• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2008

According to the previous studies about Shilla's cremate grave, in the process of importing the cremate grave, there has been correlation with Chinese Buddhism, and there have been a lot of mentions about the change of the grave, Yinwha(Stamp) patterns and its existence, and about the characteristics of the vessels to contain the bones. The cremate grave is categorized into two-parts type and mono-type, depending on the dead person. The cremate graves that are in local areas such as Wang-Gyeong, show difference in types. The typical vessel to contain the bones, called "Yeongyeol Gori Yoogaeho" is again proved to have existed from A.D 8c. ~ A.D 9c., judging from the Yinwha pattern stamp's existence. Yet, the Yeongyeol Gori Yoogaeho from 9th century used the patternless pottery, also seen from the Won-wha 10 yeon-myeong cremate grave. Due to the prosperity of Buddhism, when the "Mukuchonggwang Taranikyong(Sutra)", translated into Han language in 704 at Dang, was imported into Shilla, the funeral ceremonies of Shilla people changed from making cremate graves with vessels or scattering the bones in oceans, into building stupas in temples with hopes and wishes to bring oneself and family's fortune and the next life of the dead. As a result, the meaning of "Grave" disappeared for the cremate graves, and rather the ceremony changed into scattering bones and wishing fortunes for the dead person. In other words, the ancestor-worship ceremony which was focused on the tomb changed into commemorating the ancestors and wishing individual fortunes by the religious assembly in temples and the building process of stupas. In conclusion, this social change was the cause of the extinction of stone chamber with tunnel entrance and the tombs such as cremate grave.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2009

This study was carried out to examine the effects of cutting condition on the rooting and their subsequent growth of cut flower in plug cutting of summer-flowering chrysanthemum 'Iwanohakusen'. The more leaves were attached to the cutting, the higher shoot growth and rooting were. Shoot growth of cuttings was not affected by cutting length, but rooting was better in over 5 cm long cutting. Shoot growth was enhanced by increasing thickness of cutting, and 5.5 mm thick cutting was favored in rooting. When the many leaves were attached on the cutting, the length and weight of cut flower increased. Over 7 cm long cutting showed higher values in growth of cut flower and ray flower number. Cutting of 5.5 mm diameter showed more favorable growth of cut flower than the other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that rooting of cutting and consecutive growth of cut flower was improved when 7 cm long and 5.5 mm diameter cutting with 4 leaves was used in plug cutting of chrysanthemum 'Iwanohakusen'.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

This study was carried out to examine the effect of cutting condition on the growth of rooted cuttings and their subsequent growth of cut flower in plug cutting of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Baekma'. The more leaves were attached to the cutting, the higher shoot growth of rooted cutting was observed. Cutting with two to six leaves was effective in shoot growth and rooting than any other treatment. Shoot growth of rooted cutting was not affected by cutting length, but rooting was better in 5 to 7 cm long cutting. Shoot growth and rooting of rooted cutting was promoted by increasing the cutting diameter, and rooting was better in 3.6-4.2 mm thick cutting than 3.1 mm thick cutting. As the treating concentration of NAA increased, shoot growth was inhibited and root length shortened in rooted cutting. Soaking with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ${\alpha}$-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) for 1 h was effective in shoot growth and rooting. Root growth such as root number, root length, and root weight was better in rooting medium mixed with 2:2 of peatmoss:perlite than the other treatments. When rooted cutting produced from cutting with four or six leaves was planted, better length, weight, and leaf number of cut flower was observed. In rooted cutting produced with 7-9 cm long cutting, growth of cut flower such as length, weight, and ray flower number was more effective than the others. Therefore, it is recommended that the 7 cm long and 3.6 mm thick cutting with four to six leaves is used to improve their rooting and subsequent growth of cut flower in plug cutting of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Baekma'.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 2010

