• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2004

This paper deals with the anaphoric usage of demonstratives when they refer to what are already mentioned in the context. We examine syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors that contribute to the choice of demonstratives. As for anaphoric usage, English and Spanish show the even distribution between proximal and distal demonstratives with the meaning of their deictic counterparts. Korean and Russian, however, show the uneven distribution of the more prevalent form (unmarked on) and the lesser one (market one). This study aims at a typological explanation for the anaphoric usage of demonstratives through comparison and contrast with such factors as the distance to the antecedent, cognitive status, psychological distance and the center of attention.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

Non-verbal communications are important because they support and replace verbal communication. Body language of various non-verbal communications is the communication using the body. In animation, expression of body language is very important because characters play an important role in communicating the scenario. Animation has a dual communication structure, different from general communication. One is the communication between the speaker character and the hearer character, the other is the image and the audience, which includes the communication between the speaker character and the hearer character. In this study, we divide the body language from the characters into the discourse-in act and discourse-out act according to this dual structure and classify it into adaptors, emblem, illustrator, regulator, affect display by a functional approach method. Especially, the illustrator is subdivided into pragmatic speech act. Finally, this study analyzes the features of body language in animation and represents animation character's body language for an effective expression of the communications in animation.