire in super high-rise building. To this end, this study focused on super high-rise and massive building-related architectural review performance-based design (PBD) evaluation disaster impact assessment (DIA), and provided fire engineering measures for improving fire prevention on the basis of performance-based design by analyzing the buildings subject to these systems and problems in terms of contents. Above all, in the aspect of law and standard improvement, first, with regard to dual parts of two statutes though significant portion of them has the same contents in performance-based design (PBD) evaluation and disaster impact assessment (DIA), it is necessary to operate the systems after making them conform with each other and consolidating or abolishing them. Second, if it is impossible to consolidate or abolish performance-based design (PBD) evaluation and disaster impact assessment (DIA), the areas of contents of performance-based design (PBD) evaluation and disaster impact assessment (DIA) should be precisely classified and established. Next, engineering improvement measures against fire hazard in super high-rise building are as follows. First, it is necessary to revise the provisions of straight-run stairs in special escape stairs. And in case of installing a mechanical smoke exhaust system instead of smoke vent, sandwich pressurization used in the United Stated should be permitted. Second, with regard to smoke control system for special escape stairs, it was shown that there was necessity for revising the standards in order to enable air to be supplied according to section in case of fire, carrying out performance-based design, and the like from the early design stages to the completion stages. In the future, it is expected that an epoch-making contribution will be made to a decrease in casualties and property damage due to fire in case of super high-rise building where the results can be reflected after carrying out a study on maintenance and carrying out an additional study on other considerations of super high-rise building together with reflecting the improvement measures provided in the above-mentioned study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2013

최근의 산업활동에서는 신규 원료 개발과 생산 효율성을 높이기 위하여 분체 공정이 증가하고 있는데, 미세 분진의 취급으로 분진운의 형성과 착화가 용이해지므로 분진폭발이나 화재 위험성이 증가하고 있다. 분진을 안전하게 사용하고 저장, 취급하기 위해서는 착화 전의 위험성 지표로서 최저발화온도(MIT ; Minimum Ignition Temperature)를 사전에 파악해 두는 것이 중요하다. 분진농도의 발화온도는 장치 내의 발화위험성이나 분진 취급 공정의 사고예방대책 관리를 위한 실용적 관점에서 중요하게 활용되는 폭발특성값이다. 또한 분진의 발화온도는 분진농도에 의존하며 농도변화에 따른 가장 낮은 온도를 MIT라고 한다. 본 연구에서는 화재폭발사고 빈도가 줄지 않고 있는 Mg 및 Mg-Al합금(60:40 wt%, 50:50 wt%, 40:60 wt%)을 대상으로 조성비율에 따른 최저발화온도를 실험적으로 조사하였다. Mg 및 Mg-Al(60:40 wt%), Mg-Al(50:50 wt%), Mg-Al(40:60 wt%) 시료의 평균입경은 142, 160, 151, $152{\mu}m$이다. MIT실험장치는 IEC 61241-2-1(Methods for Determining the Minimum Ignition Temperatures of Dust, 1994)에 준거하여 제작하여 사용하였다. 실험장치는 가열로, 분진운 시료홀더, 온도조절장치, 압축공기 제어장치 등으로 구성되어 있다. 구체적인 실험방법은 시험분진를 분진홀더에 장착하고 0.5 bar의 압축공기를 0.3 sec 동안 사용하여 일정 온도로 가열된 로의 내부로 분진운을 부유시킬 때에 분진운이 발화하여 가열로 하단부의 개방구에까지 화염이 전파하는지를 디지털비데오카메라로 기록, 평가하여 발화 유무를 판정하였다. Mg합금에 대한 MIT를 측정한 결과 $740^{\circ}C$가 얻어졌으며, Mg-Al(60:40 wt%)의 MIT는 $820^{\circ}C$로 조사되었다. 그러나 Mg-Al(50:50 wt%) 및 Mg-Al(40:60 wt%)에 대해서는 최대 가열로의 설정온도를 $890^{\circ}C$까지로 하여 농도를 변화시키면서 조사하였으나 발화가 일어나지 않았다. 문헌에 따르면 Mg입자 표면의 산화피막은 다공성으로 일정 온도에서 산화반응이 시간에 따라 직선적으로 증가하는데 반하여, Al의 산화피막은 보호 작용을 하여 일정 온도에서 산화반응속도가 표면과 내부의 농도 기울기에 의한 확산속도에 의존한다고 보고하고 있다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 Mg-Al합금의 발화특성을 고찰해 보면, Mg-Al합금에서 자기 전파성이 작은 Al성분의 증가는 착화지연이 증가하여 연소성이 감소하여 최저발화온도의 증가로 이어지는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 발화온도는 주어진 조건의 온도장에서 분진이 존재하는 시간 길이에 따라 변화하므로, 발화온도를 실험적으로 측정하는 경우에는 측정장치나 방법에 따라 달라지므로 사업장의 현장에 발화온도를 적용하는 경우에는 장치 내의 분진의 존재시간을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