This study was carried out to examine the effect of cutting condition on rooting and their subsequent growth of cut flower in plug cutting of 'Shinma', one of autumn-flowering chrysanthemums. According to the results, cutting with four or six leaves was effective in shoot growth and rooting than any other treatments, and also the length and thickness of cut flower were increased. In case of cutting with leafless, it showed the poorest shoot growth among all of the treatments and there was no root. The weight of shoot was heavier than any other treatments in case of the length of cutting (5~7 cm). And the weight of root and its number were better than any other treatments, in treatment of the length of cutting (5 cm). The growth of shoot and rooting were enhanced by increasing the thickness of cutting. In case of thickness of cutting, the cutting (3.2 mm tnickenss) showed more favorable shoot length of cut flower than any other treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that the 5 cm long and 3.2 mm thick cuttings with four leaves are used to improve their rooting and subsequent growth in plug cutting of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Shinma'.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of age of transplants, propagated by cutting, of two cut rose (Rosa hybrida Hort.) cultivars on their subsequent growth and yield in an effort to develop an efficient cutting propagation method for domestic rose cultivars. Two cultivars used in this study were a standard type 'Pink Aurora' and a spray type 'Yellow King'. Cuttings were prepared as single node cuttings each with a five-leaflet leaf and were stuck in rockwool cubes ($5cm{\times}5cm{\times}5cm$, UR, Korea) at two different dates. Cuttings rooted for either 30 (stuck on Jan. 20, 2009) or 48 days (stuck on Jan. 2, 2009) were transplanted into a rockwool slabs ($10cm{\times}15cm{\times}100cm$, UR, Korea) on the same date, 18 Feb. 2009. Plant growth and cut flower quality were investigated for two successive harvests during the period of Jan. to July in 2009. In both cultivars, 48 days old plants showed some growth of the shoot and root before transplanting. However, in the case of 30 days old plants before transplanting no noticeable growth of the shoot and root was obserable in 'Pink Aurora', while only shoot growth, but not root growth to the bottom of the rooting medium, was observed in 'Yellow King'. This suggested cultivar-specific responses that in this experiment a spray type 'Yellow King' showed greater growth rate during the rooting stage than a standard type 'Pink Aurora'. In the measurement of growth and cut flower yield after transplanting, the 48 days old standard type 'Pink Aurora' produced greater number of cut flowers per plant than 30 days old plants, whereas their mean stem fresh weight was recorded smaller than that of the 30 days old plants. For 'Yellow King', 30 days old plants showed greater stem length, flower width, number of five-leaflet leaves per stem, stem fresh weight, and number of cut flowers per plant than 48 days old plants. Therefore, growth and yield were significantly affected by cultivar and age of the rooted cutting, and additional research is needed on the effect of age of rooted cuttings in more cultivars.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.56
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• pp.3-27
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• 2000

Hunting and gathering was the primary way to live in the Korean peninsula during the neolithic age. People were not able to invest much labor in making their tombs because of so much activity for their living. Small tombs like the shallow pit tomb(土壙墓) we

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2011

A new spray rose cultivar 'Glory Purple' was bred from the cross between a pink spray cultivar 'Macarena' and a pink spray cultivar 'Million Pink' at the National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science. The cross was made in 2004 and a candidate genotype which named as 'Glory Purple' was selected in 2009 after three years investigation for agronomical characters from 2007 to 2009. 'Glory Purple', a purple colored spray cultivar, has vigorous growth and has powdery mildew resistance. The major characteristics of this cultivar are high yield and long stem with relatively large flower size with $157stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 63.5 cm in mean length of cut flower, 6.8 cm in mean flower diameter, 25.78 in mean petal number, and 10.2 days in mean vase life. This cultivar is suitable for propagation by both cutting and grafting methods. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of the control cultivars, 'Pinky and Charming'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.164-167
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• 2008

A rose cultivar "Haedoji" developed at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extention Services (JARES) is a standard type with deep Red flower. From 2000, two cultivars 'Vital' and 'Cardinal' were examined for horticultural characteristics and were included in cross-combination in 2003. Cultivar 'Vital', a vigorous standard type, first preference with red flower, was used as a mother plant and cultivar 'Cardinal', a red flower standard type with light color, was used as a pollen-donor plant. seventeen six breeding lines were selected in 2004 based on flower shape, flower color and abundance of petal numbers on the first selection. two breeding lines were selected in 2004 based on powderly mildew and vigor on the second selection. For three years, from 2005 till 2007, one breeding lines were selected and examined for their productivity, and then cultivar "Haedoji" was developed because of distinctive characters such as light red color flower, upright stem, long vase-life and Resistance to the Powderly Mildew. A standard type with intermediate sized flower, cultivar "Haedoji" shows in average 9.2 cm flower diameter, 62.0 cm flower stem length, and 9.5 days vase-life. The average productivity for three years was $167.3stems{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year and increased 2% compare to cultivar 'Tiamo' with $163.9stems{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year.