The most urgent requirement in the event of disaster and fire in a skyscraper is to establish a system that enables people inside to evacuate safely. Hence, a practical direction needs to give evacuees confidence in the evacuation by reducing the psychological anxiety caused by the relatively large number of people inside and at the same time, the physically prolonged evacuation travel line. Evacuation tests with large numbers of people were conducted three times to solve these challenges and identify phenomena and issues that occurred during the experiment. The results revealed the factors that could cause a delay in evacuation and suggested improvements. The study results of this paper are as follows. First, a recent fire at a multipurpose high-rise resulted in a number of casualties due to a lack of experience with the disaster prevention system. To prevent such cases from occurring in advance, adaptability was achieved by conducting evacuation tests. Second, the data collected in the evacuation simulation statistics and the actual escape drills were compared and analyzed. Third, in the evacuation experiment, a large number of people could not participate in the experiment. The reasons for not participating were analyzed and their impact on the actual evacuation time was confirmed. Fourth, equipment aids were purchased to establish the optimal response measure to the causes of a delay in escape time and the standards for ensuring the safety of the evacuee were specified by developing improvements to minimize the evacuation delay time through comparative before and after analysis of the experiment. These results can be used for fire safety control of skyscrapers to improve the efficiency of evacuation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

An analysis was completed of the hazards distance of hydrogen accidents such as jet release, jet fire, and vapor cloud explosion(VCE) of hydrogen gas, and simplified equations have been proposed to predict the hazard distances to set up safety distance by the gas dispersion, fire, and explosion following hydrogen gas release. For a small release rate of hydrogen gas, such as from a pine-hole, the hazard distance from jet dispersion is longer than that from jet fire. The hazard distance is directly proportional to the pressure raised to a half power and to the diameter of hole and up to several tens meters. For a large release rate, such as from full bore rupture of a pipeline or a large hole of storage vessel, the hazard distance from a large jet fire is longer than that from unconfined vapor cloud explosion. The hazard distance from the fire may be up to several hundred meters. Hydrogen filling station in urban area is difficult to compliance with the safety distance criterion, if the accident scenario of large hydrogen gas release is basis for setting up the safety distance, which is minimum separation distance between the station and building. Therefore, the accident of large hydrogen gas release must be prevented by using safety devices and the safety distance may be set based on the small release rate of hydrogen gas. But if there are any possibility of large release, populated building, such as school, hospital etc, should be separated several hundred meters.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2019

When a fire occurs in a road tunnel, it is likely to develop into a major disaster because of its sealed structural characteristics. Because of this, a range of disaster prevention facilities should be installed, and they should show their appropriate functions in fire prevention and response. In addition, the installation of essential disaster prevention facilities is missing due to the lack of considering an extension of continuous tunnels and soundproof tunnels. For these reasons, it was judged that an amendment to the law would be necessary. Therefore, this paper reviewed the changes in domestic laws related to the disaster prevention facilities of road tunnels, and the results of the study on the parts that need to be revised in the fire-related laws through a comparative analysis between laws are as follows. First, consecutive tunnels should consider the sum of the extensions of the individual tunnels and ensure that the soundproof tunnels are included in the category of tunnels in the law. In this way, the necessary disaster prevention facilities should be installed. Second, it is necessary to secure a legal justification for installing disaster prevention facilities in tunnels. Therefore, it is essential that water mist fire extinguishing system facilities, emergency broadcasting facilities, and leading lights, which are excluded from installation in tunnels, are specified in the Fire-related laws. Third, to specify in the law that air respirators must be provided in the tunnel is necessary from the viewpoint of the field response. Accordingly, it will make a great contribution to the fire-fighting activities and the life-saving efforts by fire-fighters.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.295-304
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• 2019

This paper introduces a customized Smart Fire and Crime system for one person households. Recently, the number of one person household has skyrocketed due to the increasing number of one person household and the aging population. As a result, the demand for private security companies for one person household is increasing and smart security systems that are applied with rapidly evolving IoT and sensor technologies are also becoming a major issue. However, despite the increasing trend of one person households, the existing system focuses on multiple households, so that there are disadvantages of the one person households to operate in such a big system which operate separately. Therefore, in this paper, we design and implement a system that provides a personalized safety service for one person household that integrates a security system and a fire monitoring system. This will help prevent criminal activity in places where the police can not reach at a lower cost than using existing private companies, and help monitor the situation of the houses in real time.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

To protect cultural heritages from damage and destruction, evaluating the crime prevention environments is considered extremely important. This study analyzed the crime patterns related to cultural heritages, classified the crime environments by their types, and deduced the elements of the CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environment Design), aiming to present the indices for evaluating the crime prevention environments. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the crimes related to cultural heritages that must be prevented were identified as the night time trespassing and arson. According to the results of the analysis of external environments based on crime actions, the crime prevention environments of cultural heritages were classified into 10 types. Second, the important evaluation principles of the cultural heritage CPTED were the access control, surveillance reinforcement and the surrounding environment. Third, the access control that cover the internal region, boundary, external region and surroundings were classified into 22 indices. The surveillance reinforcement covers natural, organized and mechanical surveillance with 21 indices. Fourth, the applicability of the CPTED evaluation index was presented according to the types of the cultural crime prevention environments. The results confirmed that the maximum 43 indices were applicable to the seowon(lecture hall), hyanggyo(Confucian school), and gwana(district government office), and the minimum 10 indices, to the ramparts. Finally, the 43 indices were applied to Donam Seowon to validate their applicability. The results confirmed that most of the indices were applicable with the partial supplements. The evaluation index presented in this study is likely to contribute to studies in the cultural heritage CPTED field and to the protection of cultural heritages. Furthermore, this study is considered significant because it unleashed continuous concerns on and developments of CPTED. However, as the field survey to validate the applicability of the indices was limited to only one type, it may require further objective verification such as through an expert's examination of the validity and applicability of the evaluation index. In addition, to accommodate the index in related policies and systems, more precise verifications of the indices by type are considered necessary.

• 동물약계
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• no.88
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• pp.4-7
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• 2003

[ $\cdot$ ]긴급 이사회 개최 $\cdot$제1차 가축질병중앙예찰 협의회 참석 $\cdot$동물약사감시 행정처분 결과 홍보 $\cdot$제조$\cdot$수입관리자 불법 운영 근절 $\cdot$협회 제1차 이사회 개최 $\cdot$협회 제11차 정기총회 개최 $\cdot$구제역 발생국 여행시 유의사항 안내 $\cdot$농협중앙회 소독약품 긴급구매 입찰 실시 $\cdot$동물용의약품 GMP 확대 지정 추진 $\cdot$동물약사 업무 관련 설명회 개최 $\cdot$돼지콜레라 예방약 긴급 생산 협의회 개최 $\cdot$동물약사 제도개선을 위한 협의회 개최 $\cdot$동물약품 GMP 실무반 교육 실시 $\cdot$소독약품 계량용기 공급 $\cdot$동물약품 PL 단체보험 가입 현황 $\cdot$대구 지하철 화재 사고 위로금 기탁 현황

• 전기의세계
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.48-59
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• 1993

산업현장의 안전을 이룩하는데 화재 및 폭발 사고의 방지는 매우 중요하다. 또한 우리 제품의 수출활성화를 위해서도 국제적으로 표준화되고 인정받는 방폭전기기기의 규격 및 성능보장이 필수적인 요건으로 대두되고 있다. 이를 위해 정부차원에서도 본격적으로 법규를 개정하고 관련규격을 제정하는 등의 제도적 뒷받침을 시작하였으며, 그 일환으로서 폭발위험지역에서의 방폭형 전기기기의 사용을 의무화하고 이들 기기의 성능검정을 실시하게 되었다. 그러나 우리나라의 전기기기 방폭기술은 아직 초기단계에 있는 만큼 관련업체, 성능 검정기관 및 정부기관의 적극적인 설비투자와 학계 및 연구기관 등의 적극적이고 지속적인 연구개발을 통하여 이를 본격적인 궤도에 올려 놓아야 할 것이다. 최근 매스콤의 잦은 보도를 통하여 알 수 있듯이 재산에 막대한 손실을 가져오므로 철저한 사전 대비에 의하여 예방토록 하여야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 위험지역에서 사용하는 전기기기의 방폭화는 필수적이다.